英语专业八级常考试题类型

TEM-8 Reading Comprehension 常考试题类型

一、涉及主题思想的观点

阅读一篇材料，我们都会自然地关注：这篇文章讲的是什么？中心思想是什么？ 对于文章主题的把握，是我们阅读的首要任务，也是怅然的考试信息点。这类试题出现频率很高，主要涉及的是主题思想、文章的目的、文章主要讨论的话题、文章的题目等，题型大致有：

1. What's the main idea of the passage?

2. What's the purpose of the author in writing this article?

3. Which of the following is the author's main purpose in the passage?

4. What is the main topic of this passage?

5. The passage is mainly/primarily concerned with .

6. The passage mainly discusses/deals with .

7. The main purpose of the passage is to .

8. The article aims to .

9. The passage could best be entitled _ .

10. The title that can best express the main idea of the passage is .

11. What is the best title of this passage?

12. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

二、主导或突出的观点和事实

大多数情况下，在一篇文章中，作者阐述的观点、叙述的事件、或者描述的原理或现象等，可能不只有一个，但是主导性或者主流性的观点、事件、原理、现象等则始终是作者强调的重点，同样也是读者和题目编制所关注的重点。这类题目主要涉及到整篇文章、也可以是一个段落里的的主导性观点、事实，我们还尤其要注意一些极端性或突显性观点、事实。题目设置可以是下列几种方式：

1. The most important/interesting ... is 2. The point that the author/scientist lays his emphasis on is 3. What Blackpool's beaches strike visitors most is their 4. What seems to have been predominant in the mind of the narrator during this episode?

5. Of the following, which is the most/least common?

6. According to the passage, the one who has the greatest degree of control in an administrative system is

7. The author’s in Paragraph 2 mainly talks about

三、关键的细节

顾名恩义，这类题目涉及到各种相关的细节，尤其是一些关键性的支持细书，这种细节可以是具体的事实，如人物、事物、时间、地点、数据，也可能是具体的原因、结果、条件、方式等等。这类题目的覆盖面非常广，出现的频率非常高，试题形式因文章内容不同而不同。例如，以往的八级考试中出现过的题目有：

1. Who can enter the contest?

2. Which of the following is considered to be Otmar Nussio's masterpiece?

3. Which of the following composers was born and later died in the same city?

4. How long did ... work as an engineering writer?

5. In the good years Mercedes could sell about [number] cars.

6. Hitler first asked to be made chancellor when .

7. The writer believes the problems of chaos and noise will most probably only be solved by 8. People will only think better of travel medicine if .

9. The city that doesn't have a Lord Mayor is 10. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 1930s mainly because of its .

11. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the inter¬view .

四、相似、相反、对比观点和事实

通常作者在阐述主导性观点或事实的同时，还会提出一些其他相关的观点或事实，有的是与之相类似的，有的是正好相反或者相对的观点和事实。读者能否正确区分和理解这些观点和事实的相关性，往往决定着其对文章内容和作者意图酶认识的全面和充分与否，所以也是八级阅读考试的考查点之一。这类题目的形式可以是：

1. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews .

2. What is the difference between ... and ...?

3. The working of a car and the functioning of a human body are similar because they both

4. Besides the merits of the system, the author also mentions such demerits as

5. One factor both panic and heart attacks have in common is .

6. Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that .

7. Why does the author mention the "mother" and "father" in the first paragraph?

8. According to the passage, the differences between government and business lie in the following areas EXCEPT

五、是非判断题

一篇文章中可能会出现多个相互关联又容易混淆的观点和事实，例如列举多个数据，人物、具体物件，阐述多个不同人群、学派等对某一问题的观点与态度等，或者某种事物或现象经过不同历史时期的沿革等等。当文章作者阐述较为复杂观点的时候，为了使论述更丰满，描写更详细，可能会采用多角度、多例证的方法。这些具体的事实或者观点搅和在一起，是是非非，真真假假，很容易引起混乱，导致阅读难以继续。但这些事实或者观点在作者看来又是不可或缺的，往往还会是作者要阐述或解释的重点，因此我们阅读的时候要格外小心。而出题者正好想要考察一下我们明辨是非的能力，因此也是经常的考点。这种情况题目的设置可以是是非判断类的，但很多数情况要根据具体内容而定，没有固定的模式。

1. Which of the following statements is true/correct?

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true/correct?

3. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT .

4. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT 5. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?

6. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT

7. All of the following statements are true/correct/mentioned EXCEPT .

六、难点的地方

我们常常会遇到这种情况，阅读时感觉到难懂或者拿不准的地方，恰恰出现在了考题中。这些“拿不准”的地方如果很关键，出题者并不会因为我们拿不准就不为难我们，相反，倒正好是一个很好的考点。试题设置不可能总是覆盖一些文章中显而易见的内容，问题的难易程度是必须考虑的。一般来说，较容易的、一般的、较难的题目的比例应该是30％：40％：30％。太容易或者太难的设计都是不合理的，会导致考生分数拉不开、分数没有梯度、大面积分数过高或过低等现象。即测试的信度和效度存在不足。难点的地方可以涉及多个方面，例如词汇、表达、句型结构的难，观点的难以理解，作者意图的难以揣靡，常常隐含了一定的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、目的等。当然所谓难和易都愍相对的，文章中的这些难点也不是没有度，而是在我们阅读理解范围之内，只是需要更高的阅读能力或者更多时间的思考。这类题目一般很难确定固定的形式，可以是具体的细节类的，也可以是推断类和隐含意义类等。例如：

1．涉及词语意义方面

1) What does the word "dyspepsia" in the 2nd paragraph mean?

2) According to the context, the word "parties" at the end of the first paragraph refers to 3) When the author says that an "oracle suffered from which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being 2．涉及推断、隐含观点

1) What would happen if...

2) What is implied in the last paragraph?

3) It is implied that 4) What does the passage imply about .

5) The author implies that 6) The passage implies that 7) At the end of the passage, the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends upon .

8) By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population, the author seems to imply that 9) It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individuals feel isolated because they 10) The passage suggests that 11) On the issue of who should be included in the DBN, the writer seems to suggest 12) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

13) What can be inferred from the passage/what the author says?

14) 15) At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem .

16) It can be assumed in the passage that 3．涉及是非判断

1) Which of the following statements is true/correct?

2) Which of the following statements is NOT true/correct?

3) According to the passage/author, which of the following is mentioned?

4) Which of the folldwing is NOT mentioned in the passage?

5) Which of the following is NOT the firm's recruitment requirement?

6) According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer's opinion?

7) The following statements are incorrect/wrong EXCEPT

七、文章的整体风格、题材与体裁形式

这种类型的题目也经常出现，但并不是太难。问题设置中常见的涉及文章体裁方面的词汇有argumentation(议论文)'description(描写文) ，exposition(说明文) ，narration(记叙文) 等。涉及文体和语言风格的词语有formal(正式) ，informal(jE正式) ，frozen(僵化的) ，colloquial(口语的) ，archaic(古体的) ，poetic(诗歌的，诗意的) ，metaphoric(比喻的>，symbofic(象征的) 等。具体题型如下：

1. The passage is most probably taken from a .

2. The passage would most probably appear in 3. 4. The index is most probably from a book on 5. From which of the following publications is the passage taken?

6. The content of the passage can best be described as .

7. The passage can best be categorized as

8. The language of the passage is.

9. The passage creates an overall impression of _

八、作者态度与语气

这种题目常常会出现，需要做出判断，大多数情况下并不难，但是应熟悉一些相关表达的词汇。常见的表达语气和态度词有facetious(滑稽的) ，serious(严肃认真的) ，nostalgic(怀旧的) ，factual(根据事实的) ，critical(批评的) ，humorous(幽默的) ，sarcastic(讽刺挖苦的) ，bitter(痛苦的，讽刺的) ，anxious(担忧的，渴望的) ，self-conscious(自觉的；忸怩的) ，nonchalant(漠不关心的) ，ironic(讽刺的) ，detached(公平的；超然的) ，scathing(严厉的，尖刻的) ，indifferent(不关心的，中立的) ，disapproving(不赞成的) ，approving(赞成的) ，noncommittal(不表态的；含糊的) ，doubtful(怀疑的) ，personal(私人的) ，impersonal(非个人的，客观的) ，dogmatic(教条的) ，persuasive(有说服力的) ，didactic(说教的) ，optimistic(乐观的) ，pessimistic(悲观的) ，emotional(感情的) ，impartial(不偏不倚的) ，boastful(夸大的，吹牛的) ，modest(谦虚的) ，deprecating(反对的，轻蔑的) ，mysterious(神秘的) 等。 试题题干主要有以下几种表达形式：

1. The general tone of the author/ passage is .

2. In the passage the writer's tone is .

3. In the passage the author's attitude towards the subject under discussion is 4. Throughout the passage, the writer's tone towards ... was 5. The author's attitude ... can best be described as .

6. The tone of the passage can most probably be described as .

7. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is 8. The writer comments on Cooke's life and career in a slightly 9. .

九、总结概括类

总结概括是文章必不可少的部分，常常是作者对整篇文章的总结或者结论，也可能是对一个段落或者一个话题的概括。这些内容对文章主题思想或者是回应，或者是支撑，是我们领会文章精神的重要部分，成为考点也就理所应当了。总结概括类考题主要有以下几种形式：

1. According to the author/passage it can be concluded that 2. What does the author think/conclude that .

3. We can safely conclude for the passage that .

4. The main conclusion from … is