陕西省水资源保护规划

陕西水资源综合规划专题四

项目编号：SZG—04

陕西省水资源保护规划

陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院

二○○六年十月•西安

目 录

1 总 论 ···································································································································· 1

1.1 目的和意义················································································································ 1

1.2 规划依据和标准 ······································································································· 2

1.3 规划原则 ···················································································································· 3

1.4 规划范围 ···················································································································· 4

1.5 规划水平年·············································································· 错误！未定义书签。

1.6 规划目标 ·················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

1.7 规划技术路线 ········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 2 自然环境和社会经济 ······································································ 错误！未定义书签。

2.1 自然环境 ·················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

2.2 社会经济 ·················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

2.3 水资源及开发利用状况 ························································· 错误！未定义书签。 3 水资源分区与水功能区划分 ························································· 错误！未定义书签。

3.1 水资源分区·············································································· 错误！未定义书签。

3.2 水功能区划分 ········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 4 水质现状评价及趋势分析 ······························································ 错误！未定义书签。

4.1 水质监测站·············································································· 错误！未定义书签。

4.2 地表水水化学特征 ································································· 错误！未定义书签。

4.3 地表水现状水质评价 ····························································· 错误！未定义书签。

4.4 水质趋势分析 ········································································· 错误！未定义书签。

4.5 水功能区达标分析 ································································ 错误！未定义书签。

4.6 地表水供水水源地水质评价 ················································· 错误！未定义书签。 5 污染源调查与评价 ·········································································· 错误！未定义书签。

5.1 点源调查与评价····································································· 错误！未定义书签。

5.2 面源污染 ················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

5.3 点源、面源关系分析 ···························································· 错误！未定义书签。

5.4 水污染危害 ············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 6 污染源排放量及入河量预测 ························································· 错误！未定义书签。

6.1 预测技术思路及方法 ···························································· 错误！未定义书签。

6.2 预测参数 ················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

6.3 预测成果及分析····································································· 错误！未定义书签。

6.4 规划水平年污染源入河量预测············································ 错误！未定义书签。 7 纳污能力分析 ··················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

7.1 水功能区纳污能力定义 ························································ 错误！未定义书签。

7.2 计算范围 ················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

7.3 计算方法 ················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

7.4 计算模型 ················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

7.5 参数确定 ················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

7.6 规划水平年纳污能力计算 ···················································· 错误！未定义书签。

7.7 纳污能力计算结果 ································································ 错误！未定义书签。 8 污染物控制量和削减量分析 ························································· 错误！未定义书签。

8.1 污染物入河控制原则 ···························································· 错误！未定义书签。

8.2 污染物入河控制量及削减量计算成果 ······························· 错误！未定义书签。

8.3 污染物入河控制量和削减量计算成果分析 ······················· 错误！未定义书签。

8.4 污染物排放控制量和削减量成果分析 ······························· 错误！未定义书签。

8.5 污染物控制量和削减量变化趋势分析 ······························· 错误！未定义书签。 9 规划措施 ··························································································· 错误！未定义书签。

9.1 水污染防治措施····································································· 错误！未定义书签。

9.2 地表水水质监测····································································· 错误！未定义书签。 10 投资估算 ························································································· 错误！未定义书签。 10.1 编制原则 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 10.2 投资估算 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 11 地下水保护措施 ············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 ii

11.1 地下水开发利用现状 ·························································· 错误！未定义书签。 11.2 地下水水质状况 ··································································· 错误！未定义书签。 11.3 地下水污染现状 ··································································· 错误！未定义书签。 11.4 地下水保护目标 ··································································· 错误！未定义书签。 11.5 控制地下水位措施 ······························································ 错误！未定义书签。 11.6 地下水污染防治措施 ·························································· 错误！未定义书签。 12 与水相关的生态环境保护与修复 ··············································· 错误！未定义书签。 12.1 地面沉降与地裂缝防治措施（水引发的环境地质问题）错误！未定义书签。 12.2 湿地现状与保护措施 ·························································· 错误！未定义书签。 12.3 荒漠化现状与防治对策 ······················································ 错误！未定义书签。 12.4 三门峡库区生态环境问题与对策措施 ····························· 错误！未定义书签。 12.5 渭河生态环境保护对策 ······················································ 错误！未定义书签。 13 结论与建议 ····················································································· 错误！未定义书签。 13.1 结论 ······················································································· 错误！未定义书签。 13.2 建议 ······················································································· 错误！未定义书签。

附 图

附图1 陕西省水资源分区图

附图2 陕西省河流一级功能区划图”

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前 言

水是生命之源，是地球上一切生物赖以生存和发展的物质基础，是生态系统最活跃的控制性要素。水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源，我省水资源短缺，国民经济各个部门都需要提供供水的安全保障，水环境和生态系统也需要有足够的水量来维持。随着经济发展和社会的进步，水已逐步从农业的命脉发展成为工业、城市和整个国民经济建设与生态环境建设的命脉，它深刻地影响着经济社会生活的各个方面，直接关系到我省经济发展、社会稳定和经济社会的可持续发展。

