特殊句式的结构
考点 强调句型
强调句型的陈述句基本句型是:
It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分 (附:被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等)
例句
是因为她妈妈病了,她昨天才没来上学的。
强调句型的一般疑问句
特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it +that 从句”。 (附:只需将is/was提前, 疑问词通常为:疑问代词或副词)
Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗?
例句 Who was it that told you such a thing?
究竟是谁告诉你这件事的?
Why was it that you didn't come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会?
3. 强调句型中be 的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致
与定语从句的比较
(1) 它是我昨天买的书。
(本句是对What is that?问句的回答,that 所引导的是定语从句,that 可被省略) (2)昨天我所卖的就是这本书。
(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调) 与状语从句的比较
(1) It was already morning when he woke up.
当他醒来时,已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句) (2) It was the next morning that he woke up.
就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)
定语从句,状语从句,强调句比较
(1) 它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)
(2) It is such an interesting book that we all like very much.
我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。((3)
这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的有趣的书。(定语从句)
Numerals 数字 1 。---- 2。。--- 3 。。。-- 4 。。。。- 5 。。。。。 6 -。。。。 7 --。。。 8 ---。。 9 ----。 0 ----- 逗号。-。-。- 句号--。。-- 求救(SOS )。。。---。。。 等(wait )。-。。。 走(go )。-。
ILU (I love you) . . . - . . . . - FUCK . . - . . . - - . - . - . –
倒装句 and 部分倒装
一. 完全倒装
二. 部分倒装
注意:1.However /no matter how等+adj /adv 不论工作多艰巨,她从来没有怨言。 No matter how he does,I don't agree. 任凭他怎么做,反正我不赞成。
2.在“such be +主语”是一个固定句型(同there be句型), (注意be 动词的单复数要与其后的主语保持一致。) 例如:
Such was his excitement. 他是如此的兴奋。 Such are my sisters. 这就是我的姐妹们。
Alphabet 字母 A 。- B-。。。 C-。-。 D-。。 E 。 F 。。-。 G--。 H 。。。。 I 。。 J 。--- K-。 L 。-。。 M — N-。 O--- P--。 Q--。- R 。-。 S 。。。 T- U 。。- V 。。。- W 。-- X-。。- Y-。-- Z--。。
含否定意义的词汇:never ,seldom, hardly,few ,little ,barely, scarcely, nothing,
none ,rarely ,no ,not ,no one,nobody ,neither 等当成否定句
3.否定形式
含否定词缀的派生词: ① 有un,dis,no-前缀、
② ②-less -fewer后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词, 当做肯定句处理
小句子: swim, can’t they?
5. 陈述部分有情态动词
4) dare 或need need (dare ) +主语
We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you?
注:(实义动词 dare, need do/did/have/can…+主语 ) She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 6. 含must
9.其他
1) 陈述部分有would rather(宁可、宁愿) +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 2) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you
3)陈述部分的谓语是wish ,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
4)陈述部分有ought to,疑问部分用shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5)陈述部分是并列复合句
Mr . Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now,
shouldn't he?
6)陈述部分是带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
7)陈述部分是由 neither… nor, 疑问部分据其实际逻辑意义而定。
either… or 连接的并列主语时
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
8)陈述句是感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语 What colours, aren't they? What a smell, isn't it?
10. 肯定反意疑问句的回答
陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时
(其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意) "It isn‟t cheap, is it?"
"Yes, it is." ―它不便宜吧?‖―不,很便宜。‖ (此时,"Yes" 即不,对前面"It isn't cheap."的否定。)
"He doesn‟t love her, does he?"
"No, he doesn‟t." ―他不爱她,是吗?‖―是的,他不爱她。‖
感叹句
不可数名词:①
What great advice
What thrilling news
(news 是不可数名词,新闻,用单数)
What terrible weathe
可数名词
boys What useful books
What beautiful presents
③what + a/an + adj. +
What a fascinating place
book What an unlucky day
④How beautiful How serious
How big
How red ⑤
How wonderful
How
!■美国人和一些英国人在感叹句里可能用普通的(非否定) 疑问句形式。
如:Am I mad! 我恼火极了!
Was I furious! 我生气极了!
Boy, am I hungry! 孩子,我饿极了!
Wow, did she make a mistake! 噢,她的确犯错误了!
Have you got a surprise coming! 马上有件让你惊喜的事呀!
省略句
(为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接) 、
一. 分类
1. 词的省略
1. 省略介词
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。
I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。
2. 省略连词 that
I believe (that) you will succeed . 我相信你们会成功的。
It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。 I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。
(注:在宾语从句中,当有两个及以上并列从句时,第一个that 可省,以后的均不可省)
3. 省略关系代词
I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
2. 句子成分的省略
1. 省略主语
Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。( Beg 前省略了主语 I ) Take care! 当心!( Take 前省略了主语 you )
Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主语 it )
2. 省略谓语
Who next? 该谁了?( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes ) The river was deep and the ice thin. ( ice 后面省略了 was ) We ' ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。( can 后面省略了动词 do )
3. 省略表语
Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。( am 后面省略了 ready ) He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。( had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports )
4. 省略宾语
Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。
( wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes )
5. 省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。( the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money )
6. 省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了状语 how ) 难点释疑篇
1. 省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份
What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激动的消息啊! Pity he ' s failed. (= It is a pity that he ' s failed.) 很遗憾,他失败了 I like him more than her. (= I like him more than I like her.) 我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。
2. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构:
a) 在以 if, when, though, as if (好像)等连词引导的从句中,
If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。
Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我们
While cycling, don ' t forget the traffic lights. 骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。
b) 由固定词组引导的疑问句:
What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样?
How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢?
What if it ' s raining? 如果天下雨怎么办?
Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢?
c) 在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留
He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走,如果他愿意的话。
Don ' t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
3. 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上,
反而不合乎 He is taller than I am. 他比我高。( am 之后省略 tall ,补上不合习惯) No parking. 禁止停车。(告示用语 = No parking is allowed here. )
4. 有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分
Not at all. 不用谢。 No matter. 不要紧。 Thanks. 谢谢。