主谓宾定状补主系表
主语The Subject
意义:表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么物”,一般由名词,代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
例句;
Gina is from Australia.
Lucy is an American gairl.
谓语The Predicate
说明主语做什么、是什么、或者怎么样。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须保持一致。
例句
We are both quiet.
He has a toothache.
She is going camping.
表语The Predicative
说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词形容词或相当于名词或形容词的短语充当,和系动词一起构成谓语。
例句
Her brother is a bank clerk.
Are you ready?
We were at home last night.
宾语The Objiect
表示动作行为的对象,有名词、代词或相当于名词或短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
Good food ang exercise help me to study harder.
He ’s playing soccer.
定语The Attribute
用来修饰名词后代词。作定语得出形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
Peel three bananas.
What’s your name ,please?
状语The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,一般能表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副的词或短语等来充当。 例句
People are all working hard.
Beijing is not very cold in winter.
主(语)+系(动词)+表(语)
主语,主语是五种基本句型都具备的。
从位置上来看,主语一般在句子开头,也就是一个句子的 “头把交椅”。
从意义上理解,主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”,后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。
主语一般是名词或代词(当然还有其他,这里暂且详细讨论)
系动词是联系动词的简称,顾名思义,它是起到联系作用的动词,是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词:
一、 be动词类: am、 is 、are 、was 、were
二、 表示变化类:become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go
三、 感官动词类: 眼(look )耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)
四、 表示延续性的动词 :remain 、stay 、keep
名词做宾补
1. She found him a very clever boy.
形容词做宾补
2.He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
副词做宾补 3.Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.
介词短语做宾补
4. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. 现在分词做宾补
5. I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. 过去分词做宾补
6.I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.
不定式做宾补
(1).to do
The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.
(2) 省略 to 的不定式
We saw the car stop.
I made him change his mind
被动语态:
The car was seen to stop.
He was made to change his mind.