大学英语六级翻译(三)
中国有一句俗语叫做“不孝有三,无后为大”。但现在,很多时尚的年轻夫妇选择不生育孩子的生活方式,组建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻担心无法给孩子提供优越的生活条件,选择成为丁克家庭。现在,孩子的教育费用比过去高很多。在大城市,送孩子上好一点的幼儿园要花费巨资,重点中小学的学费更高。还有一些夫妻成为丁克家庭是迫不得已。当他们做好准备生育孩子时,已经错过了最佳生育年龄。
A popular saying has it that “There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants. ”But now, it is quite fashionable for many young couples to choose a lifestyle without kids and organize the DINK family. Some couples who choose DINK family are fearful that they cannot provide favorable living conditions for children. Nowadays, the cost of educating a child is much higher than that of the past. In a big city, to send a child to a better kindergarten takes a large amount of money and the key primary or secondary schools are even more expensive. Some couples who have chosen DINK family are obliged to do so. When they make preparations for having a baby, it is a pity that they have missed the most fertile years.
不孝有三,无后为大。There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.
时尚的 fashionable
生活方式 lifestyle
丁克家庭 DINK family
担心 fearful
优越的 favorable
重点中小学 the key primary or secondary school
迫不得已 be obliged to do sth.
做好准备 make preparations for
尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节,神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy),但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色,其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时,显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中,对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则,而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来,这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。
Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant. When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent. In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength, while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.
1. 神话人物:可译为mythological figures。
2. 系统的家谱:可译为systematic genealogy。其中systematic 意为系统的,是system 的形容词形式。
3. 其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神:将此句译为定语从句among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant,承接前一句,可以使译文结构更加紧凑,逻辑更加清晰。
The SEC offers a huge carrot to encourage whistle-blowers
美国证券交易委员会高额悬赏鼓励举报人
"TOO many people remain silent in the face of fraud," says Mary Schapiro, the chairman of America's Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC). On May 25th she announced new rules to encourage corporate whistle-blowing. Inducements will include cash: 10-30% of fines of over $1m that result from tip-offs. The US Chamber of Commerce, a business lobby, calls it a "bounty programme" that will reward "amateur sleuths in search of a big payday". It is threatening legal action to block it.
" 太多人在面对欺诈行为时选择了沉默。" 美国证券交易委员会(SEC)主席Mary Schapiro感叹道。5月25日,她公布了鼓励举报公司犯罪的新规定。举报的奖励将会包含现金:如果举报产生了100万美元以上的罚款,那么举报人可获得罚款金额的10-30%。企业游说组织美国商会将其称作" 赏金计划" ,奖励那些盼着一夜暴富的业余侦探。其威胁性会导致有人采取法律行动来阻止这一计划。
The new rules were required by the Dodd-Frank act, Congress's response to the financial crisis, which was passed last year. They follow an earlier effort to encourage employees to speak up. After Enron, an energy firm, collapsed in a flurry of fraud, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley act in 2002 which, among other things, protected whistle-blowers from retaliation.
国会为应对金融危机在去年通过了多德佛兰克金融改革法案(Dodd-Frank act) ,这些新规定是应该法案的要求制定的。同时也延续了早就开始的鼓励公司员工站出来举报的做法。在能源公司安然(Enron)在连串的欺诈案件中轰然倒下之后,国会采取的善后措施中就包括通过了萨班-奥克利法案(Sarbanes-Oxley act)保护举报人免遭报复。
Employees have never found it easy to squeal on employers. Perhaps the most celebrated of corporate whistle-blowers, Sherron Watkins, a former executive at Enron, never went public with her prediction that the company might be brought down by fraud. She reported her concerns internally, and was ignored.
员工举报老板从来就不是件容易事。最著名的举报人,安然公司前高官Sherron Watkins,可能从没有将她对于公司会因诈骗倒闭的预测公布于众。她只是在公司内部提出了她的担忧,但是没有人理睬。
When the SEC released draft rules in November, businesses fretted that the financial rewards would prompt insiders to go straight to the commission, bypassing their firms' internal procedures —especially since that would reduce the risk of being victimized by the boss or branded a "disgruntled employee". The new rules try to correct this, for example by allowing a reward to be paid in some circumstances to whistle-blowers who only grumble internally.
