高考完形填空解题技巧

高考完形填空解题技巧 (I)

一、考试出题的大致方向是：

1、词汇：某些词义的识别，同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。

2、语法结构：语法规则的实际应用。

3、语篇句意：从语篇角度, 即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力

4. 逻辑推理和生活常识

二、考试题型：

（一）词汇题：

单纯地考单词或短语的释义：

1.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ____. („99)

A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up

答案：C.

词汇辨析题：

主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析，这类题较难。

2.They are needed for ____ food into energy and body maintenance. („96)

A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming

答案：D.

固定短语搭配题：

3.With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ____ of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. („92)

A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit

答案：A.

(二) 语法题：

语法结构题，主要是考结构词：代词、介词和从句连接词。

4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (‟94)

A. that B. it C. so D. this 答案：B.

(三) 语篇题：

文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词. 这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解, 根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系, 去选择符合文章情节的答案, 这也叫情景意义的选择.

5.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)

A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile

答案：A.

三、完形填空的解题思路与技巧

1、整体浏览 抓住主题

在做完形填空题前，首先要整体浏览，对全文快速阅读一遍，了解文章的大意，掌握文章的主题，并留心文中的关键词，了解这篇短文说什么，发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等，这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此，了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：

例 1

Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parents should not 61(give)up reading to their children 62(after)they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children‟s 63(development).

“My 64(research) indicates that once children can read themselves, most parents stop reading 65(to) them,” Dr. Spreadbury says.

“ 66(That) may be at the end of the Year 1,which is far too 67(early).”

Dr. Spreadbury says 68(bedtime)reading not only gives children a good start at school, but brings parents and their children closer.

“This makes it 69(easier) for them to open up and talk to parents about things that are worrying them, or things they are 70(celebrating) in their everyday life.

从上述短文我们可以看出，„She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children‟s 63(development).‟是该短文的主题句，这是因为下面的三段都是围绕着这个主题展开的。

2、再读全篇 试填答案

在读第二遍时，对于一眼就能看出的答案，不必纠缠，马上就填入，对于那些看看有点像，但没有把握的答案，可以开始试填，待看完第二遍时，再来看看试填的答案，如发现先前填得不对，这时应该及时更正，这时你就会比较有把握，也比较有信 心了。 以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：

例 2

Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won‟t be too long before they are able to 71(prove) its existence. Their confidence is the 72(result) of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.

Ten Chinese 73(engineers), enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly 74(amazed) by what they saw. Three 75(tall) animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road. On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them. 77(However), when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great 78(speed) and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.

The men did not take any 79(photographs). However, scientists are 80(delighted) by the discovery, because the engineers were all very well educated people and scientists feel they can 81(rely on) what they described.

After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and 82(collected) some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animal‟s foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a 83(study) of the forest. But in the meantime, some people 84(refuse) to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is 85(real) until one of the animals has been caught.

71. a. prove b. analyze c. protect d. check

72. a. basis b. requirement c. result d. preparation

73. a. travelers b. engineers c. scientists d. explorers

74. a. frightened b. amazed c. upset d. inspired

75. a. trained b. rejected c. tall d. violent

76. a. shot at b. looked at c. fought with d. ran after

77. a. However b. Indeed c. Meanwhile d. Anyway

78. a. difficulty b. speed c. care d. pleasure

79. a. bullets b. tools c. medicines d. photographs

80. a. surprised b. delighted c. disturbed d. supported

81. a. rely on b. deal with c. write down d. pass on

82. a. cut b. pulled c. collected d. tore

83. a. film b. tour c. choice d. study

84. a. come b. refuse c. prefer d. have

85. a. wrong b. alive c. real d. correct

在做73题时，我们可以试选a. travelers , 因为后面有„enjoying a holiday in a National For est Park, were driving down a road.‟ 但我们再往下读时，就会发现travelers 不对，而应该选b. engineers , 因为在第二段我们会看到„On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped…‟ ，这里的the engineers 显然是指the men 和ten Chinese engineers 。再如74题，很多学生一开始会选a. frightened, 因为受了后面句子的影响：„Three __75____ animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road.‟ 特别是受到„covered with long dark hair‟的影响。当下文的空格完成以后，我们就会发现选frightened 不对，而应选b. amazed, 因为下文有 „On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them.‟如果中国工程师们 were frightened(frighten: vt. to fill with fear; alarm 充满恐惧；惊恐), 他们就不会stopped and ran after them. 所以要选amazed(astonished).这是一个非常典型的关于„再读全篇 试填答案‟的例子。当你做题目没有把握时，就先试填，待文章看完时再回过头来检查你试填的答案，这不失为做完形填空题的好方法之一。

3、瞻前顾后 寻找关联

完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解，不从单句入手，有时如果从某一个单句来理解，四个选项都可以填入，但从整个语篇来看，答案只有一个。以2002年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：

例 3

Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn‟t have done or something you didn‟t do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have. There‟s no 51( point) in getting dep ressed about it now―it‟s no 52( use) crying over spilt milk. However, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why 53(because) we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.

