[中华字经]中英注释(简体)
中 华 字 经 注 释 本
Chinese Character Canon Commentary
第一册
Volume One
中华字经国际书院
The Miktam of Chinese International Inc
中 华 字 经 注 释 本
Chinese Character Canon Commentary
第一册
Volume One
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Copyright 2007
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目录
Table of Contents
第1课 天 文.............................................................................................................................1
Lesson One Astronomy......................................................................................................1
第2课 地 理...........................................................................................................................5
Lesson Two Geography......................................................................................................5
第3课 人 伦...........................................................................................................................9
Lesson Three Ethics...........................................................................................................9
第4课 大 道.........................................................................................................................13
Lesson Four Principles.....................................................................................................13
第5课 历 史.........................................................................................................................17
Lesson Five History..........................................................................................................17
第6课 文 化.........................................................................................................................35
Lesson Six Culture............................................................................................................35
第7课 艺 术.........................................................................................................................47
Lesson Seven Art..............................................................................................................47
第8课 文 物.........................................................................................................................53
Lesson Eight Cultural Relics...........................................................................................53
第9课 品 行.........................................................................................................................59
Lesson Nine Morality.......................................................................................................59
第10课 建 筑.....................................................................................................................63
Lesson Ten Architecture..................................................................................................63
第11课 山 水...........................................................................................................................65
Lesson Eleven Landscape................................................................................................65
第12课 果木.............................................................................................................................69
Lesson Twelve Fruit Trees...............................................................................................69
第13课 动物.............................................................................................................................71
Lesson Thirteen Animals.................................................................................................71
汉字索引.....................................................................................................................................77
Index of Chinese Characters..............................................................................................77
第1课 天 文
Lesson One Astronomy
乾坤有序 宇宙无疆
乾[qián]坤[kūn]：中国最大的，也是最重要的一对哲学范畴。《周易》六十四卦的第一卦和第二卦。是促使万物发生变化的两种截然相反的物质的性质。乾之象为天，表示阳性，坤之象为地，表示阴性。乾坤强调的不是相互对立，而是相辅相成。乾始物，坤成物，乾和坤两种物质相互交感才能推动事物发生变化。因此乾坤又引申为天地、日月、男女、父母等。
乾[qián]坤[kūn] is the supreme and most important pair of philosophical concepts in China. These two characters are the first and second hexagrams in 周[zhōu]易[yì], also known as Changes of the Zhou. They are two diametrically different natures of matter that prompt creatures to change. The phenomenon of 乾[qián] is Heaven, representing 阳[yáng]; while the phenomenon of 阴[yīn]. and nourishes them. The very interaction between them gives impetus to the changes of creatures. In this sense, [qián]坤[kūn] can refer to Heaven and Earth, Sun and Moon, man and woman, father and mother, etc.
有[yǒu]：1. have 2. there is. 序[xù]：次序、顺序；sequence, succession; order.
宇[yǔ]宙[zhòu]：空间与时间的总和。宇指空间，宙指时间；the summation of space and time. 宇[yǔ] means space and: 1.without 2.nil; nothing 边界boundary.
天地啊，你化育万物，包罗万象，运行然而有序。宇宙啊，你无始无终，无边无际，哪儿都没有界疆!
Oh, Heaven and Earth! You are all-inclusive, producing and nourishing creatures, yet running in order. Oh, the Cosmos! You know no beginning and end, no boundaries and even no limits!
星辰密布 斗柄指航
星[xīng]辰[chén]：是天体的总称；the general term for celestial bodies. 星[xīng]：是发亮的天体; Star(s), a luminous celestial body. ：是比星暗的天体; Celestial bodies darker than stars. 和运动状态分为恒星、行星、卫星、小行星、彗星和流星。太阳是恒星，月亮是卫星，人类居住的地球是行星；According to physical nature and state of motion, 星[xīng] includes fixed stars, planets, satellites, asteroids, comets and meteors. The sun is a fixed star. The moon is a satellite, and the earth on which humans live is a planet. dense; close; thick; numerous. :陈列、铺开; distribution and spreading.
