天龙八部简介(英文版)太牛了!

Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils

(Traditional Chinese: 天龍八部，

Simplified Chinese: 天龙八部, ，

拼音: Tiān Lóng Bā Bù) is a contemporary martial-arts novel written by Jin Yong （金庸）.

It was originally published in 1963, and has since spawned several movies and television serials in both Mainland China and Hong Kong. The title of the novel has been a challenge for translators for years. It is based on the eight races of entities described in Buddhist text who are more powerful than humans on the cosmic scale. In Buddhism, even though these demi-gods are ranked higher than humanity, they are still bound to the Samsara（轮回） by their own passions and desires. It is said that Jin Yong originally modeled each major character after one of the Races.(eg. Qiao Feng obviously represents the Deva（印度神话中提婆，天神）, due to his fall from grace, much like Indra（因陀罗，主神，司雷雨） in the Indian legends) But as he wrote on, the complexity of the story made it impossible for such a simplistic mapping. Today, the topic of which character corresponds to which Race is still an interesting matter of discussion among fans and readers.

Chapters

Duan Yu 's adventure

Duan Yu (段誉) started as the young, naive prince of Dali （大理）. Despite the long tradition of practicing martial arts in his family, he refused to learn it due to his influence by Buddhism and his disdain for fighting and killing. When his father, the Crown Prince of Dali, tried to force him, he ran away. Ironically, by chance, he acquired three powerful martial arts skills and becomes immune to poison after unintentionally eating Zhu Ha (a poisonous toad).

Early on in the novel, Duan Yu met a young girl Zhong Ling, who grew in affection for him. In order to save her from a captor, he met Mu Wanqing. Although

she mistreated him at the beginning due to the general mistrust of men imposed by her teacher/mother, Mu Wanqing fell in love with him and under the threat of Nan Hai Er Shen (南海鳄神) who tried to violate her, the two were engaged. Although Duan Yu was attracted by her beauty, he did not love her or treat their relationship seriously. It's later revealed that both Zhong Ling and Mu Wanqing, as a result of Duan Yu's father's (Duan Zhengchun, 段正淳) previous love affairs, are his half sisters. The news devastated Mu Wanqing. Zhong Ling learned about it much later and the news did not affect her as much due to her personality and young age.

Duan Yu later went to the Central Realm and met Wang Yuyan (王语嫣). He immediately fell madly in love with her, and sought every opportunity to get close to her. Unfortunately for him, Wang Yuyan was equally obsessed with her cousin Murong Fu (慕容复). It's not until Murong Fu abandoned her in his pursuit of power, did they finally get together.

Later, when Duan Yu's parents and all of Duan Zhengchun's concubines were captured and about to be killed by Murong Fu, he learned that Wang Yuyan is also a daughter of Duan Zhengchun, which means he is also her half-brother, devastating news for Duan Yu. However, with her dying breath, his mother (Dao Baifeng, 刀白凤) told him that he is in fact not the son of Duan Zhengchun, but an offspring of Duan Yanqing (段延庆), due to an one-night stand.

In the end, Duan Yu became the emperor of Dali and made Wang Yuyan his empress.

Characters

Jinyong revised the novel three times with the most recent revision being the 2005 edition. There are 50 chapters. Most of the revisions are either clarifications or minor alterations of character motivations.

Protagonists

Qiao Feng (乔峰) - later assumes the name Xiao Feng (萧峰). Known as "Northern Qiao Feng" (after his usual base), Qiao Feng was one of the two Wulin legendary heroes in this novel and a powerful martial artist.

Duan Yu (段誉) - Prince of Dali. He becomes sworn brothers with Qiao Feng and Xu Zhu.

Xu Zhu (虚竹) - A Shaolin monk, known for his kind-hearted and submissive nature, yet acquired tremendous skills.

Wang Yuyan (王语嫣) - A beautiful and compassionate maiden. Initially, she loved her cousin, the elusive Murong Fu, who had no desires outside of re-establishing his Yan kingdom; eventually became Duan Yu's wife.

A Zhu (阿朱) - The love interest of Qiao Feng, who accidentally killed her in a tragic mix-up.

A Zi (阿紫) - A Zhu's younger sister. Very childish and self-centered, she caused much hassle for Qiao Feng, who swore an oath to take care of her after her sister's passing.

