分词作状语

Grammar ：----Revise the Past Participle as Adverbial

-ed 分词作状语

-ed 分词短语做状语可表示_时间、地点、原因、_条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种-ed 分词状语相当于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句，若-ed 分词作状语，句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系，即是该分词动作的承受者。

①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词_when或while_____________来强调时间概念。如：

山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。

______________________________ , the city looked like a big garden.

从句：

入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。

_________________________,he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

从句：

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

他们看了那部电影深受感动, 都哭了。_____________________, they all cried.

从句：

身边围着一群年轻人, 老人感到很高兴。

______________________________, the old man felt happy.

从句：

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if 等词。如：

再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

__________________________________

和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。 ____________________________, you should make greater efforts to study English.

水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。

___________, water can be turned into steam.

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：

尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

________________________________, they went on running after the robber.

尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

______________________________

⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：

训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。

The trainer appeared,______________________________

他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。

He walked up and down the room, ________________.

那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

The old man went into the room, ________________________

我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。

_________________________, my father and I were talking about my job.

2.-ed 分词（短语）作状语时，也可在其前面加上连词__when, if, once, though, unless等，以便明确作何种状语。

虽然输了，但我们并没有泄气。

______________(=_____________________), we were not discouraged. 一旦尝过一次，这道菜的美味就难以让人忘怀。

___________(=_______________), the dish is hard to forget.

哪里发现老鼠，就在哪里把它消灭。

Rats should be wiped out ___________(= ___________________).

3. 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于:

过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系

判断正确：（T/F）

Seeing in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 联系：

( )1. _______ more attention, the tree could have grown better.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.

( )2. The computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school

A. open B. opening C. having opened D. Opened

( )3. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

( )4. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered

( )5. The researcher is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun

C. beginning D. Begun

( )6. ________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded B. It was founded

C. Founded D. Founding

( )7. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing

C. being completed D. to be completed

( )8. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.

A. being known B. having been known

C. to be known D. Known

( )9. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited B. inviting

C. being invited D. having invited

( )10. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A. kept B. to be kept

C. keeping D. having kept

( )11. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give

C. Giving D. Given

get to do与get doing的用法区别

区别一：两者均可表示“开始做某事”，其细微区别如下。 1. get to do往往暗示一个较长的过程，含有“渐渐开始”之意，此时get 后接的不定式通常为to know, to like, to hate, to understand, to realize等表示心理感觉的动词。如：

I really wanted to get to know America. 我真想逐渐了解美国。

I shall get to like them in time. 经过一段时间我会变得喜欢他们的。

The best way to get to know the city is to visit it on foot. 要想了解这座城市，最好的方法是步行游览。

After a time you get to realize that these things don’t matter. 你过些时候就知道这些事无关紧要。

注：有时也可接表示心理感觉之外的其他动词。如：

His drinking is getting to be a problem. 他酗酒越来越成问题了。

He is getting to be a lovely kid. 他慢慢变成一个可爱的孩子了。 You’ll get to speak English more easily as time goes by. 时间一长，你的英语就会说得流利一些。

2. get doing主要用于非正式文体中，通常表示某种特定动作的开始，尤其用于get moving, get going, get thinking等搭配中。如：

We’d better get moving—it’s late. 我们还是走吧——时间不早了。

They soon got talking together. 他们不久就开始谈了起来。 He got to thinking that she perhaps wouldn’t come after all. 他已意识到也许她根本不来了。 区别二：get to do可以表示有机会做某事或被许可做某事，但get doing没有这样的用法。如：

He never got to go to college. 他从无机会上大学。

We didn’t get to see her—she was too busy. 我们没有见到她——她太忙了。 When do I get to see your new baby? 我什么时候能去看看你那刚出生的孩子呀? Did you get to visit the Louvre when you were in Paris? 你在巴黎的时候有机会去参观卢浮宫吗? 区别三：get to do还可以表示努力或设法做成某事，但get doing没有这样的用法。如：

At last he got to knock it down. 最后他设法把它敲了下来。

Did you get to buy the tickets? 你设法买到票了吗？

How did you get to be captain? 你是怎样当上船长的?