斗[dǒu]: a kind of volume measure. 柄[bǐng]]: handle. 斗[dǒu]柄[bǐng]:北斗七星，即大熊星座。北斗七星排列形状如一把杓子，故民间又称为“杓子星”。人们从斗柄所指方向，分季节、辨农时；斗[dòu]柄[bǐng] (or the Handle of Ladle): Big Dipper, namely, Triones. The array of the Dipper is distributed like a spoon and thereby it is also termed “Ladle Star” or “Milk Dipper”. With reference to the directionpeople can distinguish between different seasons and identify farming seasons.
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指[zhǐ]：1. to point, direct or guide 2. to indicate 3. a finger. 航[háng]：1. to navigate (by air or by water) 2. a voyage 3. a boat; a ship. ：指示航向; a guide or an indication to direction for navigation.
闪烁的星辰密密麻麻地布满天空，北斗星在太空中为地球指明了方向。句文既指出地球在宇宙中与其他星球的相对位置，又暗示地球上任何规律都要符合宇宙天地发生发展的根本规律。
Thickly dotted in the sky are twinkling stars, among which, the Big Dipper, in space, points out directions for the earth. This sentence not only indicates that the stars show the position of the earth relative to other celestial bodies in the universe, but also implies that any rule whatsoever on the earth should be in accordance with basic creation and development rules of the universe.
昼白夜黑 日明月亮
昼[zhòu]：白天。地球对着太阳的一面所处的时间；daytime, the time for the part of the earth facing the sun.
黑夜, 地球背着太阳的一面所处的时间; night, the time for the other part of the earth 白[bái]: white. 夜[yè]：
facing away from the sun. : black; dark.
日[rì]：太阳的简称，也是太阳系的中心天体; the abbreviation of the sun. It is also the central celestial body in the solar system. : bright; clear-sighted. 月球的简称，旧称“太阴”。地球的天然卫星; the abbreviation of the moon. It is also referred to “太[tài]阴[yīn]” in old times, a natural satellite to the earth. shine, bright.
句文描写了日出日落、昼夜交替，月缺月圆、岁月流逝的天象。
The sentence describes the celestial phenomena that the sun rises and sets, day and night alternate, the moon waxes and wanes, and the time passes by.
风驰雪舞 电闪雷响
云腾致雨 露结晨霜
虹霓霞辉 雾沉雹降
风[fēng]：空气流动形成风，气象上常用风向和风力表示风的方向和强度大小; wind, the result of air movement. : speed; gallop. : 雨遇寒气凝结成六角形白色结晶体，漂落而下叫雪，空气中所含水汽多少和温度高低等不同，所形成的雪花形状、雪片大小也就不同. Snow: a precipitation in the form of ice crystals, mainly of intricately branched, hexagonal form and often agglomerated into snowflakes, formed directly from the freezing of the water vapor in the air. Along with the different water vapor density in the air and different temperature, the shape and size of the snowflakes may differ. dance
电[diàn]: electricity. 闪[shǎn]：flash or lightning. 电[diàn]闪[shǎn]：云团与空气摩擦而生电，闪电则是云层间、云地间或云和空气间的电位差增大到一定程度时的猛烈放电现象. The electricity is generated through friction between cloud clusters and air. or lightning is a brilliant electric spark discharge in the atmosphere, caused by increase of electric potential difference between clouds or between a cloud and the ground or air. 空中激电而发出的声响即是雷；thunder, a loud, explosive noise produced by the explosive expansion of air heated by a lightning discharge. roar, sound, echo.
云[yún]：云，地面的湿空气升至高处，遇冷而凝成无数细微水点，成团浮游空中，即为云。云状演变2
常能表明大气结构情况和天气的变化. Cloud, the humid air on the ground becomes a block of cloud and floats in the air as it ascends to a high place and is then condensed into numerous tiny droplets when coming across cold air. jump, rise. result in. 云中的微小水点积重增大到上升气流无力支持时，下落而为雨. Rain: water that is condensed from the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere and falls to earth in drops.