当证券交易委员会在去年11月公布规定的草案时,公司担心金钱奖励会促使内部知情人越过内部程序直接向委员会举报,因为这样会降低被老板陷害或者被贴上" 不满员工" 标签的风险。新出台的规定试图改变这一状况,比如规定在一些情况下可以奖励只在内部举报没有外传的员工。
The chance of making a fortune may encourage speculative whistle-blowing in the hope of winning the lottery. Ms Schapiro's new Office of the Whistle blower may be deluged with useless tips. But even that might be better than the status quo.
靠举报发财的机会也许会刺激一心想发财的投机式举报。Schapiro 女士的新举报官可能会被无效的线索淹没。但是即使是这样也好过现状。
低碳经济
面对日益严重的环境问题,低碳经济越来越引起世界各国的关注。对于低碳经济的界定虽各有不同,但有一点是没有争议的。人们普遍承认,低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式,是人类社会继农业文明、工业文明之后的又一次重大进步。低碳经济实质上是能源高效利用、清洁能源开发、追求绿色GDP 的问题,核心是能源技术和减排技术创新、产业结构和制度创新以及人类生存发展观念的根本性转变。在我国经济发展的关键时期,更加协调低碳经济与发展的关系,保护地球的生态环境,事关中国人民乃至全世界人民的福祉。
Facing the increasingly serious environmental problems, low-carbon economy attracts more and more attention of the countries all over the world. For the definition of low-carbon economy is different, but one thing is not controversial. It is widely acknowledged that low-carbon economy is a economical model on the basis of low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission, a major progress of human society following agriculture civilization, industrial civilization. In essence, low-carbon economy is efficiently use of energy, development of clean energy and pursuit of green GDP, with the core of energy technology and emission reduction technology innovation, industrial structure and system innovation, and the fundamental shift of human’s survival and development ideas. In the critical period of economic development in our country, to further coordinate the relationship between low-carbon economy and the development, protect the ecological environment of the earth, is about the well-being of the Chinese people and the people all over the world as well.
庐山瀑布群
庐山瀑布群是中国最秀丽的十大瀑布之一,坐落于江西省九江市庐山。历代诸多文人骚客在此赋诗题词,赞颂其壮观雄伟,给庐山瀑布群带来了极高的声誉。最有名的当属唐代诗人李白的《题庐山瀑布》,已成千古绝唱。据考证,庐山之名,早在周朝就有了。古人对千里平川上竟突兀出一座如此高耸秀美的庐山,山上又有众多的瀑布溪流,曾感到迷惑不解。于是,就编了许多神话故事,来解释庐山及其泉瀑的来历,其中秦始皇赶山塞海的故事,就是其中一个。
Lushan Waterfall Group, one of the top ten most beautiful waterfalls, is located at Lushan in Jiu Jiang City of Jiang Xi province. Here, numerous ancient literatus composed poetry or wrote inscriptions to eulogize its magnificent, which brought it a high reputation. The most famous poems, Gazing at the Cascade on Lushan, wrote by the Tang dynasty poet Li Bai, which has become eternal. According to research, the name of Lushan, existed as early as the Zhou dynasty. Ancient people felt puzzle about the towering beautiful mountain bulged out over the great plain with many streams and waterfalls, thus they made up a lot of fairy tales to explain the origin of Lushan and its streams and waterfalls. One of the tales is Qin Shihuang mountain-chasing and sea-filling.
人们把通往成功的路称作阶梯,因为你需要不停地往上攀爬才能达到某个地方。但它不是自动扶梯,你不能只是站在上面并期待它直接将你运上去,你必须自己亲自往上爬。有时候会很容易,有时候你要肩负重担往上去。但是梯子并没有变,成功仍然在另一头等着你。你需要作出决定,坚持不懈往上爬,并翻越恐惧那道墙。恐惧是你最大的障碍:害怕失败,害怕他人的评判,这些障碍会经常绊倒你,会让你在看似正确的时候作出决定,但实际上它们却阻碍了你真正达到成功的巅峰。
The road to success is called ladder. Because you need to climb it to get somewhere. Yet it is not an escalator which can send you to the destination you want directly. For the ladder, you have to climb it by yourself. Sometimes it will be easy, while sometimes it will be difficult because of the heavy load on you shoulders. The ladder is there as the same, and success still waits for you on the other side. What you need to do is to climb it continually with persistence and overcome fear. Fear is your biggest obstacle to success. Fear of failure, fear of the judgment of other people. It will trip you up. It will lead you to make decisions at the seemingly right time, but in fact, it prevent you from arriving at the climax of success.
