2015中考英语必备--动词专题讲练结合(含答案)

教学过程

一、复习预习

复习前一节课学习过的知识点

二、知识讲解：

考点一 动词的分类

实义动词 实义动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据能否带宾语，又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词 borrow, enjoy, put, forget, worry, love, guess, use

不及物动词 arrive ，come ，go ，run ，walk ，cry ，swim ，fall ，happen

连系动词 连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词称为连系动词。 be ，seem ，look ，become ，get ，grow ，feel ，appear ，turn

助动词 本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语动词，表示时态、语态、语气等特征。帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。有人称和数的变化。be(am, is, are)，do(does, did, done)，have(has, had)， shall ，will

情态动词 情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等，表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。can ，could ，may ，might ，must ，need ，shall ， should ， will ，would

动词短语

常见以下六种类型：

1. 动词+介词，宾语位于介词后。例如：look for; listen to; talk about/with; think about

2. 动词+副词，代词作宾语时须用“动词+代词+副词”形式；名词作宾语可以在副词前，也可在副词后。 例如：turn on/off/ up/down; pick up; call up; take out

3. 动词+副词+介词，宾语位于介词后。例如：come up with; run out of; get on/along with

4. 动词+名词+介词，宾语在介词后；名词前可以加形容词限定。例如：take (good) care of; take pride in; pay (more) attention to

5. 动词+名词（后无宾语）。例如：take place; lose heart

6. be+形容词+介词，形容词前可加程度副词。如very 等。例如：be proud of; be angry with; be interested in

考点二 动词的时态

一、时态构成

一般现在时 主语+动词原形+其他

主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单数形式+其他

一般过去时 主语+动词过去式+其他

一般将来时 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他

主语+be going to+动词原形+其他

现在进行时 主语+am/is/are+v. -ing+其他

过去进行时 主语+was/were+v. -ing+其他

现在完成时 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

中学阶段见到的其他时态

过去完成时 主语+had+过去分词+其他

过去将来时 主语+would+动词原形+其他 主语+was/were going to+动词原形

现在完成进行时 主语+have/has+been+现在分词+其他

二、时态的应用及动词变化形式

1. 一般现在时

(1)一般现在时的用法

表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态，常与always ，often ，sometimes ， every day等频率副词或时间状语连用 ①I often go to school at seven. 我经常在七点钟去上学。

②We visit Uncle Liu every month. 我们每月都去看望刘叔叔。

表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。

在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will leave. 如果明天不下雨我将离开。

go ，come ，leave ，arrive 等瞬间动词常用一般现在时表示计划、安排好的将要发生的动作 The train for Beijing leaves at 5: 30.

开往北京的火车5: 30离开。

(2)动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则

一般情况下直接加-s read —reads write —writes run —runs swim —swims 以-ch, -sh, -s, -x或-o 结尾的词加-es teach —teaches wash —washes go —goes

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y 为i 再加-es ，但“元音字母+y”则直接加-s

study —studies stay —stays play —plays say —says

2. 一般过去时

(1)一般过去时的用法

①表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：

I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。 try —tries carry —carries

②表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。

通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频度的副词连用，但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。例如： He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。

③在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：

He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不去了。

(2)动词过去式的变化规则及读音

一般过去时常用动词的过去式表示。不规则动词的过去式有其特殊形式，要特别记忆。be 动词的过去式为was/were。规则实义动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-d 或-ed ，其变化规律见下表：

例词 规律总结 读音规则

①清辅音后读/t/，如 helped, laughed play→played; help→helped 一般直接加-ed

②浊辅音，元音后读/d/，如lived, stayed

③/t/和/d/后读/Id/，如needed, started

move→moved; use→used 以不发音的e 结尾的加-d

以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为i 再加-ed study→studied; carry→carried

stop→stopped; fit→fitted;

fix→fixed 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(x除外) 结尾的重读闭音节双写结尾字母再加-ed

3. 现在进行时

(1)表示现在（说话瞬间）正在发生的动作，常见的时间状语有now ，at the moment等。如果句首有提示性动词look ，listen 等，主句也用现在进行时

①They are watching TV now. 他们现在正在看电视。

②Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。

(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直进行的动作 She is working in a factory. 她正在一家工厂工作。 表示位置移动的动词，如come ，go ，leave ，arrive 等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作