Antagonists

Murong Fu (慕容复) - Known as "Southern Murong", his skill turned out be the poorest out of all the main characters (as he is constantly relieved of his sword in numerous engagements); born of a royal lineage and successor to the throne of decimated Later Yan(his name suggest he is from the Murong clan of the Xianbei that were part of the Sixteen Kingdoms period. A power-hungry and self-absorbed individual, he would stop at nothing to restore his kingdom. After a lengthy bout with Duan Yu and a failed alliance with Duan Yanqing (resulting in several needless deaths), he went insane and became somewhat of a recluse. His father, Murong Bo 慕容博, whose martial arts prowess was far superior to his own, was also a cunning villain who plotted the attack on Qiao Feng's parents.

You Tanzhi (游坦之) / "The Iron Clown" (Tie Chou - 铁丑) - The teenage son of a martial arts family who were killed by Qiao Feng, his attempted revenge against Qiao backfired when he was taken prisoner by A Zi's guards. He was mesmerised by

A Zi's beauty and became submissive to her sadistic desires (including having a cast-iron mask placed over his face for her amusement, thus the nickname "The Iron Clown"). He showed devotion towards A Zi when she was blinded by Ding Chunqiu

by offering his own eyes, however this affection was never reciprocated. Other than that, You Tanzhi is vicious and callous, demonstrated by his unprovoked challenge at the whim of A Zi against Shaolin monk Xuan Ci, or indiscriminiately killing those who threatened to reveal his true identity when he was escorting the blinded A Zi.

Jiu Mozhi （鸠摩智）- An evil Tibetan monk who is revealed in the latter half of the story as a close friend of Murong Bo. He is obsessed with learning the various special techniques of many styles of martial arts. Murong Bo's long and secretive stay at the Shaolin Temple allowed him to steal many important martial arts manuals, which he gave to Jiu Mozhi after he was done with them. Jiu Mozhi's first appearance is when he kidnaps Duan Yu after a failed attempt to learn a special technique of the Duan family. Near the end of the story he is plagued with internal energy imbalances as he only studied the violent aspects of the Shaolin arts instead of balancing them with the peaceful aspects. However, while fighting with Duan Yu, Duan Yu's strange style of Qigong manages to cure the imbalance. In gratitude, Jiu Mozhi apologizes for his past actions and leaves Duan Yu alone.

Ding Chunqiu (丁春秋) - An evil traitor of the Xiaoyao Sect. He specializes in using poison in all sorts of ways. While fighting with Murong Fu he accidentally blinded his student A Zi.

Murong Bo (慕容博) - Murong Fu's father, who has faked his death for many years. Allowing him to commit many mysterious murders as well as secretly borrow martial arts manuals from the Shaolin Temple. His existence is known by only the Duan Family (as Zhu Si Ge, one of the major guards of Dali finds his coffin empty), Xiao Yuanshan, and the sweeper monk.

Duan Zhengchun, his daughters, and his acquaintances

Duan Zhengchun's many affairs and illegitimate children are a reccuring joke, since all of Duan Yu's girlfriends turn out to (initially) be his sisters (whom he naturally cannot marry). The plot twist comes near the end of the story when it is revealed that Duan Yu is not his son.

Duan Zhengchun (段正淳) - (foster) father of Duan Yu, and the brother of the emperor of Dali. He had affairs with several women, and because they were all killed

by Murong Fu near the end of the story, he committed suicide. Most of them bore him daughters.

Dao Baifeng (刀白凤) - she is the mother of Duan Yu, the only male. As it turned out, angry and jealous of Duan Zhengchun's many affairs, Dao Baifeng committed adultery with Duan Yanqing, who was the true father of Duan Yu. Dao Baifeng is Duan Zhengchun's one and only official wife.

Wang Fu Ren (王夫人 - Madam Wang) - she bore Wang Yuyan (王语嫣) Her death is rather ironic because she happened to be Murong Fu's aunt.

Gan Bao Bao (甘宝宝) - she bore Zhong Ling (锺灵).

Qin Hongmian (秦红棉) - she bore Mu Wanqing (木婉清).

Ruan Xingzhu (阮星竹) - she is the mother of A Zhu (阿朱) and A Zi (阿紫). Kang Min (康敏) / Ma Fu Ren (马夫人 - Madam Ma) - she has no children and is the only one of Duan Zhengchun's love interests who is truly evil; having plotted the death of her weak but good-natured husband Ma Dayuan (马大元), formerly the assistant chief of the Beggar Sect and second in command to Qiao Feng.

