祈使句和感叹句.therebe句型
慧乐教育第八讲 句型（2）
一、祈使句
（一）教材例句
1. Open the door, Daisy.
2. Don't be late again.
以上的两个句子没有主语， 表示命令或建议，这样的句子是祈使句。
（二）语法全解
1. 祈使句基本概念：祈使句是英语中的基本句型之一，表示说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等，往往表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等。祈使句一般
没有主语，句末用感叹号或句号，肯定结构都以动词原形开头。
3. Go and ask the teacher.
4. Come and meet my family.
2. 祈使句基本结构
（1）肯定句式有三种形式：
Do型（以动词原形开头）
Sit down!
Stand up!
Be型（Be+表语，如名词、形容词）
Be quiet!
Let型（Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分）
Let me help you.
注意：为了祈使句的句式委婉、客气，常加上please一词，构成句式Please...
或...，please.
Come here please.
Please look after your little sister.
（2）祈使句的否定结构是在动词原形前加don't
Please don't go there.
Don't be late.
Don't let him in.
注意：Let's型祈使句，其否定形式也可以用Let's not do...
Let's not sit here.
二、感叹句
（一）教材例句
以上三个句子含有丰富的感情色彩，表达自己的感受，句子末尾都用了感叹号，
用what或how开头，这是感叹句。
（二）语法全解
1. 基本表达概念：用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情色彩的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句用what或how 引导，句末常用感叹号。
What a clever boy he is!
How tall the man is!
2. 基本结构
1．感叹句可由“what＋名词＋主语＋谓语„„！”构成。
what引导的感叹句还可分为以下三类：
（1）What ＋a（an）＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
例如： What a fine day it is today！今天天气真好！
（2）What＋形容词＋复数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
例如：What good students they are！
他们真是好学生！
（3）What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
例如： What noise they are making! 他们多吵啊!
What cold weather it is!今天天气多冷啊!
What bad weather we are having ！今天的天气真糟糕！
2．还有一类感叹句是由how引导，常有以下几类：
（1）How＋形容词＋主语＋系动词„„！
例如：How cold it is today！今天真冷啊！
（2）How＋副词＋主语＋实义动词„„！
例如： How fast they are running ！他们跑得真快！
How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
（3）How＋形容词＋a（an）＋单数可数名词＋主语＋系动词＋„„！
例如： How good an example he set for us！
他给我们树立了多么好的榜样！
How clever a boy he is! 他是一个多聪明的男孩啊!
一、把下列句子改为感叹句
二、按要求改写下列句子
1 Lucy is a very clever girl （用what改为感叹句）
_______________________________________________________
2 Lily is a very beautiful girl （用how 改写为感叹句）
________________________________________________________
3 The students are playing basketball happily （ 用how 改写为感叹句）
______________________________________________________
4 The books are very new （ 用what 改写为感叹句) ________________________________________________________
5 The story is very interesting （ 用what 改写为感叹句) ________________________________________________________
6 The book is very interesting （用how改写为感叹句） ________________________________________________________
7 King Kang’s lecture is wonderful（用how 改写为感叹句)
________________________________________________________
8 the news is very important （用what 改写为感叹句)
__________________________________________
There be 句型课程讲解（一）
一、 There be 句型的用法：
表示某个地方存在某物或某人，Be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变
化。如：房间里有一张桌子。There is a table in the room.
区别: 表达一个人拥有某样东西时则用have/has,如:我有一张桌子。I have a
table.
二、 There be 句型的结构：
There is+第三人称单数可数/不可数主语+地点状语
例：There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。 There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There are+复数主语+地点状语
例：There are four apples on the tree. 树上有四个苹果。
There are many flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。
There is+第三人称单数可数+V-ing+地点状语
例：There is a bird singing in the tree. 树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There is a baby sleeping in the room. 房间里有一个宝宝正在睡觉。
There are+复数主语+V-ing+地点状语
例：There are some birds singing in the tree.
树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。
There are two boys running on the street.
街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。
There be 句型的疑问句及回答（二）
一、There be 句型的疑问
1. 在“There is/are...”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。难点:句中出现的some要改成any。
2. 肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are.
3. 否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
结构分析： Be动词+there+主语„„？
1． There is an apple on the tree.
Is there an apple on the tree?
肯定回答: Yes, there is.
否定回答: No, there isn’t.
2. There are five pens on the desk.
Are there five pens on the desk?
肯定回答: Yes, there are.
否定回答: No, there aren’t.
3. There is some water in the cup.
Is there any water in the cup?
肯定回答: Yes, there is.
否定回答: No, there isn’t.
There be 句型的否定形式（三）
一． There be 句型的否定：
否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可，但要注意的是句中的some
改成any.
1. There is a knife in the kitchen.
否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.
2. There are five apples on the tree.
否定:There are not five apples on the tree.
3. There is some ink in the bottle.
否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.
4. There are some birds singing in the tree.
否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.
二． There be否定句型中的not any与no可以互换。
not any强调一个都没有。
1. There are not any books in the bag.
=There are no books in the bag.
2. There is no baby crying in the room.
=There is not any baby crying in the room.
3. There are no students in the classroom.
=There are not any students in the classroom.
4. There is not any milk in the bottle.
=There is no milk in the bottle.
There be 句型的练习题
一、选择题：
1. A．a B.an C.some
2. There is ______ rocking chair in my bedroom. (Level1---5S)
A. a B.an C.five
3. There are _____ new books for you. (Level2---1T)
A. a B.an C.two
4. There is _______ ruler on the desk. (Level2---1S)
A. a B.an C.some
5. There is________cap on the desk. (Level2---1S)
A. One B.an C.three
6. There are ______ pencil boxes in the book bag. (Level2---1S)
A. a B.an C.two
二. 把下例句子改成疑问句:
1. There are four apples on the ground. (Level2---1S)
疑问句:_______________________________________
2. There are five birds in the tree. (Level2---1S)
疑问句:_______________________________________
5. There are five birds singing in the tree. (Level2---1S)
疑问句:_______________________________________
6. There is an armchair in the living room. (Level2---2S)
疑问句:______________________________________
7. There’s a sofa in the living room. (Level2---2S)
疑问句:______________________________________
8. There’s a rubber duck in the bathmat. (Level2---3S)
疑问句:______________________________________
三.把下例句子改成否定句:
1. There are two bowls on the table. (Level2---4S)
否定句:__________________________________________
2. There are some beautiful flowers in the garden. (Level2---5S)
否定句:__________________________________________
3. There is a tree in the garden. (Level2---5S)
否定句:___________________________________________
4. There is an apple tree in the garden. (Level2---5S)
否定句:____________________________________________
四. 按要求改句子(…not any…=…no…)
1. There are not any cats in my family.
=_________________________________________
2. There is not any milk in the bottle.
=_________________________________________
3. There are no teachers in the school.
=_________________________________________
五、用There be 句型翻译下列句子
1. 教室里有很多桌子和凳子。
2. 冰箱有很多水果。
3. 小猫有一身干净而洁白的毛。
4. 树上有两个风筝和一只鸟。
树上有一只鸟和两个风筝。
5. 书桌里有三本故事书和一个书包。
6. 苹果树上没有苹果。（方法：将这句话变成肯定句子，然后在变成否定句）
7. 树上没有三个苹果但是有三个风筝。
8. 家里没有人。（此句要注意people实是复数的问题。）
9. 书架上有很多书。