高中英语句子成分
句子成分(Members of a sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
定义 :构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分
I定义:是一个句子所叙述的主体。一般位于句首,但在there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 II主语的表现形式
1. 名词 Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.
2. 代词 Who is the man standing over there?
3. 数词 Two times five is ten.
4. 不定式
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5. 动名词 Smoking does harm to the health.
6. 名词化的形容词 7. 从句
8. it作形式主语 B.谓语
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I定义:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。 II谓语的构成
1. 简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. 2. 复合谓语
(1) 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
YYou’He has caught a bad cold.
(2) 由系动词加表语构成。
I定义:用于说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如sound, feel, taste , look, get, go, become, remain, turn等)之后。
II 表语的表现形式
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
1. 名词 My teacher of English is an American. 2. 代词
Is it yours?
That’s all I want to tell you.
3. 形容词 4. 分词 The speech is exciting. 5. 数词 6. 不定式 7. 动名词 8. 介词短语 2
9. 副词 Time is up. The class is over.
My father isn’10. 表语从句
I定义:表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。 II 宾语的表现形式
1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词
---How many dictionaries do you have? 4. 名词化的形容词或分词 We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.
5. 不定式(短语) She didn’t know what to do next.
6. 动名词(短语) He practises speaking English every day.
7. 从句 I think (that) he is fit for his office. III宾语的种类
1. 直接宾语 2. 间接宾语 3. 复合宾语 The next day he found himself in the hospital when he woke. 4. 介词宾语 3
I.定义:有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态,以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
II.宾语补足语的表现形式
1. 用名词表示 His father named him Jim. 2. 用形容词及其短语表示 We believed the report untrue. 3. 用不定式及其短语表示 4. 用现在分词及其短语表示 5. 用过去分词及其短语表示 6. 用as引出宾语补足语
常用的有regard/ treat / take / consider / look upon…as I look upon him as my teacher.
7. 用介词短语表示 Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.
8. 用副词表示 Let the fresh air in. .
9. 用从句表示
We will make our city what your city is now.
I.定义:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
II.定语的表现形式
1. 形容词 2. 分词(短语) China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 3. 名词 4
coffee cup stone bridge shoe shop
4. 代词 5. 数词
6. 名词所有格
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.
Y7. 不定式 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 8. 动名词 You mustn’9. 介词短语 10. 副词 The man in the room below is friendly.
11. 从句
I.定义:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
II.状语的表现形式
1. 副词及副词性词组 2. 介词短语 He has lived in the city for ten years.
3. 不定式(短语) The box is too heavy for me to lift.
4. 分词(短语) Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to study English well.
5. 名词(短语) Would you please come this way?
6. 从句 III.状语的种类
1. 时间状语
5
2. 原因状语
Last night I didn’Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.
3. 条件状语
4. 地点状语 5. 方式状语 6. 伴随状语 7. 目的状语 8. 结果状语 9. 让步状语 10. 程度状语 I quite agree with you.
11. 比较状语 The more I speak English, the better I will be.
H.同位语
I.定义:位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况。
II.同位语的表现形式
1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 He is the oldest among them four.
4. 从句 He told me the news that I am interested in.
5. 由such as, that is (to say) 引导 6. 由of引导 6
7. 由or引导 ordinary pressure.
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