丘吉尔温斯顿

Winston Churchill (30 November 1874 –24 January 1965) was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, historian, writer, and artist. He is the only British Prime Minister who has ever received the Nobel Prize for Literature.

During his army career, Churchill saw action in India, in the Sudan and the Second Boer War. He gained fame and notoriety as a war correspondent and through contemporary books he wrote describing the campaigns. He also served briefly in the British Army on the Western Front in World War I, commanding the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers.

At the forefront of the political scene for almost fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of the Asquith Liberal government. During the war he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Battle of Gallipoli caused his departure from government. He returned as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air. In the interwar years, he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Conservative government.

After the outbreak of the Second World War, Churchill was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, he became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and led Britain to victory against the Axis powers. Churchill was always noted for his speeches, which became a great inspiration to the British people and embattled Allied forces.

After losing the 1945 election, he became Leader of the Opposition. In 1951, he again became Prime Minister before finally retiring in 1955. Upon his death the Queen granted him the honour of a state funeral, which saw one of the largest assemblies of statesmen in the world.

Winston Churchill was also an accomplished artist and took great pleasure in painting, especially after his resignation as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1915. He found a haven in art to overcome the spells of depression—or as he termed it, the "Black Dog"—which he suffered throughout his life. As William Rees-Mogg has stated, "In his own life, he had to suffer the 'black dog' of depression. In his landscapes and still lives there is no sign of depression". He is best known for his impressionist scenes of landscape, many of which were painted while on holiday in the South of France, Egypt or Morocco. He continued his hobby throughout his life and painted hundreds of paintings, many of which are on show in the studio at Chartwell as well as private collections. Most of his paintings are oil-based and feature landscapes, but he also did a number of interior scenes and portraits.

Despite his lifelong fame and upper-class origins Churchill always struggled to keep his income at a level that would fund his extravagant lifestyle. MPs before 1946 received only a nominal salary (and in fact did not receive anything at all until the Parliament Act 1911) so many had secondary professions from which to earn a living. From his first book in 1898 until his second stint as Prime

Minister, Churchill's income was almost entirely made from writing books and opinion pieces for newspapers and magazines. The most famous of his newspaper articles are those that appeared in the Evening Standard from 1936 warning of the rise of Hitler and the danger of the policy of appeasement.

Churchill was also a prolific writer of books, writing a novel, two biographies, three volumes of memoirs, and several histories in addition to his many newspaper articles. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values".Two of his most famous works, published after his first premiereship brought his international fame to new heights, were his six-volume memoir The Second World War and A History of the English-Speaking Peoples; a four-volume history covering the period from Caesar's invasions of Britain (55 BC) to the beginning of the First World War (1914).

温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔（Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill，1874年11月30日－1965年1月24日）英国政治家、演说家、军事家和作家，曾于1940年至1945年出任英国首相，任期内领导英国在第二次世界大战中联合美国等国家对抗德国，并取得了最终胜利，并自1951年至1955年再度出任英国首相。丘吉尔被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，对英国乃至于世界均影响深远。此外，他在文学上也有很高的成就，曾于1953年获诺贝尔文学奖。在2002年，BBC 举行了一个名为“最伟大的100名英国人”的调查，结果丘吉尔获选为有史以来最伟大的英国人。 丘吉尔，1874年11月30日出生于英国贵族家庭，毕业于英国皇家军事学院。1895年在第4轻骑兵团股役。他在军队中既是军人又是记者，为伦敦报刊撰写报道。

丘吉尔为历史上掌握英语单词词汇量最多的人之一(十二万多) 。被美国杂志《展示》列为近百年来世界最有说服力的八大演说家之一

写出了第一部著作《马拉坎德野战军纪实》，1898年该书在英国出版。之后他又相继出版了自己的小说《萨伏罗拉》和有关英国和苏丹战争的《河上的战争》。

主要作品

《马拉坎德远征史》、《河上战争》等，成名之后他的著作有《第二次世界大战回忆录》(6卷) 、《英语民族史》(4卷) 、《世界危机》(4卷) 、《马尔巴罗的生平与时代》(4卷) 等。 编辑本段获得荣誉

1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主，曾於1940－1945年及1951－1955年期间两度任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，带领英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。

丘吉尔的头上戴有许多流光溢彩的桂冠，他是著作等身的作家、辩才无碍的演说家、经邦治国的政治家、战争中的传奇英雄。他一生中写出了26部共45卷（本）专著，几乎每部著作出版后都在英国和世界上引起轰动，获得如潮好评，被翻译成多国文字在世界各国广为发行，以致《星期日泰晤士报》曾断言：“20世纪很少有人比丘吉尔拿的稿费还多。” 1953年，他被授予诺贝尔文学奖。他在一生中多次经历的议员竞选中，在议会的辩论中, 尤其是在第二次世界大战中的重要时刻，发表了许多富于技巧而且打动人心的演讲，给人们留下了极深的印象。他来生最愿意做的事是与王尔德对话，丘吉尔之所以青睐奥斯卡·王尔德很大程度上是因为王尔德的机智与辩才

他因动用海军经费改进和大量建造“陆地行舟”，使轮式装甲汽车演变成为威力巨大的现代坦克而被尊为“坦克之父”

养生奥秘

丘吉尔是英国前首相，世界著名的政治家。他一生历经磨难，长期肩负重担，但仍活了91 岁，这样的年龄在20 世纪60 年代以前是极其少见的。丘吉尔高寿的原因，归结起来主要有以下三条：[1]

意志坚强，宽宏大度

丘吉尔曾几次竞选首相失败，但他毫不气馁，仍然像“一头雄狮”那样去战斗，最后终于取得了成功。他说过：“我想干什么，就一定干成功。”他不但意志坚强，而且待人十分宽厚，能够谅解他人的过失，包括那些曾强烈反对过他的人。虚怀若谷，使他摆脱许多烦恼。 开朗乐观，诙谐幽默

丘吉尔被英国人称为“快乐的首相”。不论在公开场合，还是与家人在一起，他的谈话总是充满幽默感。甚至在生命垂危之时，他也没有忘记幽默。

善于休息，兴趣广泛

丘吉尔的兴趣相当广泛，音乐、美术、文学、军事、政治等，无所不通。在绘画上他也有很深的造诣，在文学上曾获诺贝尔奖金。如此广泛的爱好，陶冶了他的情操和博大的胸怀。 参考资料：