高中常见介词辨析

一、常见介词介绍

in[in] adj. 在里面的, 在朝的 adv. 进入, 朝里, 在里面, 在屋里 Please come in. 请进。

I called on him; but he wasn't in. 我去拜访他，但他不在家。 n. 执政者, 交情

prep. 在... 期间, 在... 之内, 从事于, 穿着 In which direction did he go? 他朝哪个方向去了？

There is a pencil in the box. 匣子里有一枝铅笔。

One child in twenty has this disease. 二十个小阿中有一个患有这种疾病。 For conj. 因为

prep. 因为, 至于, 对于, 给 I am too old for the job.

我年纪太大，做不了这工作。

Are you for the government or against it? 你是支持还是反对政府？ He left for Taipei. 他出发去台北。

We set off for London. 我们动身去伦敦。

I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。 to[tu:] adv. 向前

The girl came to after a while. 过了一会儿那个女孩醒过来了。

prep. 向, (表示方向) 到, (表示间接关系) 给 I give a book to him. 我给他一本书。

She works from two o'clock to ten o'clock. 她从两点钟工作到10点。

The government offered to give us financial help. 政府提出在经济上给我们援助。

He wouldn't dare say rude things about her to her face. 他不敢当面对她出言不逊。 with[wið] prep. 以, 用, 由于, 关于, 和... 一起 They smiled with pleasure. 他们高兴地微笑着。 I have no money with me. 我身边没有钱。 Off with your clothes! 把衣服脱下来！

She was dying with hunger. 她饿得要死了。

The Allied Forces fought with Germany. 盟军跟德国交战。 On adj. 正起作用的

What's on for tonight at the cinema? 今晚电影院上映什么片子？ adv.... 上去

They talked on until midnight. 他们一直谈到深夜。 prep. 在... 之上

He is on the school volleyball team. 他是校排球队队员。

All the expenses fall on me. 全部费用由我支付。

I'll meet you on / at the corner of Smith Street and Main Road.

我将在史密斯大街和湎洇路的十字路口与你会面。 by[bai]

adv. 经过, 在近处

They put money by for later use. 他们储存钱以备将来使用。

prep. 被, 由, 经, 通过, 用, 在... 之前 The ship sailed north by east. 船沿着向北偏东的方向驶去。 He sat down just by the door. 他正坐在门的旁边。

He had finished the work by ten o'clock this morning. 到今天上午十点钟，他已完成了这项工作。 I go by the house every day. 我每天路过那所房子。

of prep. 的, ...的, 由... 制成的, 关于, 对于 He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy. 他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。 We waited for the arrival of the next bus. 我们等待下一班汽车的到来。 He died of fever. 他死于高烧。

Mr.Brown is a friend of mine. 布朗先生是我的朋友。 The house is of stone. 这房子是石建的。

Under adj. 下面的, 从属的

adv. 在下面, 低于, 在... 之下, 遵照, 按照, 少于, 正在受到... The ship went under. 船下沉了。

prep. 在... 之下, 低于

There is a new music hall near here under construction. 附近正在建造一座新的音乐大厅。 I planned to leave the next day but under the circumstances I decided to stay another night.

我原计划第二天离开的，但在这样的情况下，我决定又住了一夜。 What do bats come under? 蝙蝠归属在哪一类？

They were playing chess under the tree. 他们在树下下棋。

over['əuv ə] adj. 上面的 adv. 结束, 越过, 从头到尾

From two blocks over he could hear the thin wail.

他从两条街以外的地方就能听到那微弱的哭泣声。 The good old times are over. 好日子已经过去了。 n. 额外的东西

prep. 越过, 在... 之上, 遍于... 之上 Are you staying over Christmas? 你打算留下过圣诞节吗？ It costs over ten dollars. 它值十多美元。 vt. 越过

above adj. 上面的, 上述的 adv. 在上面

Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote. 年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权。 See the examples given above. 见上述例子。 prep. 超出, 在上方

In the company, Dick ranks above Tom. 在公司里，狄克的地位比汤姆高。 It is above comprehension. 那是难于理解的。

A miser loves gold above his life.

一个守财奴爱财胜过生命。 Beyond adv. 在远处

Men can travel to the moon and beyond. 人们能到月球或更远处去旅行。 n. 远处

prep. 超过, 在那一边, 迟于

What lies beyond the mountains? 山的那一边有什么？

The road is beyond that hill. 路在山的那一边。

She has intelligence beyond the ordinary. 她聪明过人。

Understanding this article is beyond my capacity. 我看不懂这篇文章。

about[ə'baut] adv. 大约, 周围 There were few people about. 附近几乎无人。

The news is going about. 这消息正在传开。 prep. 关于, 在... 周围 It's about ten o'clock. 现在大约十点。

It happened about 5 o'clock in the morning. 这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。

二、表示相似概念的介词比较

1. 表示时间的介词：at, on, after, for, since, by, till, until 1）at 表示在时间上具体的一点，即“时间点”。如：at 4:30 2）on 表示日期及当天的上午、下午、晚上等。如：on Sunday 注：at Christmas, on weekends, over the weekend（在整个周末）3）in 表示：○1“时期，时段” in 1987，in the 19 century ○2表示“一段时间以后”，常作为将来时态的时间状语。

如：The meeting will end in thirty minutes.

