考博作文预测8篇
考博英语范文8篇
博士生入学英语考试协作部分试题说明
根据教育部1992年颁布的《研究生英语教学大纲》（以下简称大纲《大纲》 的要求：“非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。”
《大纲》中对硕士生的写作要求是“掌握基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落展开和起承转合等），能按具体要求，在一小时内写出250词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。”、
第一部分 写作文的要求及考试中普遍存在的问题
一 考试要求
1．文章内容切题。审题准确,不跑题。
2．表达清楚。语言简洁、准确、说理清楚,读者能从作文内容清楚理解作者写作意图。
3．意义连贯。 文字连贯、层次分明、意义表达完整。要使文章意义连贯必须具有一定的技能，包括较强的语感，遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力；
4．语言规范。符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实，
最终避免中式英语。
附：18 分样卷
Topic： With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.
With China’international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.
In my opinion, we must make some reform and adjustment in graduate government, it must adjust its policy of using talents, especially higher-level talents. For example, it may provide many privileges for them.
curriculum. They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduate’s capability. They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society.
In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system. If we do international competition. So we must reform our graduate education system. (219 words)
点评： 该文紧扣主题，结构严谨，内容充实，语言流畅，句式变化多样。虽有个别小错，但英语表达能力较强，长度符合要求。
万能框架
As is well known to all of us, … Take …for example, it’s … for the … to… But when…
On the other hand, there do exist some… that… They are making all possible means to … and trying their best to… Compared with what those… , It’s a pity that… And what’s more, with the deepening and furthering of our country’s opening and reforming, more… are allowed to… With China entering the
WTO, … are also permitted to … If still blind to this, the … is sure to … So, it’s urgent and essential for … to analyze… more rationally and macroscopically. It must keep in mind that … should never be unheard.
Although the condition is unsatisfactory now, with the awareness of the …and all the society efforts, improvement and an even brighter future are not only possible but also inevitable.
二 历年考试中存在的典型问题分析
1．不会审题，偏离主题。
2．汉语思维，逐字翻译。常见考生用汉语构思文章，同时将汉语句子硬译成英语。
3．用词搭配不当。
4．词汇量小，表达困难，拼写错误。
5．句法逻辑关系混乱。例如：Our English class often told stories.正确的应是: Stories are often told on our English class.
6．不会用关联词转承上下句和段落。关联词即过渡词，使用过渡词，可使
上下句子和段落合理衔接，承上启下，使表达合乎逻辑，常见过渡词
如as far as, however, well, though, in spite of 。
7．语法错误。 主要表现为：
（1） 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise， raise； hear, listen
（2） 被动语态和主动语态的误用,例如: interesting和 interested
（3） 词类混淆,将动词或形容词误用作名词,将名词或动词误用作形容
词,例如:
benefit 和beneficial; difficult和 difficulty; pleasure 和pleased等。
（4） 混淆可数名词和不可数名词，例如： help，practice等。
（5） 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如： 等。
三．如何写出漂亮的文章
文章要内容切题，表达清楚，意思连贯，语言比较规范。这就要求考生在写作时，把握如下方面：
1．统一性（Unity）
内容切题，实际上就是要求文章统一性。所谓统一性，就是指短文必须围绕着主题扩展，不能多中心。统一性表现在句子、段落和篇章三个层次上。我们写汉语文章的要求是首先不能跑题，实际上就是对统一性的要求。
2．连贯性 (Coherence)
指句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的衔接要自然通畅，主要体现在文章的逻辑发展顺序和过渡词语的运用上。
1）逻辑顺序
按照时间先后，或空间位置的相互关系，我们可以写出眉目清晰、
符合逻辑的段落或文章。叙述文体多采用时间顺序，描写文体中空间顺序更常见。高潮形成系指按照其重要性或严重性安排各个发展点（指段落）或发展段（指文章）的顺序，这种语篇发展方法在描写、叙述、说明和议论文中均常出现。英语语篇的逻辑顺序安排一般是先谈最次要的内容，继而谈较为重要的内容，最后再谈最重要的内容，从而形成文章高潮。
2）过渡词语的运用—— 语篇的外在连贯手段
有时，单靠逻辑上的连贯对英语语篇来说是很不够的，因而过渡词
语的运用必不可少。汉语的连贯属于“意合”，英语的连贯属“形合”，而借助过渡词语取得语篇的连贯是形合法最突出的特点。所以，在英语文章内，诸如等过渡词语特别多。它们的运用挑明了句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的关系，使文章更加显得连贯。由于受汉语“意合”的影响，中国学生常忽略过渡词语的运用。所以中国学生在进行英语写作时必须对此给以足够的重视。
3．语言规范
语言的规范涉及面广。小至遣词造句，大到语篇结构，无不体现语言使用的质量。根据近年博士生入学英语考试的作文试卷统计，许多考生未熟练掌握造句技能甚至不能保证单词拼写正确、句子无重大语法错误。因此要多读多看英语报刊和原著，从中学习语言用法，没有仔细阅读过、理解过的东西千万不要在作文中使用，切忌中国式英语。、、
第二部分 范文
1. The information marketplace and our life
Nowadays, people from all walks of life and from every corner of the world can not escape the influence of the information marketplace.
