高中英语句子结构分析完成版
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1. 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
2. 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
3. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
His dream is to be a doctor.（不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有 be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, touch(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea. Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.
The door remains open.
4. 宾语：
1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）
We need two. （数词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake.
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）
We will make them happy. （形容词）
We found nobody in. (副词)
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）
Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
6. 主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
7. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）
He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
8. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
He didn’t study hard
基本句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语＋谓语 She came．/ My head aches. 主语＋谓语＋宾语 She likes English.
主语＋系动词＋表语 She is happy．
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语
She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
There +be
There be后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构。疑问句形式是将be或will/have/can/must等助动词、情态动词提至there之前，否定形式则直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加not，因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词+ 地点（时间）这一句型。
There is a lamp（灯） on the table.
There are some apples in the bowl.
There are five books,two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
There is a ruler,two pens and five books in the school bag.(就近原则) There lies a book on the desk.
1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；
10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；
17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语
练习