11年材料概论试题解答

苏州大学_材料概论（期中考试）试卷答案

一、名词解释 (共3题 15分 )

1. Mechanical properties: reflecting the behavior of materials, deformed by a set of

forces.

2. Brass: the copper-zinc alloys

3. Coordination number: the quantity of the nearest equidistant elementary particles.

二、填空题 ( 共 4题 15分 )

1. Based on the atomic structures and the nature of bonds, materials can be

classified asand ＿.

2. The properties of materials are defined by the nature of their＿＿, ＿and ＿＿。

3. 列出合金钢中五种合金元素：和

4. 列举固体材料中可能存在的晶格缺陷类型：＿point ＿，＿linear ＿，＿

surface ＿和＿volume ＿。

三、翻译 ( 共 5题25分 )

1. There are four basic types of bonding arrangements that hold atoms together. They are ionic, covalent, metallic, and van der Waals forces. A molecule may be held together by a combination of several or all of these forces.（英译汉，5分） 原子之间的结合力有四种类型，即离子、共价、金属和范德华力。一个分子可能是由其中的几种或全部力结合的

2. This composite of glass fibers embedded in a po1ymer matrix is a relatively recent invention but has, in a few decades, become a commonplace material. （英译汉， 5分）

将玻璃纤维买置于聚合物基体组成的复合材料是几十年前的近代发明，已成为一种普通材料。

3. They are crystalline, which means that their constituent atoms are stacked together in a regular, repeating pattern. （英译汉，5分）

它们是晶态的，这意味着其组成原子按照一种规则的和重复的模式堆积在一起。 4. 构成物质世界的材料由具有亚微观尺度的各种微粒子组成。（汉译英， 5分）

The materials making up the surrounding world consist of discrete particles, having a submicroscopic size.

5. 电子的排列影响原子之间的结合并且决定材料的类型—金属、陶瓷、或聚合物。（汉译英， 5分）

The electronic arrangement influences how the atoms are bonded to one another and helps determine the type of material-metal, ceramic, or polymer.

四、计算题 ( 共 1题 10分 )

1. Compute the atomic packing factor of simple cubic. (10分)

Answer: An elementary cell of simple contains one elementary particle and the cell parameter a=2r, in which r is the radiu of elementary particle.

43The volume of all elementary particles V p =1⨯πr

3

333

V =a =(2r ) =8r The volume of the elementary cellC

In the end

V P

PF ==55. 2%

V C

五、作图题 ( 共 1题 10分 )

1. Please give the crystallographic indiced of [110]，[111] directions (晶向) and (110)，(111), (121) planes (晶面) in a simple cubic。(10分) Answer ：as shown in figure： OB 为晶向[110]， OF 为晶向[111]； 晶面：(110)：ACGE; (111): ADC; (121): APD

A

O E

D

[111]

F P ∙

C [110] B

G

六、阅读并回答问题 ( 共 1题 25分 )

1. what is the properties of materials? (5分)

The term properties describes behavior of materials when subjected to some external force or condition.

2. What are the functions of “science ” in MSE？(5分)

The "science" focuses on discovering the nature of materials, which in turn leads to theories or descriptions that explain how structure relates to composition, properties, and behavior.

3. Which material are the most used in an automobile? (5分) The most used material in an automobile are cast iron and steel.

4. Nowdays, what materials do people tend to use more in the industries? (5分) Polymer.

5.In order to improve the efficiency of products, what knowledges should be in need? (5分)

They are the synthesis, structure, properties, processing, and behavior of materials.