One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54(temper) with a friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55(anger) towards someone we are fond of than towards 56(strangers) . The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to 57 (let off) a bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences of 58(insulting) a stranger could be far more serious.

Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue and undoubtedly this is the 59(case). On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel, and then have found ourselves filled with

feelings of 60(guilt) . Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut?

51. a. reason b. purpose c. point d. result

52. a. use b. help c. value d. benefit

53. a. so b. because c. but d. though

54. a. mind b. memory c. manner d. temper

55. a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect

56. a. strangers b. friends c. relatives d. colleagues

57. a. run through b. throw away c. give up d. let off

58. a. inviting b. insulting c. speaking to d. believing in

59. a. issue b. case c. event d. factor

60. a. excitement b. happiness c. pride d. guilt

以做55题为例，单从这一句来看，四个选项a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect都可以填进去, 但从下文的„we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,‟(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。) „an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment‟ (一种在安全环境中可以宣泄怨气的机会) 。再从前文的„The odd thing is that …(奇怪的事是…), 因此第55题可以判断选anger, 这样才能符合题义：„奇怪的事是我们更经常地对我们喜欢的某些人发泄愤怒。‟在做这个题目的时候，我们„瞻前‟又„顾后‟，所以就比较顺利。再比如做54 题，我们也可以从下文的„we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,‟(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。) 和„an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment‟得到启示, 很容易看出要选d, 以构成lose our temper的结构。根据这一原则，我们就能顺利地选出56题的答案是a, strangers, 这是因为上文提到的„我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网‟，也就是说我们经常对朋友和亲戚发脾气比较安全，而对strangers 发脾气的后果就比较严重， 据此我们也就能够很容易得出结论58题应该选b, insulting 。我们在做完形填空题时，做到瞻前顾后，寻找关联，这样就能做到在高考中得高分。

4、完形完义 立足全局

做完形填空有两个程序：一是完形（选择选项，然后填补空白）；二是完义（阅读短文，然后理解短文）。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行，也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局。因此，我们在做完形填空题时，不能读一句做一句，更不能看到就填，这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义，再从局部到整体完形，完形完义，立足全局。以2001年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空 为例：

例4

Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more 61(refreshed) , in part due to increased amounts of deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring itself 62(physically) , as opposed to REM(rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise, especially 63(done) in the afternoon or early evening, produces more 64(deep sleep) early in the night. 65(Exercise)can also help you get a better night‟s sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness 66(caused) by exercise can improve sleep.

Exercise encourages weight loss and also may 67(relieve) depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delay the 68(nighttime) drop in your body‟s temperature. The 69(benefits) of exercise are especially important for older people, 70(since) exercise has been shown to increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the

time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime---working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily.

61. a. conscious b. peaceful c. effective d. refreshed

62. a. physically b. mentally c. emotionally d. regularly

63. a. made b. done c. functioned d. conducted

64. a. night‟s sleep b. dreaming sleep c. deep sleep d. REM

65. a. Exercise b. Dreams c. Researchers d. Doctors

66. a. recovered b. strengthened c. caused d. reduced

67. a. increase b. relieve c. release d. arouse

68. a. nighttime b. daytime c. dinnertime d. lifetime

69. a. disadvantages b. benefits c. ways d. places

70. a. yet b. if c. when d. since

在做完形填空题时，我们首先要找到主题句（topic sentence），以便抓住中心，了解文章的大意，这样做有利于我们做后面的填空。浏览一下本篇短文，我们就知道这篇短文的主题句就是：Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. 因此我们就知道这篇文章是谈论锻炼身体方面的。下文的填空就是关于这一方面的。我们在上文已经谈到“完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全 文，局部必须服从全局”的解题原则。在这一篇短文的第一段，我们从physical activity和in the body得到启示，62题应该填a. physically；从第二句和第三句的deep sleep得到启示，64题应填c. deep sleep; 62与64题的做法很典型地体现了“完形必须服从完义”，“单句必须服从段落”的原则。而61与63题则根据“瞻前顾后，寻找关联”的原则就可以解出, 一个人如果sleep better ，那么醒过来就会感到refreshed, 我们do exercise 而不是made, functioned, 或conducted exercise 。我们在做65题时，可以从第一段和第三段得到启示，第一段提到两处„physical activity‟ 和„physical exercise‟, 而第三段有5处exercise 或exercising, 结合第二段的意义，就不难看出65题应填a. Exercise. 再看69题，从单句的语法上看，四个选项都可以填进去，从单句的意义上看，benefits, ways, places三个选项都可以填进去，但从全文来看，特别是文章第一句的„regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit‟，就只有b. benefits填进去才对，而且是唯一的答案。65题和69题的做法体现了“完形必须服从完义”，“段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局”的原则。

5、复读全文 验证答案

题目做完以后，我们要把„完形‟后的全文再读一遍，看看是否„完义‟，检查自己对全文的理解是否准确，情节发展是否合理，全文前后上下是否符合逻辑，验证 自己完形的答案是否能使全文贯通流畅。