globalization视频英语原文

the world is becoming more and more interconnected

0:10

never before in human history has there existed such an intense relationship 0:13

between international trade

0:15

communication and politics the term globalization is all around us

0:19

sometimes as an opportunity sometimes as a new challenge

0:23

but what exactly does globalization mean and water its ramifications

0:28

even though the term globalization is frequently used

0:32

it is not easy to define one thing is clear: in today's world

0:36

economic environmental social and political issues and problems

0:40

are no longer limited to the national level because the world has become so 0:43

interdependent

0:44

reasonable governance can only be realized within broader group of

0:48

stakeholders

0:49

for example state confederation such as the European Union

0:52

regional economic organizations like the OECD

0:55

portable world

1:01

today modern communication technology and mass media

1:04

like radio TV phones or internet

1:07

our global standard this means that information can be distributed worldwide 1:12

in real time at affordable prices for instance

1:18

the average price of a telephone call from New York to London

1:21

has decreased by 99 percent since nineteen thirty

did

1:28

international TV broadcasters deliver information

1:31

opinions and cultural products the most remote areas

1:38

the cost for transportation of products and persons trapped by 65 percent since 1:42

nineteen thirty

1:44

due to low fuel prices and the development of new means of

1:46

transportation

1:48

in particular container shipping air freight costs have dropped even more 1:52

eighty-eight percent on

1:56

the freight charges per ton of coffee delivered from Asia to Europe

2:00

only counts for one percent price on

2:05

such developments are the result of technological advancements

2:09

but there are some aspects which were introduced purposefully as well 2:13

since the nineteen eighties the richer more industrialized countries work 2:17

towards removing trade barriers

2:18

such as tariffs import quotas and fans

2:21

worldwide first new technologies

2:29

decreasing transportation costs and the liberalization of international trade 2:33

has made it possible and profitable for major companies to produce and sell 2:38

worldwide let's take a glance at the three main areas of globalization

2:43

the economic sphere is a particular importance

2:46

it is a major catalyst for globalization

and is at the same time the most affected area

2:53

international exports have increased 30-fold

2:57

in the last 60 years the foreign direct investment companies and governments 3:05

has increased substantially it's written from $13 billion dollars per year 3:11

in nineteen seventy to more than one point a trillion today

3:15

up

3:19

many companies are searching for new markets and opportunities for cheap 3:22

production

3:23

in countries with low wages and soft environmental regulations

3:27

the number of such multinational corporations

3:30

rose from 7000 to 65,000

3:34

since the 1990s %uh similar to the world economy

3:42

international politics is also more interdependent today

3:45

most important policy issues like climate change the financial crisis

3:50

for terrorism do not care about borders

3:53

such problems cannot be solved by a single state along

3:58

politics tries to react by attempting to make decisions

4:01

in broader group of countries like the EU the g20

4:05

or even the United Nations at the same time

4:09

they're more and more international pressure group which do not belong to a 4:13

particular state

4:14

the so-called non-governmental organizations

or NGOs were able to exert influence in politics related to their field of work 4:23

examples include Greenpeace Amnesty International

4:28

or attack a global public forum evolves through the previously mentioned new 4:34

possibilities have communication

4:36

ngos use this in order to influence politics

4:44

international political problems and the emergence of new global actors like NGOs 4:48

in multinational corporations

4:50

lead to a decrease have the political attitude of single States

4:53

especially if small states the influence of globalization can be observed in our 5:02

culture as well

5:03

one aspect is often referred to as macworld

5:08

the term describes how Western culture especially popular culture

5:12

becomes dominant and destroys cultural diversity

5:16

the global distribution and western music news

5:19

products even the English language promotes this effect

5:23

on to counter globalization

5:26

we can also see backlash for example

5:30

people are increasingly returning to local and regional cultural customs 5:35

globalization is a very complex development

5:39

some countries benefit more others benefit less

5:43

newly industrialized countries like Taiwan and South Korea

5:47

as well as the rapidly developing India Brazil and China

gain considerable advantage from their integration into the world economy 5:54

they can build up their factories with foreign direct investment in

5:58

infrastructure

5:59

and sell their products internationally due to the low wages in these countries 6:04

these products are very competitive on the world market

6:07

China represents a perfect example

6:12

how broader population can benefit to it's fast economic growth

6:17

has enabled $500 million chinese to leave extreme poverty

6:20

on the other hand

6:24

their whole regions who are suffering more than they're benefiting from 6:27

globalisation

6:28

this is particularly true for most sub-saharan African countries

6:33

such countries are not prepared to fish in Li

6:36

for Titan international competition the cheap products produced by industrial 6:40

a newly industrialised countries but the local markets and destroy local 6:44

production facilities

6:45

moreover these countries are not attractive for foreign investors

6:50

thus they cannot walk the same route as the newly industrialized countries 6:54

on globalization is both

6:58

threat an opportunity for industrialized countries on the one hand 7:02

they can acquire new markets for their industrial goods on the other hand 7:06

they're facing the competition newly industrialized countries

the can produce at lower costs specifically

7:13

production of simple good is no longer profitable very few products 7:18

like textiles toys are white goods purcell produced in industrialized 7:22

countries

7:22

up

7:25

on it becomes clear

7:29

if localization takes place at many areas such as politics

7:33

culture and the economy declining costs of transport and communication 7:38

and the global liberalization markets the field this trend

7:42

while some countries benefit from globalization

7:45

it is exacerbated problems and others thus

7:49

globalization presents both new opportunities and

7:53

new challenges