党的十八大以来,习近平总书记发表了一系列重要讲话、文章、访谈,形成了富有个性的话语风格。善于用典是其特点之一。习近平总书记经常运用古代诗词中的经典名句,说明当今人们生活实践中的重大问题,不断激活中华民族优秀传统文化基因,赋予其鲜明的时代内涵。诗词作为中国文化的一块瑰宝,不仅仅被一代代中国人传颂,也被翻译成了英语,被外国人引用。“多少事,从来急; 天地转,光阴迫。一万年太久,只争朝夕! ”现在就是我们只争朝夕传承中国古典文化的时候了。
Since the convening of the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important speeches, essays and interviews with an individualistic discourse style. Citing allusion is one of its characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping often uses the classic sentences in ancient poetry to show the major issues in the living practice of today’s people and to continually activate the Chinese nation’s outstanding traditional culture genes, which gives it a distinct connotation of the time. As a treasure of Chinese culture, ancient poetry is not just widely celebrated by generations of Chinese people, also has been translated into English and referenced by foreigners. “So many deeds cry out to be done, and always urgently; the world rolls on, time presses. Ten thousand years are too long; seize the day, seize the hour!” This is the hour for us to keep and inherit our traditional culture.
丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是中国古代最著名的贸易路线。在这条路上运输的商品中,丝绸占很大部分,因此得名“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路起点始于长安。终点远达印度、罗马等国家。丝绸之路从汉代开始形成,到唐代达到鼎盛,骆驼曾是丝绸之路上的主要交通工具。中国的造纸、印刷等伟大发明通过这条路传播到了西方,而佛教等宗教也被引入中国。丝绸之路不仅仅是古代国际贸易路线,更是连接亚洲、非洲、欧洲的文化桥梁。
The Silk Road is the most well-known trade route in ancient China. It got its name because silk comprised a large proportion of commodities transported along this road. The Silk Road extended from Chang'an to countries as far as India and Rome. It came into being during the Han Dynasty and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. With camels being the major means of transportation, great inventions in China, such as paper-making and printing were spread to the Western world along this road and religions like Buddhism were also introduced to China. The Silk Road was not only an ancient international trade route, but also a cultural bridge linking Asia with Africa and Europe.
自古以来,和平就是人类最持久的夙愿。和平像阳光一样温暖、像雨露一样滋润。有了阳光雨露,万物才能茁壮成长。有了和平稳定,人类才能更好实现自己的梦想。历史告诉我们,和平是需要争取的,和平是需要维护的。只有人人都珍惜和平、维护和平,只有人人都记取战争的惨痛教训,和平才是有希望的。历史是最好的老师,它忠实记录下每一个国家走过的足迹,也给每一个国家未来的发展提供启示。中国人历来讲求“己所不欲,勿施于人”。中国需要和平,就像人需要空气一样,就像万物生长需要阳光一样。
Since time immemorial, peace has been people’s most enduring aspiration. Peace is as warm as sunshine and as moist as rain and dew with which all things on earth could thrive. Only with peace and stability can human beings realize their dreams better. Historical experience tells us that peace need to be striven for safeguarded. Peace can be hopeful only when everyone cherish and maintain it and always remember painful lessons of the war. History is the best teacher who keeps a fair of the paths that all countries have traveled and provided enlightenment for their future development. Chinese people are particular about “Don ’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you” all long. Peace is to China what air is to people as well as sunshine is to all things growing.
世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年
今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年,也是中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年。中国人民浴血奋战14年,最终取得了世界反法西斯战争的伟大胜利。为保护人类文明、捍卫世界和平做出巨大贡献。中国希望同广大同盟国共同回顾总结历史,展望开辟未来,坚定铭记历史、永不再战的庄严承诺,构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系,让世界更加和平,更加和谐,更加美好。
It is the 70th anniversary of both the world's anti-fascism war and the victory of China's Resistance War against Japanese Aggression this year. The Chinese people finally achieved the great victory of the anti-fascist war of the world after an everlasting bloody battle for 14 years. They made a great contribution for the protection of human civilization and the dependence of the world peace. China hopes to review history and look forward to the future together with its allies. To insist on remembering the history and the promise of never to fight will be their common goal. Only in this way can they build a brand new international relation, with win-win cooperation as its core, and make the world a more peaceful, more harmonious, more beautiful place to live in.