露[lù]: 接近地面的水汽遇冷凝为水点是露，常见于晴朗无风的夜间或清晨. Dew; moist air near the surface of the earth condenses, on cool clear nights, as dew on the ground in the early morning. grow to be, result. morning. : 空气中水汽因地面或地物表面散发热量而凝华在其上的白色结晶微粒是霜. Frost, the specks of white crystals condensed by radiation of heat by the moisture in the air onto the ground or onto surfaces of objects
虹[hóng]霓[ní]: 虹霓，是太阳光线与水汽相映，出现在天空的彩晕。Rainbow: a bow or arc of prismatic colors appearing in the heavens opposite the sun and caused by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in drops of rain. : 主虹为虹，refers to the primary rainbow, : 副虹为霓，霓位于虹外侧，常出现于雨后；the secondary rainbow which always sets outside the primary rainbow and often appears after raining. : 是因日光斜射而呈现赤色的彩云。 Rosy clouds, red clouds caused by the oblique incidence of sunshine. : glitters, brilliant.
雾[wù]: 空气中的水汽凝成细水点或冰晶，象云烟一样弥漫在空中则是雾. Fog: a cloudlike mass or layer
雨遇of minute water droplets or ice crystals near the surface of the earth. : fall or sink.: 雹，
冷气凝结成大小不一的冰块随雨降下，便是冰雹. Hail, showery precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or balls of ice. drop, descend.
这几句说自然气候现象，及其之间的相互作用和联系。
The aforesaid sentences refer to the phenomena of natural climates, as well as the interaction and relationship among them.
春生夏长 秋收冬藏
农历一年分为四季，春[chūn]: 春，是第一季，夏[xià]: 夏，是第二季，秋[qiū]: 秋，是第三季，冬[dōng]: 冬，是第四季。农历一至三月为春季，四至六月为夏季，七至九月为秋季，十至十二月为冬季。春天是万物萌生的季节，夏天是它们迅速成长的季节，秋天是收获果实的季节，冬天是植物贞藏的季节。
In the lunar calendar, each year is divided into four seasons. : Spring, the first season. Summer, the second season. Autumn, the third season and Winter, the fourth season. In the lunar calendar, spring lasts from January to March, summer lasts from April to June, autumn lasts from July to September and winter asts from October to December. Spring is the season during which everything on the earth starts to grow. Summer is the season in which the foregoing grows rapidly. Autumn is the season of harvest and winter is the season to store crops. he Chinese New Year’s Day or The Spring Festival is the January First in the Chinese lunar calendar.
生[shēng]: give birth to, bring forth. 长[zhǎng]: grow, develop.收[shōu]: collect, gather. 藏[cáng]: store, hide.
此二句是说植物和农作物在春天播种萌生，夏天生长，秋天成熟，冬天储藏的自然规律。
The two sentences indicate the order of nature that plants and crops are planted in spring, grow in summer, and
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later become ripe in autumn and finally are stored in winter.
时令应候 寒来暑往
时[shí]: time; season; hour; when. 令[lìng]: order; command. 时[shí]令[lìng]：时令，岁时节令; times, seasons.
中国农历按季节气候变化将一年分为二十四个节气，从春至冬依次为立春、雨水、惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒。
In the Chinese lunar calendar, a year is divided into 24 solar terms with changes of seasons and climates. And they are classified, in turn, from the beginning of spring to winter as the following in sequence: the Beginning of Spring, Rain Water, the Waking of Insects, the Spring Equinox, Pure Brightness, Grain Rain, the Beginning of Summer, Lesser Fullness of Grain, Grain in Beard, the Summer Solstice, Lesser Heat, Greater Heat, the Beginning of Autumn, the End of Heat, White Dew, the Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, Frost’s Descent, the Beginning of Winter, Lesser Snow, Greater Snow, the Winter Solstice, Lesser Cold and Greater Cold.
应[yìng]: 1.answer 2. accept 3. ought to; 候[hòu]：1. wait (for), expect 2.time; season 应[yìng]候[hòu]：根
冷。此指寒冷的季节；Cold. Here it means cold 据季节、气候变化；Change of seasons and climates. 寒[hán]：
season. come：热。此指炎热的季节。Hot or heat. Here it means scorching season. : go away
寒[hán]来[lái]暑[shǔ]往[wǎng]: 指四时相代，季节交替。The cold season goes past and the hot one comes, which indicates the alternation of four seasons.
句文大意说岁时节令啊，就是应天候而作，这才有冷与热的回圈，寒与暑的来往。
The aforesaid sentences roughly mean that weather changes with the times and seasons, which result in alternation of coldness and hotness.
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