转基因Bt作物与非转基因比效率差消耗两倍水与更多化肥

(2013-11-04 23:07:08)

转载▼陈一文顾问

标签： 张启发

罗云波

黄昆仑

林敏

农业部

杂谈

分类： 批判转基因技术

印度与美国科学家调查研究发现，转基因Bt棉种植过程，与非转基因棉花相比，消耗两倍的水与更多的化肥。美国科学家发现，抗草甘膦转基因作物有同样的问题，与非转基因作物相比，水消耗量为两倍。【评论：张启发、黄大昉、李家洋、林敏一伙转基因推手帮，对转基因Bt稻米消耗更多水与肥料等所有不可预料所有恶果“无所不知”却欺上瞒下故意掩盖！】

（3）印度与美国科学家调查研究发现，转基因Bt棉种植过程，与非转基因棉花相比，消耗两倍的水与更多的化肥。美国科学家发现，抗草甘膦转基因作物有同样的问题，与非转基因作物相比，水消耗量为两倍。

-- 必须禁绝转基因Bt稻米而且必须追究张启发刑事责任的21条理由之（3）

陈一文（http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/mailto:[email protected]）

《转基因技术与人类安全》研究专家、80年代前全国青联委员

《新浪网》“陈一文顾问博客”：http://blog.sina.com.cn/cheniwan

张启发、黄大昉、李家洋、林敏一伙转基因推手帮，对转基因作物不可预料所有恶果“无所不知”却欺上瞒下故意掩盖！

黄大昉（中国农业科学院生物技术所研究员、“国家农业转基因生物安全委员会”委员） 2010年6月25日全国人大常委会《农业转基因技术和安全管理专题》讲座强调：

http://world.people.com.cn/GB/41217/11975156.html

基因是含有特定遗传信息的DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）序列，是决定生物特性的最小功能单位。转基因育种就是利用现代生物技术手段，从一个生物体中提取结构、功能清楚的基因再转移到另一个生物体，以获得新性状，培育新品种。

据此，必须认为张启发、黄大昉、李家洋、林敏一伙转基因推手帮，对转基因作物不可预料所有恶果“无所不知”却欺上瞒下故意掩盖！

印度与美国科学家调查研究发现，转基因Bt棉种植过程，与非转基因棉花相比，消耗两倍的水与更多的化肥。

美国科学家发现，抗草甘膦转基因作物有同样的问题，与非转基因作物相比，水消耗量为两倍。

与非转基因传统作物相比，特别与有机生态作物相比，转基因作物生长效率不是更高，而是更低；转基因作物消耗水与肥料不是更少，而是更多；营养水平不是更高，而是更低；对环境、生态、生物多样性、有益微生物、动物与人类健康不是更有益，而是不可避免造成一系列严重危害！

张启发策动教唆“61名两院院士联名上书国家领导人，请求尽快推进转基因水稻产业化”无疑故意制造生态灾难，破坏中国农业可持续发展！

调查证据1：

Far from being 'magic seeds', GM pest-proof 'breeds' of cotton have been devastated by bollworms, a voracious parasite.

事实证明，转基因棉花种子非但不神奇'’，还遭到一种毛虫的毁灭性打击。

Nor were the farmers told that these seeds require double the amount of water. This has proved a matter of life and death.

此外，政府也没有告知农民有关转基因种子需要两倍灌溉水量的信息，这也成为种植成败的决定性原因。

信息来源：

The GM genocide: Thousands of Indian farmers are committing suicide after using genetically modified crops

转基因大屠杀：数万印度农民使用转基因作物后自杀

英国《每日邮报》（2008-11-03）原文：

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1082559/The-GM-genocide-Thousands-Indian-farmers-committing-suicide-using-genetically-modified-crops.html

调查证据2：

1、我们今年在Zaheerabad、Jharasangam、Raikode与Nyalkal农业区进行的调查揭示，转基因Bt棉在干燥土地状况下的产量大约500-800公斤，而在有灌溉状况下的产量大约1000-1200公斤。

信息来源：

Indian Wormen’s Memorandum demanding a total ban on the cultivation of Bt cotton in Medak District

印度妇女在莫达克区要求全面禁绝转基因Bt棉种植的备忘录

英中对照译文：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bb17e9d0102dz5z.html

原文链接：http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13848

调查证据3：

Dr Kranthi wrote :“Bt-cotton hybrids utilize more nutrients and water for higher yields and profits, therefore the soils are getting progressively depleted and need more nutrient recharging.” In other words what he was saying was, unless you use more fertilisers and water, Bt cotton will not yield more than the conventional cotton hybrids.