春节是中国人一年中的第一个传统佳节。过去,春节被称为“新年”,因为按照中国一直沿用的农历,这天是正月初一,为新一年的开头。据记载,中国人民过春节已有4000多年的历史,它是由虞舜兴起的。公元前两千多年的一天,舜即天子位,带领着部下人员,祭拜天地。从此,人们就把这一天当作岁首,算是正月初一。据说这就是农历新年的由来,后来叫春节。1911年辛亥革命后,中国采用公历纪年,农历新年便改称“春节”。
Spring Festival is the first traditional festival for the Chinese people. In the past years, Spring Festival was called “new year”, for this day was the first day of the lunar month according to the lunar calendar which had long been used in China, so it was the beginning of a new year. It is recorded that Chinese people have celebrated Spring Festival for more than 4000 years, which was started by Yu Shun. One day as far back as 2000 B.C, Shun was inaugurated as the emperor. He led his men to hold a ceremony in honor of Heaven and Earth. From then on, people saw that day as the beginning of the year, i.e. the first day of the lunar month. This is said to be the origin of the lunar new year, which was called Spring Festival later. After the Revolution of 1911, China began to number the years according to the Gregorian calendar, and it was then that the lunar new year began to be called Spring Festival
文化是一个非常广泛的概念,给它下一个严格和精确的定义是一件非常困难的事情。笼统地说,文化是一种社会现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物,同时又是一种历史现象,是社会历史的积淀物(sediment)。确切地说,文化是能够被传承的国家或民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等,是人类之间进行交流的普遍认可的一种能够传承的意识形态(ideology)。
Culture is a very broad concept, and it is extremely difficult to define it strictly and exactly. Generally speaking, culture is a social phenomenon, which is a product created by people for ages. And it is also a historical phenomenon, which is sediment of social history. To be exact, culture is national and ethnic history, geography, local customs and practices, traditional custom, lifestyles, literature and arts, behavioral norms, the way of thinking, values and so on, which can be inherited. And it is also a kind of ideology of inheritance, which is widely recognized in communication of human beings.
人们长期创造形成的产物 a product created by people for ages
确切地说 to be exact (=exactly speaking 注:由于前文用到了generally speaking,故本处换种表达方式。)
风土人情 local customs and practices
医患关系
医患关系是一种人际互动,而且医生也是人。他们不想让病人心烦,也不想让病人难过或流泪。但他们也需要成为专业人士,所以他们需要找一种有效的沟通方式。
对于医生们来说,认识到这一点是至关重要的。因为尽管谎言是善意的,但研究表明病人们更喜欢真相,他们宁可听到坏消息,也不愿意对对糟糕的身体状况一无所知。完全知情是病人能对所要发生的任何事情进行处理和做好准备的一种途径。
The doctor-patient relationship is a human interaction, and doctors are human too. They don ’t want to upset their patients, and neither do they want their patients to look unhappy or shed tears. But they also need to be professionals, so they need to find out an effective way of communicating.
That ’s critical for doctors to realize, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, studies show that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear bad news than remain ignorant about a terrible physical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can cope and prepare for whatever might occur.
医患关系 the doctor-patient relationship
他们不想让病人心烦,也不想让病人难过或流泪。They don’t want to upset their patients, and neither do they want their patients to look unhappy or shed tears.(注:注意这句话的翻译以及neither 的用法。)
善意的 well-intentioned
宁可听到坏消息,也不愿意对对糟糕的身体状况一无所知 would rather hear bad news than remain ignorant about a terrible physical condition(注:注意这句话的翻译以及would rather...than...的用法,后面都用动词原形。)
如何与病人沟通
医生该如何学习诚实对待他们的病人呢? 进行更多关于如何与病人沟通其健康状况的培训是极其重要的——尤其是在告知(deliver)坏消息时。如果检查结果对病人的健康没有影响的话,医生们可能不会把略有异常的实验室检查结果告诉给焦虑的病人。相反地,医生也许会夸大(exaggerate ) 正常的结果,希望能刺激病人更好地照顾自己。而病人们也需要清楚并确定他们所期望的医生的诚实度。毕竟,即便在医生的办公室里,交流也是双向的。
How can doctors learn to be honest with their patients? More training about how to communicate with patients about their health is critical—especially when it comes to delivering bad news. Doctors may not tell the anxious patients the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, if it has no impact on the patient’s health.Conversely, they might exaggerate a normal result in hopes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself. Patients also need to be clear and certain about how honest they want their doctors to be. Communication is a two-way street, after all, even in the doctor’s office.