4）after 表示“在某具体时间之后”，如：after supper/5 o’clock/the war/1970 比较：He will be back in 2 hours. He will be back after 2 o’clock. 5）for 表示“（动作）持续若干时间”，有时可省略。常用“how long ”来对它提问。

例如：I stayed in London for two days on my way to New York. 6）since 表示“自（某具体时间）以来”，常做完成时态的时间状语。例如： since 1950/the war 7）by 表示“到····的时候”，与这个连用的谓语动词常用完成时态，状态动词用一般时态。

By noon, everyone had arrived there. 8）till 和until

在肯定句中表示“直到···时候”，在否定句中表示“直到···才”。 Until now I know nothing about it.

Until you get that paper written don’t even think about going to the movies.

2. 表示地点、位置的介词——at, in, round, around, beyond, on, beneath, over, under, above, below, up, down, before, behind, between, among, amidst 1）at 表示“在···地点”，通常指某一点的位置。如： The car pulled up at the gate. 2）in 表示“在···内”，通常指空间较大的地方，如： What ’s in the box?

3）round/around表示“在···的周围”，在正式英语中，around 有“到处”的意思，而round 的含义为“旋转”。例如： There aren’t any shops around here. He is making a trip round the world. 4）beyond 表示“在···以远处”。例如： There is a village beyond the hill. 5）on 表示“在···上（平面）”；beneath 表示“在···（平面）下”。例如： There is a color TV set on the desk.

The submarine can run very fast beneath the sea. 6）over 表示“ 在···的（垂直）上方”，under 表示“在···的（垂直）下方”。

如：

There is a lamp over the table.

The peasants are having a rest under the tree. 7）above 表示“在···上方”，below 表示“在···下方”。两者分别强调高于和低于某一点。例如：The plane is flying over the clouds. The sun sank below the horizon. 8）before 表示“在···的前面”，after 表示“在···的后面”。例如： Don ’t put the cart before the horse.

The object should be placed after the verb. 9）between 表示“在···（两者）之间”，among 表示“在···（两者以上）之间”。Is there any difference between the two words? They visited the temple among the hills.

3. 表示空间运动的介词——along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of

1）along 沿着（从一头到另一头）；across 横过（从一边到另一边）。例如： They are taking a walk along the street. Dare you swim across the river? 2）through 穿过，over 越过

They drove through the city tunnel. The plane flew over the city. 3）up 向···上方；down 向···下方 He ran up the stairs.

The ship is sailing down the river. 4）from 从，自；to 向，到 He received a letter from abroad.

She stood up and walked to the window. 5）into 进入；out of出自 He jumped into the river. We walked out of the shop.

4．表示方向、方位的介词——to ，in ，for ，at ，on 等 1）to 位于···（隔海相望），on 表示有所接壤 例如：Japan lies to the east of China. Vietnam lies on the south of China. 2）to 表示“去向”，for 表示“目的地”（常与leave ，start ，set out，sail ，be bound，make 等表示离开、出发的动词）。例如： He will go to Shanghai tomorrow. He will leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 但是在direction 前，常用in ，例如： She went in the opposite direction.

5．表示工具、方法和手段的介词——with ，by ，in ，through ，on 等。 1）with 表示工具或方式（抽象方式），也可以表示材料。例如： Wood is often cut with a saw.

We should face the situation with great courage. 2）by 表示途径或手段。例如： Babies learn to speak by imitation.

3）in 表示方式时通常用于这些短语：in this way/style/meters 4）through 也可以表示途径或手段，与by 的意义较接近。

Knowledge may be acquired through travelling, conversation and reading. 5）on 有时也可以工具，通常是用在习惯用于中。 He cut his finger on a knife.

6．表示原因的介词——because of，owing to，due to，for ，at ，with 等

1）because of，owing to，due to，on account of一般表示任何直接原因或理由，其中because of较为口语化。

2）at 通常与happy ，surprised ，angry ，delighted 等表示情感的形容词或动词连用，表示原因。例如：

The shipwrecked sailors were very excited at the arrival of the rescue ship.

3）for 常与famous ，known ，noted ，praise ，punish 等表示著名、奖罚或经受痛苦等意义的形容词或动词连用，表示原因。例如： The west lake is noted for its scenery.

4）from 常与die ，suffer ，collapse 等动词连用，表示原因，有时也与necessity ，a sense of duty等词连用表示出于某种动机。例如： They are suffering from starvation and disease.

He did that not only from necessity, but also from a sense of duty. 5）with 常表示“由于···原因”而引起生理上的反应

如：She was red with shame.

The children jumped with joy when they heard the news. 6）of 常与表示情感的形容词连用，表示原因。例如： He was sick of being told what to do. 7）表示“除了···以外”的介词——besides ，except ，except for，but ，apart from等。

1）besides 表示“除了···以外，（还，也）”，相当于in addition to。例如： Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry. 2）except 表示“除···外，（其余都）”，常与“all ，every ，no ，none ，nothing ”等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。Except 除了可以直接加名词，还可以跟介词短语，不定式和that 从句连用。例如： He answered all the questions except the last one. I went nowhere except to the library. 3）but 表示“除···外（其余都或都不）”，和except 的用法基本相同并常常可以互换。两者都可以接动词不定式做宾语，当谓语动词是do 的时候，常省去to ，否则要保留to 。例如： There is no one but me.

Last night, I did nothing but watch TV. 4）apart from表示“除···之外”。可与besides 也可与except ，except for换用。 8. 表示让步的介词——in spite of, despite, after all, for all, with all等 In spite of their differences, they remained good friends. After all his efforts, he failed.