过去分词作定语和表语的用法

　　过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。从性质上讲，过去分词相当于形容词和副词。因此它在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾补和状语。过去分词一般含有完成或被动的意思。下面我们重点学习其作定语和表语的用法：　　一、过去分词作定语　　1. 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。有的过去分词如given, left等习惯上后置。　　a lost animal 一只迷路的动物______　　a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票　　an injured finger 一根受伤的手指　　a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币　　Complete the sentences with the words given.　　用所给的词完成句子。　　注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只表示被动含义。　　spoken English 英语口语　　written exercises 书面练习　　少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成含义。　　fallen leaves 落叶　　the risen sun 升起来的太阳　　the advanced countries 发达国家　　a retired teacher 一名退休教师　　2．过去分词短语作定语常常放在被修饰的名词之后，表示被动或完成意义。　　How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!　　我多懊悔在树林里浪费的时光啊！　　I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth.　　我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。　　The books written by Lu Xun are popular．　　鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。　　We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．　　我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。　　注意：过去分词短语作定语时在意义上相当于一个定语从句。　　The book bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.　　The book that was bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.　　昨天买的这本书花了我十元钱。　　The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.　　The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.　　去年建的房子被这场地震毁了。　　二、过去分词作表语　　1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，前面的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。　　Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．　　听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。　　2. 过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：　　过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。　　This shop is now closed．　　这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)　　This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday．　　这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）　　注意：当用作表语的过去分词表示人的某种感情或情绪时，含有“感到……”之意，常用来修饰人。　　He was excited at being admitted to Beijing University.　　他很高兴被北京大学录取了。　　My son was very disappointed when he heard the news.　　听到这个消息我的儿子非常失望。　　练习　　1. From your______voice, I have to say that you are really______ .　　A. disappointed, disappointed　　B. disappointing, disappointing　　C. disappointed, disappointing　　D. disappointing, disappointed　　2. This is the problem______at the meeting yesterday.　　A. being discussed B. discussed　　C. to be discussed D. having discussed　　3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,______as 3M.　　A. knowing B. known　　C. being known D. to be known　　4. Don’t use words, expression or phrases______only to people with specific knowledge.　　A. being known B. having been known　　C. to be known D. known 　　5. The Olympic Games, ______in 776 BC， did not include women players until 1912.　　A. first played B. to be first played　　C. first playing D. to be first playing　　6. The flowers______sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.　　A. to smell B. smelling　　C. smelt D. to be smelt　　7. I like meals______ best. (cook)　　我最喜欢妈妈做的饭。　　8. Most of the people______ did not come. (invite)　　大多数被邀请参加晚会的人都没来。　　9. Why do you always______ ? Do you sleep well these days? (tire)　　你为什么总是看上那么疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？　　10. I____________the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better. (disappoint)　　我对昨晚看的电影很失望，我原以为它能好些。　　11. Everybody____________to hear the death of the famous film star．(shock)　　听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。　　12. It was cold and damp; the man put up his collar and put his hands to his______ (冻僵了的脸)。（freeze）　　天气又冷又潮，那个男人把领子竖起来，然后把手放在冻僵了的脸上。　　参考答案　　1～6 ABBDAB　　7. cooked by mum　　8. invited to the party　　9. look so tired　　10. was very disappointed with　　11. was shocked　　12. frozen face