Admittedly, technology has benefited millions of people and it is hard to think of an area of modern life that is not, in some way, related to the development of information marketplace. Take our everyday life as an example. Watching various programs from TV and surfing the internet via computer have enabled us the access to the latest news and development in every aspect of life, as well as entertainment and relaxation. The software like QQ, MSN or E-mail has provided us with the most convenient and prompt ways to communicate with our relatives and friends even if they are far away from us. The digital camera is a fantastic appliance to record the memorable moments and wonderful sceneries. What’s more, E-education, with flexible schedules, customized content and hybrid teaching models, have speeded up training and benefited numerous people who are eager to enlarge their scope of knowledge.
Fascinating as the information marketplace is, it also has some disadvantages. The advent and prevalence of the Internet, to some extent, deprive some people of
fundamental real-life communicative skills. The majority of the younger generation have become techno-junkies who would interact with the world merely via their computer screens. A great many students are addicted to computer games, for which they pour all their pocket money and even play truant. In addition, people nowadays rely too much on the internet to seek for solutions and guidance, so they tend to be rather lazy and reluctant to rack their brains. A doctor even cannot diagnose a patient without depending on lab tests or medical equipment. What’s worse, some malignant hackers would apply viruses to take advantage of our private and secret information to make a fortune.
Judging from the above-mentioned facts, we can come to the conclusion that the
information marketplace is a two-edged sword which has influenced our lives in a both comprehensive and profound way. There are two things that we should be aware of. For one thing, it is high time that we took all the necessary measures to battle against hackers and guarantee the security on the web. For another, it is necessary for us to realize that computers are merely our servants, not masters.
2. On Sustainability in China
According to its definition, the purpose of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Actually, sustainability is of vital importance in China and is too urgent for us to ignore. The reasons are as follows.
To start with, we cannot develop economy rapidly by sacrificing the environment and the benefits of our offspring. Nowadays, deforestation has led to water loss and soil erosion, which has deprived peasants of the fields to plant and made fertile farmland
desert. What’s more, people’s awareness of environmental protection and sense of
cultural conservation fall behind the development of tourism, which has accelerated the degradation of some cultural and natural sites. However, if we reduce the use of
disposable commodities and plant more trees, the world will become a more beautiful and prosperous habitat.
In addition, the deterioration of the equality of the environment threatens the existence of mankind. There are few places in China today that have not been spoiled by
industrial development and pollution. The air we breathe is more often than not polluted by the smoke from factory chimneys and the exhaust fumes of motor vehicles, while chemical waste poisons our rivers, lakes and seas. We cannot deny the fact that human beings are deliberately destroying nature, and in turn, will be severely punished by nature.
The only way out is to carry out the strategy of sustainable development. Therefore, both the government and ordinary people should join hands to keep ecological balance and make this world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations. The best solution is to resort to sustainable development, and advocate green consumption and an ecological lifestyle while we are making socialist
construction and promoting our economy. Environment-friendly architectures and
transportation systems should be adopted to build a sustainable society. Besides, we can take full advantage of high science and technology to improve the work efficiency without wasting too many natural resources, or to explore new energies such as solar power. Only in these ways can we live in harmony with nature and enhance sustainable development.
3. What Would Happen if No Attention Is Paid to The Environmental Protection
With the development of our society, people want more convenience and comfort. Some European countries such as Switzerland and Sweden can be taken as good examples.
