音标和五种基本句型

英语音标表

元音（20个）

辅音（28个）

英语五种基本句型

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）

二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）

四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词

从句等。主语一般在句首。

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。

基本句型 一：Ｓ │ Ｖ （vi.不及物动词）（主+谓）

不及物动词没有宾语，但能表达完整的意思。形成主谓结构. 1. The sun was shining then.. 2. The moon rose. 3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 4. Who cares?

5. Nothing happened in the room just now.

基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 系动词包括：be; look，seem, sound, smell, taste, feel; get, grow, become, turn : keep, stay, remain, fall等

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good.

3. He fell in love./ill /asleep 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong.

基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等 Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ

1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading.

4. They ate what was left over.

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基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，offer, buy, tell, call , show，teach，bring，pass等。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please. 1. I showed him my pictures. 2. I gave my car a wash.

3. I told him that the bus was late.

基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须在后面加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补） 1.The war made him a soldier..

2.New methods make the job easy.. 3.I often find him at work.

4.The teacher ask the students to close the windows. 5.I saw a cat running across the road.

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语

练习 划分句子成分。 A

1. He admits that he was mistaken. 2. What he said does not matter.

3. His face turned red. 4. She ordered herself a new dress. 5. They appointed him manager. 6. They found the house deserted. 7. They talked for half an hour.

8. The trouble is that they are short of money. 9. I saw them getting on the bus. 10. I want to have a cup of tea. 11.They won’t come today

12.Tom is looking for his watch.

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B

1.Our well has gone dry.

2.He showed me how to run the machine. 3.We usually watch TV on Saturday evening. 4. The pen writes smoothly 5. They painted the door green.

6. 7 I have bought this pen for two years. 7.The flowers smell sweet and nice． 8.Mr. Smith speaks very fast. 9 .He enjoys listening to music. 10.I stayed awake all the night.

11.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 12. He asked me to come back soon. C

1.He became a teacher at last

2. Mr. Green works in a university. 3. You can‘t agree with me 4. What makes him think so?

5.The weather still remained cold in April. 6 You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. 7.Kate often studies at school at night. 8.He passed the exam last year.

9.He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 10.I lend him my bicycle.

11.Her mother kept her in the room .

12.The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star.