当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时
.当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级
1.表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。
Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class.
He jumps the highest of the three boys.
This is the best book that I have ever read.
2.表示“最„的„中一个”,用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。
Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。
注意:(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不能要定冠词the.
(二)常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among
I. :最高级:
A. 概念:表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级。
最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围。
B. 句型:A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of(in)„
e.g Tom is the happiest of us all. 汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。
C. of„和in„的区别
i. “of+复数”表示“在„„之中的”;“在„„中”
of the four„„ 在四个之中;of all(people) 在所有的人之中
ii. “in+范围、场所”译为“在„„之中”;“在„„之内”
in China 在中国;in the world 在世界上;in my family 在我们家
D. one of the +最高级,表示“是最„„之一者”
e.g Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。
注:one of the +最高级,后面要加上名词的复数,即为”one of the +最高级+复数名词”
E. “most+复数名词”、“most of the+复数名词或most of+代词”,表示“大多数,大部分的„„”
e.g Most of the boys are good. 大多数的男孩是好样的。
II. 原级:as„as„; not as(so)„as„
We’ll give you as much help as we can.
She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.
A. too„to与 so
„that sb.can’t„的句型转换:
e.g The man was too angry to be able to speak.
The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.
B. too„to„与 not enough to句型的转换:
He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
C. 形容词原级表示比较级含义:
John is not so stupid as Mike. =John is less stupid than Mike. =John is cleverer than Mike.
III. 比较级特殊表达:
A. 用比较级表示最高级:
John is taller than any other boy in the class.
=John is the tallest boy in the class.
=John is taller than any other boy.
any of the other boy. =all the other boy. =any of the others. =any one else.
B. the more„.. the more„.表示“越„„越„„”:
The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
C. more and more„.表示“越来„„越„„”:
IV. 错误辨析:
A. 比较对象混淆不清
[典型错误] My bike is newer than you.
[应改为]My bike is newer than yours.
此处比较对象是bike,而不是某个人。
B. 主格、宾格时有差异
一般说来,than后可接主格代词,也可接宾格代词。但有时,用主格和宾格却有不同的含义。例如:
Mother loves me better than he(loves me).母亲爱我胜过他爱我。
Mother loves me better than him.母亲爱我胜过爱他。
C. 注意比较级前的修饰语
[典型错误]Your watch is very newer than mine.
very绝不可用来修饰比较级,常用来修饰比较级的词有much,a little等。
D. 比较级是两者相比,具有排它的特点
不可说:Shanghai is bigger than any city in China.
应改为:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
注:如不属同一范围,则不用other。如:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Italy.上海比意大利任何城市都大。
E. 最高级特殊句型
1."one of +形容词最高级+复数名词"表示"最......之一"。如:
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。
2."序数词+形容词最高级+单数可数名词"表示"第几......"。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二大河。
the + 最高级 + 比较范围(in表示环境范围;of或among表示对象范围)
He is the tallest of / among the boys.
He is the tallest in his class.
最高级前不加the情况:
①作表语的形容词最高级前,如果不是和别人(或别物)相比,常不加the
We are busiest on Monday.
②形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不再加the
Wang Hai is my best friend.
③最高级形式有时并不表示最高级概念,它只表示非常或“在很大程度上”,这时前边一般不加the It’s a most important question. = It’s a very important question.
倍。
(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都„„”,含义是“甲最„„”。
例如,The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
注意:The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。
“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都„„”,含义是“甲最„„”。
例如,Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
注意:Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)