it作形式宾语时的几种特殊结构
it作形式宾语时的几种特殊结构
在英语中，当动词不定式、动名词或从句在句中充当宾语且其后又带有宾语补足语时，习惯上要在宾语补足语前使用一个没有具体意义的形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移到补足语的后面，构成“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式（动名词或从句）”结构。如： She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
她感到好好照顾他们是她的责任。
I think it no good going there now.
我认为现在去那里没有好处。
He makes it a rule to work out for an hour in the park after supper every day.
他养成了每天晚饭后在公园锻炼一个小时的习惯。
The headmaster has made it clear that the school meeting will not be put off.
校长说得很清楚校会不会推迟。
但我们常会碰到it用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在高考试题中涉及，需引起学习者的注意。
I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998)
A. it B. that C. these D. them (答案为: A)
我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。
I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (全国卷 2004)
A. this B. that C. it D. one (答案为: C) 我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。
以上这两道高考题中，it用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。
A. 动词＋it＋when / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。
We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.
要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.
要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。
B. 动词+ it + that从句。常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后（it相当于that从句的同位语）。
I take it that they will succeed sooner or later.
我认为他们迟早会成功的。
The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt.
报上说一些日本商号破产了。
Rumor has it that Mary is getting married. 谣传玛丽快结婚了。
I take it that you have been out. 我以为你一直出门在外。
Let me come and stay. You can put it that it was arranged before.
就让我来呆在这儿吧，你就说原先就是这样安排的。
C. 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句。常见于bring it to one's attention; owe it to sb; take it for
granted 等结构中。
I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。
Don't take it for granted that they will support you.
不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。
D. 动词 + 介词(短语) + it + that从句。常见于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, look to, see to, stick to 等结构中。
I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.
我将负责按时做好一切准备。
You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.
你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。
I’m counting on it that you will come. 我指望着你会来。
E. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。 I heard it said that th factory was founded in 1990.
我听说那家工厂是1990年创建的。
They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place.
他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。