Wang Yuyan - She is 16 years old. She is a "martial arts encyclopedia" as she memorizes about everything in the Murong family's martial arts library.

Zhong Ling - Probably the sweetest and most innocent of Duan Zhengchun's daughters. She is 16 years old, but is slightly younger than Wang Yuyan.

Mu Wanqing - The oldest of Duan Zhengchun's daughters. Of all her sisters, the fact that Duan Yu was her brother hit her the hardest.

A Zhu - Along with Zhong Ling, she is the most mild tempered of Duan Zhengchun's daughters. She is 17 years old.

A Zi - The most childish, spoiled, and evil of Duan Zhengchun's daughters. She is 15 years old.

The Four Evil Ones

"The Four Evil Ones" (Si Da E Ren - 四大恶人) is a band of four individuals known for their cruelty and malevolence. Their nicknames are Chinese idioms describing evil. Interestingly, the position of the character " 恶" in their nickname idioms indicates the character's ranking in the group (for example, 叶二娘 is ranked 2nd as indicated in her nickname "无恶不作").

Duan Yanqing (段延庆) / "Overflowing Evil" (E Guan Man Ying - 恶贯满盈) - Extremely powerful despite his form as a crippled old man. Once a prince of Dali, he was outcast and left for dead, after which he was "brought back to life" by a woman who was shrouded in light. The women turned out to be Dao Baifeng, who gave birth to his son Duan Yu.

Ye Er Niang (叶二娘) / "Commits all kinds of Evil" (Wu E Bu Zuo - 无恶不作) - Deprived of her only son, she crazily seized and killed the sons of others. It turned out Xu Zhu was her son. Later, she meets Xuan Ci, the head abbott of Shaolin whom Xiao Yuan Shan, the vengeful father of Xiao Feng, revealed as the father of Xu Zhu. Xuan Ci was then punished for breaking the monk's protocol and was beaten, and later committed suicide due to the shame. A heartbroken Ye Er Niang then killed herself.

Yue Lao San (岳老三) / "Evil Countenance" (Xiong Shen E Sha - 凶神恶煞) - Comical (but evil) individual who complained constantly about his status with regards to others (Yue Lao San always thinks he is more powerful than Ye Er Niang and calls himself Yue Lao Er 岳老二). He wields an enormous pair of scissors. He was outsmarted by Duan Yu and becomes his "apprentice". This proves useful as every time Duan Yu needs his help he simply tells him that for an apprentice to not help his master would be extremely dishonorable, Yue Lao San views his own honor very highly and therefore always helps Duan Yu. He was also known as Crocodile Spawn of the Southern Seas (南海鳄神). Despite his ignoble namesake, he proved to be a loyal disciple by sacrificing his own life to save Duan Yu.

Yun Zhong He (云中鹤) / "Desperate Evil" (Qiong Xiong Ji E - 穷凶极恶) - A lecherous fiend who was notorious for preying on beautiful young women. He is viciously slaughtered by Duan Yu using the Liu Mai Shen Jian near the epilogue of the story, for lusting after Wang Yu Yan.

Beggars' Sect

Elder Wu (Wu Changfeng 吴长风) - One of the four elders who plotted against Qiao Feng after discovering that he was Qidan. One of the strongest elders in terms of

martial arts ability.

Elder Song - One of the four elders who plotted against Qiao Feng. He was killed by You Tanzhi.

Elder Xi - One of the four elders who plotted against Qiao Feng.

Elder Chen (Chen Guyan) - One of the four elders who plotted against Qiao Feng.

Elder Xu - Killed by Qiao Feng's father???

Elder Bai (Bai Shijing 白世镜) - Takes care of the rules in the Beggars Sect. Quan Guanqing (全冠清) - An evil individual who was behind the plot to expose Qiao Feng's true ethnicity.

Ma Dayuan (马大元) - The vice sect-leader whose death was wrongly blamed on Qiao Feng.

Xiaoyao Sect (逍遥派)

Xiaoyao Sect (lit. "The Freely-Roaming Sect") is described as a mysterious group, closely guarding their secrets to the point of eliminating anyone who stumbles across the group. The origins of the group are not known, nor does it feature prominently in Jinyong's other works (a fleeting reference in The Smiling, Proud Wanderer regarding some of its martial art skills). Nevertheless, characters belonging to this Sect played significant roles in the development of this novel.