①I’m coming. 我这就来。

②We are leaving tomorrow. 我们将明天离开。

(3)现在进行时与always ，all the time等副词或短语连用常表示某种强烈的感情 A lice is always thinking of others. 艾丽斯总是想着别人。

现在分词的变化规律：

规律总结:

1. 以不发音的e 结尾的动词去e 再加-ing make→making have→having

2. 以一个单独发音的元音字母 + 一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing swim→swimming run→running(shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer，babysit)

3. 以-ie 结尾的动词，变ie 为y ，再加-ing lie→lying tie→tying

4. 不符合上述情况的直接加-ing play→playing sing→singing

4. 过去进行时

构成 肯定句：S+was(were)+v. -ing+其他

否定句：S+was(were)+not+v. -ing+其他

一般疑问句：Was(Were)+S+v. -ing+其他

表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。（动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明）

常用时间状语at 9: 00 a. m. yesterday; at this time last night；from seven to nine; when, while引导的时间状语从句

【温馨提示】

(1)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。例如：My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 在公园散步的时候，我的钢笔掉到地上了。

(2)表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，不考虑动作的先后顺序，主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时，连词常用while 。例如：

The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 学生们在看书，而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。

5. 一般将来时

（1）一般将来时的构成：

①will +动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形)

②be(am, is, are) going to +动词原形

（2）一般将来时的用法：

①表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。例如：I’ll start tomorrow. 我明天动身。

②“be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事，这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。

如：She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她买了一些布，准备为自己做一件连衣裙。

【温馨提示】

一般将来时的其他表达方式

(1)“be +doing”表示按计划安排好的事情，常与少量表示位置移动的动词，如go ，come ，start ，move ，leave 等连用 I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我就要动身去北京了。

(2)在表示车、船、飞机等的进出时间时，可以用一般现在时表示将来

a. m. 我乘坐的飞机将在早上6: 30起飞。

6. 现在完成时

(1)现在完成时的构成

have/has+动词的过去分词

have/has为助动词，无实际意义

(2)现在完成时的用法 My plane will take off/takes off at 6: 30

①表示说话之前已经完成了的动作，而且这个动作对现在仍有影响，常与already ，yet ， in the past few years等时间状语连用：I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。（已知电影内容）

②表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与by now，so far，since/for等时间状语连用

I have studied in the school since 2009. 自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。

用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时，其谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。现在完成时中的时间状语表示的是一段时间时，句中的动词一定要用延续性动词。

常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表：

非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词

borrow/lend keep

open be open die be dead close be closed

be in/a member of buy have join

leave be away(from)

be on finish/endbe over begin/start arrive/come be here/ in

catch/get a cold have a cold marry be married

(3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯的叙述过去发生的事情，强调过去，与具体的表示过去的时间连用 例：Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。（不知道现在是否还住在北京）

（2）现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去，但是对现在有影响

例：Tom has lived in Beijing for two years. 汤姆住在北京两年了。（现在汤姆仍然还在北京）

7. 过去完成时

(1)构成：主语+had+过去分词

(2)用法：

①表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作（即“过去的过去”）。因此使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提，通常用by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句来表示。例如：

After the sun had set, we decided to return home. 太阳落山以后，我们决定回家。

②用于宾语从句，从句表示在主句以前发生的动作。

She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁让门开着的。

③现在完成时与过去完成时的区别

现在完成时与过去完成时的用法相同，只是作为衡量标准的时间不同；现在完成时是以现在这个时刻作衡量标准，而过去完成时是以过去某个时间作衡量标准

如：He has travelled to most of the cities in China in the past five years. 五年来他已经游遍了中国的大多数城市。 When we got there, the football match had already started. 当我们赶到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。

8. 过去将来时

(1)过去将来时的构成：

①would + 动词原形

②should + 动词原形

③was/were + going to + 动词原形

(2)过去将来时的用法：

表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中；常用的时间状语有two days later, the next week, the following day等

①Tom said he would come. 汤姆说他要来的。

②Linda said she was going to see her aunt. 琳达说她打算去看她的姑妈。

③Mr Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend. 格林先生告诉我们周末我们要办一个晚会。

【温馨提示】

在由if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句是过去将来时，if 从句只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如： They said that they would go fishing if it didn’t rain the next day.