极其重要的 critical
尤其是在告知(deliver)坏消息时 when it comes to delivering bad news (注:注意come to的用法。come to sth. 其中的一个意思就是“当达到某种状况(尤指不好的状况) 时”。)
如果检查结果对病人的健康没有影响的话,医生们可能不会把略有异常的实验室检查结果告诉给焦虑的病人。Doctors may not tell the anxious patients the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, if it has no impact on the patient’s health.(注:注意这句话的翻译顺序,及检查结果重复出现时,翻译时可译为it 。)
希望能刺激病人更好地照顾自己 in hopes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself
清楚并确定 be clear and certain
双向的 a two-way street
计量
计量,古称度量衡,是实现单位制统一,保证量值准确可靠的活动,是现代国家经济、科技、社会发展的重要基础。计量历史悠久,关系国计民生。公元前221年秦朝建立,秦始皇统一度量衡,成为中国古代统一计量制度的里程碑。1875年5月20日《米制公约》的签署,开辟了全球范围内推行国际单位制的近代计量新纪元。以量子物理为基础的现代计量科学技术的研究与应用,为人类文明发展提供了更加精准的现代计量技术保障。1999年第21届国际计量大会决定:自2000年起,每年5月20日为“世界计量日”。2015年世界计量日的中国宣传主题与国际主题一致,为“计量与光”。
Measurement, which is called metrology in ancient times, is the important foundation of social development of the modern countries’ economy, science and technology. It has a long history and plays an important role in national welfare and the people's livelihood. Established in 221 BC, in the Qin dynasty, Qinshihuang unified weights and measures, and became a unified system for the measurement of milestone in ancient China. On May 20th, 1875, the signing of the convention on metric, opened up a worldwide to implement new era of modern international system of units of measurement. Based on quantum physics, research and application of modern measurement science and technology, provides more accurate modern metrology technical support for the development of human civilization. In 1999, the 21st international conference on measurement made a decision that since 2000, May 20 is for "World Metrology Day". China's propaganda theme of 2015 is in line with international theme for "measurement and light".
3D 眼镜帮助医生在看不清双手的时候进行外科手术。如今戴着3D 眼镜的并非只有电影爱好者,一项新研究表明3D 眼镜也能让医生获益。过去,医生对于工作中使用3D 技术持怀疑态度,他们更愿意依靠自身经验。但由于3D 眼镜或者甚至不需要眼镜的3D 技术,这种情况可能要有所改变了。在行业人士的资助下,对50场手术的研究发现新技术的使用提高了手术的精准性与速度。
3D glasses help doctors perform surgery when their hands are obscured from view. Moviegoers are not the only ones wearing 3D glasses nowadays. A new study suggests that doctors could benefit from them, too. In the past, doctors have been skeptical of using 3D technology in their work, preferring to rely on their own experience. But that may change, thanks to improved 3D glasses and even glasses-free technology. Funded by industry sponsors, the study of 50 surgeons finds that use of the new technology improves surgical precision and speed.
进行外科手术 perform surgery
对……持怀疑态度 be skeptical of...
更愿意依靠自身经验 prefer to rely on their own experience(注意该句同用一个主语,后一个动词用动词的现在分词形式)
提高手术的精准性与速度 improve surgical precision and speed
端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival),又称重五节,于每年农历五月初五庆祝。 这是广泛流传2000多年的民间节日,也是中国最重要的节日之一。端午节当天举行各种庆祝活动,吃粽子和赛龙舟(dragon boat racing)是其中的重要习俗。关于端午节的起源,有很多传说。一部分人认为端午节是为了纪念诗人屈原,另一部分人则认为是为了纪念战国时期的著名将领伍子胥。然而,屈原的传说流传最广。人们非常欣赏这位爱国诗人的高尚情操和出众才华,更对他投江自尽的结局深表同情。
The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on May 5th on lunar calendar. It is a folk festival widely spread with a history of over 2,000 years, and is one of the most important Chinese festivals as well. There are various celebrating activities on that day, among which the customs of eating rice dumplings and dragon boat racing are quite important. There are many legends on the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival.Some people think it is to commemorate the poet Qu Yuan, while others say it is to be in honor of Wu Zixu, a famous general during the Warring States period. However, the legend of Qu Yuan spreads most widely. People appreciate highly the noble sentiment and prominent talent of this patriotic poet and are very sympathetic with the ending that he committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.