为了认真贯彻落实国家新时期的治水思路和治水方针，全面落实国家实施可持续发展的战略要求，适应经济社会发展和水资源开发利用形势的变化，着力解决我省水资源短缺、生态环境恶化等重大水问题。依据《全国水资源综合规划任务书》、《全国水资源综合规划技术大纲》、《全国水资源综合规划技术细则》等文件，2003年元月，陕西省水资源综合规划编制工作领导小组办公室对全省的水资源综合规划工作进行了总体安排和布置，并将规划项目分解为《陕西省水资源综合规划总报告》和《陕西省水资源调查评价》、《陕西省水资源开发利用情况调查评价》、《陕西省节约用水规划》、《陕西省水资源保护规划》、《陕西省水资源供需预测与优化配置》等五个专题。

《陕西省水资源保护规划》是专题之四。项目正式开始于2003年3月，整个工作阶段分为现状和配置两阶段，并始终与全国的总进度保持一致。规划过程中，在黄河与长江两个流域的技术指导下，结合我省实际情况，完成了现状基础成果和规划成果，并及时上报流域汇总，基本上满足了《全国水资源综合规划》和两大流域对阶段工作的要求。

本专题的主要成果有：《陕西省水资源保护规划》专题报告、报告附图2张、附表1套。

本次规划在陕西省水资源综合规划领导小组的领导下，得到了水利厅及其它厅局的大力支持，使本项工作比较顺利的完成，在此一致表示感谢。

由于工作经费紧张，资料所限，而且规划涉及范围大面广，工作历时长，规划中难免有不足之处，敬请领导、专家指正，并提出宝贵意见，以便在今后工作中进一步完善。

1 总 论

1.1 目的和意义

水是人类活动和一切生产活动都离不开的重要自然资源和构成环境的基本要素，也是经济发展和社会进步的生命线，还是实现可持续发展的重要物质基础。我国水资源总量不算少，但水资源在时空分布上很不均匀，水土资源组合又极不均衡。随着国民经济的快速发展和水资源供求状况的变化，由于水资源的过度使用和保护不够导致的水资源匮乏和水污染日趋严重，已成为国家经济发展的制约因素。

“中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十个计划和十一个五年纲要”全面深刻地阐述了党中央、国务院新时期的治水方针，把水资源列为国家发展中的三大战略资源之一，把水资源可持续利用提升为我国经济社会发展的战略问题。《纲要》明确指出：要顺应自然规律，调整治水思路，从注重水资源开发利用向水资源节约、保护和优化配置转变；要高度重视水资源的可持续利用，加强规划与管理，搞好江河全流域水资源的合理配置，协调生活、生产和生态用水，加强江河源头的水源保护。

为了落实国家新时期的治水方针，着力解决水资源短缺、生态环境恶化对经济社会发展严重制约的重大水问题，全面实现可持续发展战略，水利部和国家计委联合发布水规计[2002]83号文“关于开展全国水资源综合规划编制工作的通知”，要求在全国范围内开展水资源综合规划。根据部署，陕西省同时开展水资源开发、利用、配置、节约、保护和治理的规划工作。

陕西省是一个严重缺水的省份。随着社会和国民经济的发展，对水的需求量愈来愈大，对水资源质量的要求也越来越高。然而水资源严重短缺，水污染在局部范围有恶化趋势，与区域社会、经济高速发展的形势很不适应，因此根据我省水资源开发利用现状和发展目标，及时开展陕西省水资源保护是一项十分必要和紧迫的工作。

本次水资源保护规划，从以往孤立的、被动的防治转为综合的、主动的控制，将水资源保护纳入整个社会经济发展之中，全盘考虑、统筹规划、综合管理。可

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以说编制陕西省水资源保护规划是全省社会经济可持续发展的要求；是实行水资源统一管理和保护、实现水资源优化配置、改善和提高水环境质量及宏观决策的科学依据。