柯蓝瑟博士的论文写道：“转基因Bt棉杂交品种消耗更多营养与水以求获得更高产量与收益，因此土壤日益贫乏并且需要更多营养投入”。换句话讲，他说，除非使用更多的肥料与水，转基因Bt棉并不比传统非转基因棉杂交品种有更高的产量。

【注：柯蓝瑟博士系印度棉花中央研究所主任（Dr. Kehsav Kranthi is the director of India's Central Institute for Cotton）。】

信息来源：

非洲亚洲转基因秘密会议公报：转基因Bt棉及其之后发展

英中对照译文：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bb17e9d0102dz7d.html

原文链接：http://www.ddsindia.com/www/pdf/PR April 9, 2012.pdf

调查证据4：印度与美国学者调查确认转基因Bt棉消耗更多水与肥料更多依据

http://sap.einaudi.cornell.edu/system/files/Bitter Seeds footnotes.pdf

C1: To produce higher yields, Bt cotton requires more water and fertilizer, applied

according to precise timetables.

? Dr. Keshav Kranthi is the acting director of India’s Central Inst. for Cotton Research,

who presents his studies in international conferences. His studies have shown without any doubt that Bt cotton requires more water, and more fertilizers, than other seeds. His e-mails to the filmmaker confirmed this:

Impact of Bt-cotton on Agriculture in India by B. M. Khadi, K. R. Kranthi and *K.

C.Jain from the Central Institute for Cotton Research:

Farmers need to be educated that water, nutrient and soil management are extremely critical to get the best performance from Bt-cotton. Poor soils and rainfed conditions are not ideal for the performance of Bt-cotton. It needs optimum water and nutrients at a time when it holds maximum fruiting bodies including green bolls. Bt cotton does not withstand moisture and nutrient stress, especially because the boll retention capacity is much higher as compared to non-Bt varieties. Problems of wilt are generally reported commonly with Bt-cotton. It is true that wilt can be more in Bt-cotton as compared to non-Bt cotton. This is because of the high boll load in Bt-cotton crop.

“Fertilizer use was the highest in the case of Bt cotton, followed by hybrid cotton and was the least in the non-hybrid cotton varieties. The nitrogenous fertilizer use in Bt cotton was higher by 23 and 31 per cent when compared to the other hybrid and non-hybrid varieties, respectively. The respective phosphatic fertilizer use was higher by 17 and 50 per cent and the potashic fertilizer use was higher by 104 and 413 per cent.”

Source: Peshin R, Dhawa, A K, Vatta, K, Singh K. Attributes and Socio-economic

Dynamics of Adopting Bt Cotton. Economic & Political Weekly. December 29, 2007

http://www.fbae.org/2009/FBAE/website/images/PDF files/Socio-Economincs of Bt cotton in India.pdf

“Generating high yields with Bt cottonseeds also requires much higher amounts of water than other cotton cultivars. For farmers who lack access to proper irrigation and whose farms are primarily rain-fed, the crop often fails.”

Source: Sahai, Suman. Bt cotton: What’s all the fuss about?

http://infochangeindia.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=6119

About US: http://infochangeindia.org/about-us.html

About the Author (according to Princeton University)

http://www.princeton.edu/morefoodlesscarbon/speakers/suman-sahai/

And her own blog: http://sumansahai-blog.blogspot.com/

“Dr. Suman Sahai, who has had a distinguished scientific career in the field of genetics, was honored with the 2004 Borlaug Award for her outstanding contribution to agriculture and the environment. Dr. Sahai has served as a faculty member at the Universities of Alberta and Chicago as also the University of Heidelberg. She returned to India and organized Gene Campaign, an organization dedicated to protecting farmers’ rights and food and livelihood security. Dr Sahai chaired the Planning Commission Task Force on ‘ Agro biodiversity and Genetically Engineered Organisms’, for the Eleventh Plan. She has received s everal national awards and was appointed Knight of the Golden Ark (Netherlands) in 2001.”