1. 广泛流传:可使用词组widely spread表达。
2. 民间节日:即folk festival, folk意为“民间的”。
3. 端午节当天举行各种庆祝活动:使用there be句式更为简洁,译为There are various celebrating activities on that day。
4. 粽子:可译为rice dumplings,也可以直接用zongzi 。
5. 纪念:可译为commemorate 或 in honor of。
6. 高尚情操:可译为noble sentiment。
7. 出众才华:可译为prominent talent。其中prominent 意为“出众的,杰出的”。
8. 投江自尽:可译为 commit suicide by drowning oneself in a river。其中 commit suicide 意“自杀”。
9. 深表向情:“对…表示同情”可译为be sympathetic with。
端午节,又叫龙舟节,是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣(minister),他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤(vilify)而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方,抛下粽子,希望鱼儿吃粽子,不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来,端午节的特色在于吃粽子(glutinous dumplings)和赛龙舟,尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。
The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan's body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.
中国人对玉(jade) —向有着特殊的尊爱之情,从而延伸发展出一种优秀而古老的玉石文化。作为配饰供人赏玩是玉器的原始功能之一,也是玉器最广泛的一种用途。玉器作为一种文物,它也是历史的见证,有着不可复制的唯一性,更为当今世人所器重。玉器从一种美化生活的装饰品,到简单的生产工具,然后被融入各种礼节(ritual)内容,被人格化、道德化,继而被看成是财富的象征、宗教图 腾(totem)的崇拜……这些无不反映出中国传统文化和中华民族爱玉的心理。
Chinese people always show special respect and love for jade, thus deriving and excellent and ancient jade culture. Being used for decoration and admiration is one of the original functions of jade, and is also the most widely used one. As a cultural relic,jade is also the witness of history,the uniqueness of which cannot be copied,making it valued more by people around the world today. From ornaments that beautify our life ,to simple instrument of production, and then being integrated into a variety of rituals, jade has been personified, moralized and further regarded as a symbol of wealth and worship for religious totems …All of these reflect Chinese traditional culture and Chinese people s love for jade.
1. 延伸发展出:即“衍生出”,翻译时可以使用derive —词来表达。
2. 配饰供人赏玩:“配饰”可译为decoration, “赏玩”可译为admiration 。
3. 历史的见证:可译为the witness of history。
4. 美化生活的装饰品:可译为ornaments that beautify our life。
5. 融入:可译为integrate into或blend into。
6. 被人格化、道德化:可译为be personified and moralized。
7. 宗教图腾的崇拜:可译为worship for religious totems。
8. 反映出:可译为reflect, 或者使用mirror —词来表达。
唐朝时期,人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln),烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain) 。青白瓷色彩晶莹,有“人造玉器”的美称,因而远近闻名,并大量出口欧洲。当时,欧洲人还不会制造瓷器,因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。 在欧洲,昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品,人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。因此,欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。久而久之,欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了,只记得它是“瓷器”,即“中国”了。
In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish white porcelain in Changnan. The bluish white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amount. At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain from China ,especially from Changnan ,was warmly welcomed. In Europe,porcelain from Changnan was luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would make people feel very proud. In this way,Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production,China. Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan ,only remembering it is “china ”,namely “China ”.
1. 烧制出一种青白瓷:可译为make bluish white porcelain, 烧制可译为 make ,“青白色的”可译为bluish white。
2. 色彩晶萤:可译为glittering, 意为“闪闪发光的”。
3. 远近闻名:可译为be famous home and abroad。
4. 以…为荣:即be proud of,文中译为…make people feel proud。
5. 久而久之:理解为“逐渐地”,可用gradually 来表达。
6. 只记得它是瓷器:根据前后句,本句可译为only remembering it is “china ”, 用现在分词作状语来表达。