1.2 规划依据和标准

1.2.1 规划依据

（1）《中华人民共和国水法》(2002年)；

（2）《中华人民共和国环境保护法》(1989年)；

（3）《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》(1996年)；

（4）《中华人民共和国河道管理条例》(1998年)；

（5）《饮用水源保护区污染防治管理规定》(1989年)；

（6）《陕西省国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》（2001年）；

（7）《陕西省国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年计划纲要》（2006年）；

（8）《关于开展全国水资源综合规划编制工作的通知》（水利部水规计[2002]83号文）；

（9）《关于印发水资源综合配置阶段工作指导意见的通知》（发改委、水利部办公厅发改办地区[2005]742号）；

（10）《全国水资源综合规划技术大纲》；

（11）《全国水资源综合规划技术细则》；

（12）《长江流域水资源综合规划技术大纲》；

（13）《长江流域水资源综合规划技术细则》；

（14）《长江流域(片)地表水资源保护规划配置阶段有关问题技术方法》；

（15）《黄河流域水资源综合规划技术大纲》；

（16）《黄河流域水资源综合规划技术细则》；

（17）《黄河流域(片)地表水资源保护规划配置阶段技术要求》；

（18）《陕西省环境保护“十五”计划和2010年规划》；

（19）《陕西省水资源资源开发利用规划》；

（20）《中国水功能区划》；

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（21）《陕西省水功能区划》；

（22）《全国水资源分区》；

（23）《陕西省水资源综合规划分区》。

1.2.2 采用规范与标准

（1）《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）；

（2）《地下水环境质量标准》(GB/T14848-93)；

（3）《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-85)；

（4）《渔业水质标准》(GB11607-89)；

（5）《景观娱乐用水水质标准》(GB12941-91)；

（6）《农田灌溉水质标准》(GB5084-92)；

（7）《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)；

（8）《制定地方水污染物排放标准的技术原则和方法》(GB3839-83)；

（9）《自然保护区类型与级别划分原则》(GB/T14529-93)；

（10）《水环境监测规范》（SL219－98）；

（11）《水利水电水文计算规范》（SDJ214-83）；

（12）《全国市政工程投资估算指标》。

1.3 规划原则

1.3.1 全面规划，分期实施

根据陕西省水资源现状和经济发展条件，对规划范围内的所有水体提出规划水平年内所应达到的水资源保护目标，包括地表水保护目标、地下水保护目标和与水相关的生态保护修复目标，制定相应的水资源保护措施，按规划水平年分阶段实施逐步实现水资源保护目标。

1.3.2 统筹兼顾，突出重点

本次水资源保护规划将陕西省境内长江、黄河的重要支流、水库及地下水作为一个大系统，全面规划，并统筹兼顾上下游、左右岸、近期和远期国民经济发

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展与水资源保护之间的关系。坚持水资源开发利用与保护并重的原则，统筹兼顾流域、区域水资源综合开发利用和国民经济发展规划。优先保护饮用水源区、集中式供水水源地等重点水域。

1.3.3 预防为主，综合防治

根据陕西省经济社会的实际情况，贯彻“预防为主，综合防治”的方针。对纳污能力尚宽余的区域，应合理安排产业结构布局，限制污染物排放，避免造成新污染；对纳污能力不足的区域，应优化产业结构布局，严格控制污染物排放量，使水体水质满足水功能区要求；对污染物排放量已超过了纳污能力的区域，调整产业结构，大力削减现有污染物排放量，遏止水污染进一步发展。

1.3.4 地表水与地下水相统一

在全省水资源系统中，地表水与地下水是紧密相联的，因此在水资源保护规划时要注意地表水与地下水统一规划，在保护好地表水资源的同时，充分重视地下水资源保护，为全省水资源全面统一管理提供科学决策依据。

1.3.5 突出实用可行、便于管理的原则

规划保护方案力求实用可行，可操作性强。规划以一、二级水功能区为基本单元，统计和预测入河废污水量及污染物排放量，制定污染物入河和排放控制方案，并按照水资源分区、行政分区与水功能区之间的对应关系，将规划成果归并到水资源三级区及行政区，便于以行政区界进行划分和管理。

1.4 规划范围

（1）地表水保护规划工作范围与水功能区划一致，规划范围为全河段。规划内容为补充和调整水功能区划，拟定水质目标；根据污染物现状调查和预测结果，结合河流水体纳污能力，制定不同水平年污染物入河控制总量和排放控制总量，计算入河削减量和排放削减量。规划河流共64条河流，其中黄河流域37条，长江流域27条。

黄河流域包括孤山川、黄甫川、窟野河、秃尾河、清涧河、仕望河、居水、

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长江流域包括嘉陵江、西汉水、八渡河、清泥河、小通江、汉江、玉带河、沮水、褒河、濂水河、冷水河、胥水河、子午河、牧马河、任河、岚河、月河、黄洋河、坝河、旬河、乾佑河、金钱河、堵河、天河、滔河、肖口河、丹江。

（2）地下水保护规划范围为城市集中式地下水饮用水源区、地下水生态环境恶化区（包括水位下降区、开采区、污染区）。

（3）与水相关的生态环境保护规划，主要有三门峡库区生态环境、湿地保护、渭河生态环境、土地荒漠化、地面沉降与地裂缝等。

根据水利部总体安排，本次保护规划以地表水资源保护为重点，进行详细全面的规划。考虑到规划的完整性，本次规划对地下水及与水相关的生态环境保护规划内容进行简要调查和分析。

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