Wu Ya Zi (无崖子) - Grandmaster of the Xiaoyao Sect, who transferred all his powers (qi) to Xu Zhu before he died, enabling Xu Zhu to achieve elite status.

Tian Shan Tong Lao (天山童姥) - Disciple sister of Wu Ya Zi and long-time nemesis of Li Qiushui, her own disciple sister. She is described as a ruthless elderly ruler of the Ling Giu Palace (灵鹫宫), and treats her subordinates harshly. She was saved by Xu Zhu when she was pursued by Li Qiushui, and handed Xu Zhu the powers to Ling Giu Palace prior to her death.

Li Qiushui (李秋水) - Training partner of Wu Ya Zi and younger disciple sister to Tian Shan Tong Lao. Mother of Wang Fu Ren who gives birth to Wang Yuyan. Described as a ruthless, scheming character, yet maintaining an affable appearance. Her rivalry with Tian Shan Tong Lao began as they both vied for Wu Ya Zi's affection.

Duan Yu accidentally stumbled upon the cave where she and Wu Ya Zi once practised their sword skills, and there he acquired the skill of Ling Bo Wei Bu ("Wave-like Subtle Steps", 淩波微步).

Miscellaneous Characters

Xiao Yuanshan - Qiao Feng's father who has actually been alive the whole time. It so happens that when he tried to commit suicide at Yan Men Guan he managed to land in a tree instead of dying. Him and Murong Bo are responsible for many of the mysterious deaths that occur throughout the story.

Sweeper Monk - An unknown persona within the Shaolin temple that was outside the temple hierachy but had unbelievably powerful martial arts skills. He was able to "kill" Xiao Yuanshan and Murong Bo with one hit, but was wounded by Xiao Feng's blow. Near the end of the series, both Xiao Yuanshan and Murong Bo forget their hatred and become the sweeper monk's disciples.

List of various sects, famous families, and groups

Shaolin Temple

Tianlong (Heavenly Dragon) Temple

Beggars Sect

Xiaoyao Sect

Xingxiu Sect

Murong Family

Duan Family

附：

降龙十八掌的名称大半出自易经，以乾卦最多。以下为原文及其英译。 降龙十八掌 Eighteen Stages to Subdue a Dragon

第一式：亢龙有悔 The dragon exceeding the proper limits (乾卦)

第二式：飞龙在天 The dragon on the wing in the sky（乾卦）

第三式：现龙在田 The dragon appearing in the field（乾卦）

第四式：鸿渐于陆 The geese gradually advanced to the dry plains (渐卦) 第五式：潜龙勿用 The dragon lying hid (in the deep)（乾卦）

第六式：利涉大川 It will be advantageous to cross the great stream (需卦等) 第七式：突如其来 How abrupt the coming is! (离卦)

第八式：震惊百里 Terrifying all within a hundred lǐ (震卦)

第九式：或跃在渊 (The dragon looking) as if he were leaping up, but still in the deep (乾卦)

第十式：双龙取水 Two dragons absorbing water (出处不详，四库全书亦无此词，或为自造)

第十一式：鱼跃于渊 The fishes leap in the deep (《诗经·大雅·文王之什·旱麓》) 第十二式：时乘六龙 Driving those six dragons at the proper times（乾卦文言） 第十三式：密云不雨 (There are) dense clouds without rain（小畜卦等） 第十四式：损则有孚 To diminish leads to others’ trust. (损卦：损：有孚) 第十五式：龙战于野 Dragons fighting in the wild (坤卦)

第十六式：履霜冰至 Treading on hoarfrost; the ice will come (坤卦)

第十七式：羝羊触蕃(“藩”) A ram butting against a fence (大壮卦)

第十八式：神龙摆尾 A godly dragon swinging his tail (自造)

该式初名“履虎尾”，即Treading on the tail of a tiger (履卦)

以上十八式名称参考百度百科。译文中《周易》《诗经》有明文的，都出自汉学家理雅各（James Legge，1815-1897) 之手，若干经我调整。其余为拙译。 理雅各是19世纪苏格兰来华新教传教士，重要的汉藉翻译家，几乎译遍了儒道经典。所译的《Chinese Classics》，收录四书五经，其译之全之精在英语汉学界至今无超越者，为欧美人所珍视。