However, our environment has been seriously polluted. Many factories or
farmlands not only polluted themselves but also bring about pollution to the whole society. Sewage water, poisonous gases and waste mineral material are now destroying our environment.
Facing the situation, I think, we must be aware of the long-lasting consequences of our actions. Strict laws must be imposed to punish those who pollute the environment. What is more important is for everybody to realize that only when we have a clean environment can we develop our economy in a healthy and sustainable manner for the future generations.
4. On University Tuition System in China
Tuition system has become one of the hottest topics in China since it was put into effect. Different people have different opinions on it.
desert. What’s more, people’s awareness of environmental protection and sense of
cultural conservation fall behind the development of tourism, which has accelerated the degradation of some cultural and natural sites. However, if we reduce the use of
disposable commodities and plant more trees, the world will become a more beautiful and prosperous habitat.
In addition, the deterioration of the equality of the environment threatens the existence of mankind. There are few places in China today that have not been spoiled by
industrial development and pollution. The air we breathe is more often than not polluted by the smoke from factory chimneys and the exhaust fumes of motor vehicles, while chemical waste poisons our rivers, lakes and seas. We cannot deny the fact that human beings are deliberately destroying nature, and in turn, will be severely punished by nature.
The only way out is to carry out the strategy of sustainable development. Therefore, both the government and ordinary people should join hands to keep ecological balance and make this world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations. The best solution is to resort to sustainable development, and advocate green consumption and an ecological lifestyle while we are making socialist
construction and promoting our economy. Environment-friendly architectures and
transportation systems should be adopted to build a sustainable society. Besides, we can take full advantage of high science and technology to improve the work efficiency without wasting too many natural resources, or to explore new energies such as solar power. Only in these ways can we live in harmony with nature and enhance sustainable development.
3. What Would Happen if No Attention Is Paid to The Environmental Protection
With the development of our society, people want more convenience and comfort. Some European countries such as Switzerland and Sweden can be taken as good examples.
However, our environment has been seriously polluted. Many factories or
farmlands not only polluted themselves but also bring about pollution to the whole society. Sewage water, poisonous gases and waste mineral material are now destroying our environment.
Facing the situation, I think, we must be aware of the long-lasting consequences of our actions. Strict laws must be imposed to punish those who pollute the environment. What is more important is for everybody to realize that only when we have a clean environment can we develop our economy in a healthy and sustainable manner for the future generations.
4. On University Tuition System in China
Tuition system has become one of the hottest topics in China since it was put into effect. Different people have different opinions on it.
Some people think that there is no university in the world which is open to students without tuition. As far as China is concerned, it is a developing country with the largest population in the world. The government is unable to allocate enough funds to pay for various teaching facilities and many different kinds of expenses. One of the ways to relieve the problem is for students to pay tuition. The money raised in this way can be used to improve the conditions for running schools.
Others, however, are opposed to the tuition system. They argue that the living standard of the Chinese people, especially of those in the poor rural areas, is still low, compared with that in the Western World. The university tuition will certainly add to the already heavy burden of the parents, who live on their salaries or wages. Moreover, tuition may become an obstacle to the development of China's higher education. This is because it hinders some talented people from entering the university just on account of their poverty.
5. On the Attitude towards Fighting against Criminals
Today crime rate in our cities seems to be rising. Thefts, robberies, and murders are reported to take place even in the broad daylight.
Facing crime tide, people may take different attitudes. Some feel frightened and prefer to turn a blind eye to the criminals. Others are resolute and dare to run risk at the cost of their lives in fighting with the criminals. They take it as their duty to protect the social law and order. As for me, I take the attitude of the latter.
To ensure the social security and protect people’s safety, I may have some
suggestions to make. First of all, the government should always keep a continuous law education among the people, especially, in the younger generations. Secondly, criminals should be punished severely. And finally, it is imperative to set up a public foundation system to award those who set merits in fighting criminals.
6. Traditional Humane Education
The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese
Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.
With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more and more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture. Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.
It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilization directly or with some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The
national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.
To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.
7. Television Program and Their Effect on children
Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.
The beneficial television programs are mainly those that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphabet, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.
On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possibly harden the child to violence.
Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs.
A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationally beneficial programs.
8. Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads Men versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle
which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly mutilated each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Her are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All
advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh, but surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it
results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motorcars.