他们说如果第二天不下雨，他们就去钓鱼。

真题链接：

【2014铜仁】—Where is Mr. Zhao?

—He ______ to Mount Fanjing. He’ll come back ______ a week.

A. has been; in B. has gone; after

C. has gone; in D. has been; after

【答案】A

【2014河北】I ’m busy now. I ______ to you after school this afternoon.

A. talk

【答案】C

【2014黄冈】—I suppose you are at least 60 years old.

—Thank you. I’m glad you ______ that. My real age is 362.

A. say B. said C. are saying D. were saying

【答案】B

【2014连云港】Beijing and Zhangjiakou applying to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in 2013.

A. begin

【答案】B

【2014长沙】—Your brother is an excellent basketball player.

—So he is. He to play basketball three years ago.

A. has started

【答案】C

【2014长沙】Little Tom computer games when his mother got home.

A. is playing B. plays C. was playing B. starts C. started B. Began C. have begun D. had begun B. talked C. will talk D. have talked

【2014河北】44. I saw Ken in the meeting room, he ______ Joe for the school magazine.

A. interviews

【答案】D

【2014河北】42. Monica, you ______ the exam! Congratulation!

A. pass

【答案】B

【2014河北】Someone ______ at the door. Can you open it?

A. knocks

【答案】C

【2014达州】—Have you ever _______ an amusement park?

—Yes, I have. I ______ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.

A. been to, have gone to B. gone to, have been to

C. go to, went to D. been to, went to

【答案】D

【2014河南】24. —Are you going anywhere?

—I _______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.

A. think B. have thought C. will think D. thought

【答案】D

【2014河南】33. —Does the bus go to the beach?

—No. You _______ the wrong way. You want the Number 11.

A. go B. were going C. are going D. would go

【答案】C

【2014陕西】On May 22, a Han taxi driver _______ an old lady to the hospital as soon as he could in Xinjiang.

A. sent B. sends C. is sending D. has sent

【答案】A

【2014黔西南州】I _______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.

A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from

【答案】D

【2014北京】—What do you often do at weekends?

—I often _______ my grandparents.

D. will visit A. visit B. visited C. have visited

【答案】A

【2014北京】—What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?

I ______ the classroom. A. was cleaning B. have cleaned C. will clean D. clean B. knocked C. is knocking D. was knocking B. have passed C. will pass D. are passing B. interviewed C. has interviewed D. was interviewing

【2014北京】He _____ in this factory for 20 years already. X Kb 1.C om

A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working

【答案】C

【2014南京】—Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.

—Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hour.

A. won’t finish B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished

【答案】C

【2014鄂州】— A new shop _______ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there.

— Good idea. But it doesn’t ______ on Mondays.

A. opened; opened B. has been opened; open

C. has opened; opened D. has been open; open

【答案】D

【2014扬州】—Has your friend completed his design?

—Not yet. He _______ on it last night.

A. worked B. has worked C. is working

【答案】D

【2014扬州】—Where is Mr. Wang?

—He together with his students _______ Zhuyuwan Park.

A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to

【答案】A

【2014扬州】—When will A Bite of China II begin tonight?

—It _______ for ten minutes.

A. will begin B. has begun

【答案】D

【2014湖北咸宁】—Do you know Diaoyu Island?

—Sure. It ______ China since ancient times. A. belongs to B. belonged to C. has belonged to D. is belonging to C. will be on D. has been on D.was working

【答案】C

【2014重庆市A 】—Where is your father?

—He ______ the World Cup in the living room.

A. is watching B. watches C. watched D. will watch

【答案】A

【2014重庆市A 】In Chongqing, you can often see many people dance outside together if it______ in the evening.

A. rains B. doesn’t rain C. will rain D. won’t rain

【答案】B

【2014安徽】Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He ______ a speech there in two days.

A. gives

【答案】C

【2014安徽】As we all know, the Silk Road ______ China to the west in ancient times.

A. connects

【答案】B

【2014重庆市B 】—Where is Linda? I can’t find her anywhere.

—She ______ the flowers in the garden.

