省略to的动词不定式
大家都知道在动词不定式to do中,“to”是不定式的标志,有了这个to ,后面所跟的动词该用原形。但是to 也有可以省略的时候,这个时候虽然没有了to ,后面所跟的动词依然用原形。今天的每日一课就给大家总结一些省略to 的动词不定式。
1、 情态动词 ( 除ought 外) 后的to 已省略。
例:You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。
I can swim well. 我能游得很好。
2、 使役动词 let, have, make后,感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to 省略。
例:He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。
when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候,看见那个女孩在摘花。
注意:在这些词的用法中,用于被动语态时不能省去to 。
例:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.
3、 would rather/had better 后的to 省略。
例:I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。
4、 why …/why not…句型中not 后to 省略。
例:why not come to my home for a dinner tonight?
今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。
5、 help 后可带to ,也可不带to, help sb (to ) do sth:
6、 but 和except 后。but 前是实义动词do 时,后面出现的不定式不带to 。 比较:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。
7、 由and, or和than 连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:
例:He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。
8、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去to be。 例: He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
9、but 作介词,后结不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do 的形式时,but 后的不定式要省去to, 否则要带to.
例 he wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
10、当两个或多个不定式短语由连词and, but或or 连接时,后一个或几个不定式符号to 常可省去。但若表示对比、对照关系时,则不能省略。
例 he wants to move to France and marry the girl.
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
11、不定式做表语时,一般要带to, 但若主语部分中含有do 的各种形式时,符号to 可省去。
例 we ’ve missed the last bus.
All we could do now is walk home.
典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案:D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式,因此选D 。
2) Paul doesn’t have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案:B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式,当其用于被动时,to 不可省略。