And an article about her in India Today:

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/How+I+made+it:+Suman+Sahai/1/95201.html

“In addition farmers were of the opinion that Monsanto’s hybrids were more sensitive to the drought situation, and wilted severely under prolonged rainfed situations. This is in conformity with the observations made in earlier studies.”

Source: Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, Every Thirty Minutes: Farmer

Suicides, Human Rights, and the Agrarian Crisis in India (New York: NYU School of Law,2011).

http://www.chrgj.org/publications/docs/every30min.pdf

“Bt cottonseed is the cottonseed input that dominates the cotton industry now. And what the genetic modification promises to do is to produce a toxin within the seed that kills a very common pest that affects the cotton crop in India. The Bt cottonseed, which is —- has been marketed by Monsanto, among other multinationals, requires two resources that are already scarce for most Indian smallholder farmers. That’s money and water. Bt cottonseeds cost anywhere from two times to 10 times as much as regular cottonseed, and they also require a great deal more water in order to yield successful crops.”

Source: Smita Narula, faculty director of the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice at New York University Law School, co-author of the report, "Every Thirty Minutes: Farmer Suicides, Human Rights and the Agrarian Crisis in India."

On Democracy Now, speaking with Amy Goodman- May 11, 2011

http://www.democracynow.org/2011/5/11/every_30_minutes_crushed_by_debt

“At 110 DAS (days after sowing), significantly higher stomatal conductance and photosynthesis was observed in Bt plants, which were mainly driven by the high boll load. This led to significantly higher biomass accumulation in Bt plants over their NBt counterparts, as reported earlier7. However, this period also coincides with the end of rainy season (September end) and beyond this period plant growth is limited by moisture and nutrients. Thus, in Bt higher boll load coupled with the limitation of moisture and nutrients led to stiff interorganal competition for photosynthates which resulted in senescence, early cessation of growth, reduced the new flushes of leaves and squares and increased the shedding of young fruiting forms. This was evident from the fact that at this stage the leaf area of Bt plants was significantly lower than NBt plants (Table 1). Earlier workers also reported similar findings under rainfed condition.”

Source: Synchronized boll development of Bt cotton hybrids and their physiological consequences K. B. Hebbar*, M. R. K. Rao and B. M. Khadi Central Institute for Cotton Research, P.B. No. 2, Shankar Nagar, Nagpur 440 010, India

http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep102007/693.pdf

? According to Vyavsaya Panchangam, a farmers' almanac published by the Acharya N G Ranga Agriculture University in Hyderabad: Bt cotton used more fertiliser than non-Bt cotton. If adequate amounts of fertiliser were not applied, the subsequent crop received fewer nutrients. Furthermore, the Bt toxin also expresses itself in the root zone of the plant and can affect soil biodiversity and ecosystem function, as reported in a study by the Australian government. These factors might account for the lower yields of subsequent crops; although there had been little attention paid to the matter (see [2] Farmer Suicides & Bt Cotton Nightmare Unfolding in India, SiS 45).

科学证据5：喷洒草甘膦除草剂的抗草甘膦转基因作物种植，与非转基因作物相比，水消耗量为两倍

特别明显的一点，美国2012年出现了大旱，造成很多地区严重缺水。但是，喷洒草甘膦除草剂的抗草甘膦转基因作物需要的水量，为不喷洒草甘膦除草剂的同类非转基因作物需要的水量的两倍。结果，与不喷洒草甘膦的非转基因作物相比，美国2012年喷洒草甘膦除草剂的抗草甘膦转基因作物的产量特别差。

喷洒草甘膦除草剂对转基因大豆光合作用与用水效率的影响

信息来源：美国胡伯博士2013年7月13日《转基因与食品安全国际研讨会》讲演

胡伯讲演：草甘膦与转基因破坏农作物生命系统农业生态

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bb17e9d0102e8u1.html

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