A. waters B. is watering C. watered D. has watered

【答案】B

【2014杭州】After Steven sent some e-mails, he ______ surfing the Internet.

A. starts

【答案】D

【2014天津】Robots _____more heavy work for us in the future.

A. will do

【答案】A

【2014天津】—____ you ever_____ the new Minyuan Stadium?

—No, I haven’t.

A. Do; visit B. Have; visited C. Did; visit D. Are; visitingw

【答案】B

【2014广州】Be quiet! The students ______ a physics test in the next room.

A. had

【答案】D

【2014宜宾】Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river.

A. am carrying B. is carrying C. are carrying D. are carried

【答案】C

【2014呼和浩特】My husband always ______ me flowers every week before we got married, but now he never _______.

A. sends; does B. sent; does C. was going to send; do D. sent; do

【答案】B

【2014南昌】—You ’re in a hurry. Where are you going?

—To the cinema. Sue _______ for me outside.

A. waits

【答案】C

【2014南昌】—Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. ______ you ______ it?

—Not yet. I'm doing it right now.

A. Do; finish B. Had; finished C. Will; finish D. Have; finished B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting B. have had C. were having D. are having B. did C. have done D. were doing B. has started C. will start D. started B. connected C. will connect D. is connecting B. gave C. will give D. has given

【答案】D

【2014苏州】—Do you think grandpa and grandma _______ late?

—No, the train is usually on time.

A. were B. will be C. was D. have been

【答案】B

【2014甘肃白银】I want to know if an English Singing Competition ______ next month.

A. will hold B. will be held C. holds D. is held

【答案】B

【2014甘肃白银】The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _______ smaller and smaller.

A. become B. are becoming C. is becoming D. have become

【答案】C

【2014甘肃白银】She ______ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.

A. married B. has been married C. got married D. has got married

【答案】B

【2014甘肃白银】It only _______ me half an hour _______ to school every day last term.

A. takes; riding B. spent; to ride C. cost; walk D. took; to walk

【答案】D

【2014宁波】—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?

—No, because I _______ the story.

A. read B. will read C. have read D. was reading

【答案】C

【2014临沂】Turn off the water while you _______ your teeth or washing your hands.

A. were brushing

【答案】C

【2014湖州】—The Amazing Spider Man 2 is on these days. It’s fantastic.

—Really? But I _______ it yet.

A. didn’t see B. won’t see C. haven’t see D. is not seeing

【答案】C

【2014温州】Alice likes doing housework. She _______ her room every afternoon.

A. cleans B. cleaned C. will clean D. has cleaned

【答案】A

【2014嘉兴】Tom _______ the piano every day when he was in primary school.

A. plays B. played C. was playing D. has played

【答案】B

【2014丽水】Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. I’m afraid it _______.

A. rains B. is going to rain C. rained D. was raining B. brush C. are brushing D. brushed

【答案】B

【2014绍兴】—So you have watched the action movie, haven’t you?

—Yes. I _______ it with my parents in Lu Xun Theater.

A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. am watching

【答案】B

【2014台州】—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

—Not yet. I _______ it this year.

A. visited B. have visited C. was visiting D. will visit

【答案】D

【2014泰安】—Can you find our city _______ a lot in recent years?

—Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller.

A. has changed B. changes C. changed D. will change

【答案】A

【2014威海】—When will Diana arrive?

—Oh, she _______. She is in the meeting room now.

A. arrives B. is arriving C. arrived D. has arrived

【答案】D

【2014滨州】—Jim isn’t in the classroom. Where is he now?

—He _______ the library.

A. will go to B. has been to C. has gone to D. goes to

【答案】C

【2014菏泽】—Have you finished your homework yet?

—Yes. I _______ it twenty minutes ago.

A. have studied B. studied C. will study D. had studied

【答案】B

【2014菏泽】Look, so many people are running out of the station. I wonder what _______.

A. is happened B. was happening C. is happening D. had happened

【答案】C

【2014聊城】—May I speak to Ann?

—Sorry, she isn’t in. She _______ France.

A. has gone to B. has been to C. was going to D. goes to

【答案】A

【2014潍坊】—Are Betty and Lingling still living in Beijing?

—No, they _______ to Qingdao.

A. will move B. are moved C. have just moved D. Move

【答案】C