出国留学英语术语的说法
出国常用术语的说法
Today,when I am chatting with one of my classmates,encounter it,so I googled more about it:
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How to say "师兄"
During a delightful meeting with some readers last week at Beijing Institute of Technology, a student from Renmin University of China asked: "How to say ' 师兄/师姐' in English?"
That's a good question.
" 师兄/师姐", or "师弟/师 妹" ，is from Chinese martial arts culture. Fellows learning from the same master (师 父) are "senior/junior male /female fellow apprentices". As the
saying goes, "The master teaches the trade, but the apprentice's skill is self- made" (师父领进门，修行在个人).
On campus these words refer to students who're studying in or have graduated from the same major at the same university. "Alumnus" (校 友) may be the closest word in English. But a sentence like "John and I are both alumni of Ohio University" indicates both John and the speaker have graduated.
So, to translate "师兄师姐" into English, we have to describe instead of using single words.
Several suggestions are:
* "We're both majoring in business at Ohio University." (我们是在俄亥俄大学学商务的同门。)
* "She shares the same major as me but is senior/junior to me." (她是跟我同专业的师姐/师妹。)
* "He's in my same major but a year ahead." (他是跟我同专业的上届师兄。)
* "He's in my major but a year below/behind me." (他是跟我同专业的下届师弟。) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
师兄
shīxiōng
[senior fellow apprentice]∶称先与自己从同一个师父学习的人
[the son of one's master (older than oneself)]∶称师父的儿子中年龄比自己大的人
[father's apprentice (older than oneself)]∶称父亲的徒弟中年龄比自己大的人
[a polite form of address to a monk]∶旧时对和尚的尊称
but sb said that its called senior apprentice or senior shoolmate,I think either is ok,because it just be a word of Chinese English.
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导师的英语表达：supervisor(论文导师）,
注意tutor 是不对的！tutor 在大学里面相当于国内的辅导员，比助教还低一个档次的教师。sometimes use the word advisor,but supervisor is formal.
助教： tutor
讲师 lecturer
教授 professor
导师supervisor
博士生导师：doctoral supervisor或者是PHD supervisor
另：博导 Ph.D supervisor ; doctoral advisor
导师：supervisor ， advisor
来自中国日报常用词汇表
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
常用教育词汇英译
人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources
辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver
基金会 foundation
服务性行业 service trade
在职培训 on-the-job/in-service training
国际劳工组织 International Labor Organization
基础科学 the fundamentals
学分制 the credit system
三学期制 the trimester system
双学士制 a double BA degree system
主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field
教学、科研、生产的" 三结合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching,research, and
production
三结合联合体 tripartite complex
定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers
包分配 guarantee job assignments
燎原计划 the Prairie Fire Program
示范试点 demonstration pilot project
结合、使加入 incorporate
动员 mobilize
税收 tax revenue
多学科的 multi-disciplinary
重点大学 key university
授予（学士）confer
被授权 be authorized to do
博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies
专业 speciality
爱国人士 patriotic personage
国家发明奖 National Invention Prize
国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences
国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology
学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium
记者招待会 press conference
国家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commission
国家统计局 the State Statistical Bureau
国家教育经费 national expenditure on education
财政拨款 financial allocation
半文盲 semiliterate; functional illiterate
毕业论文 thesis; dissertation
毕业实习 graduation field work
毕业设计 graduation design
毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement
毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate
毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal
博士生导师 Ph.D advisor; doctoral advisor(supervisor)
授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb.
升级 to be promoted to a higher grade
留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down
补考 make-up examination
升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school
升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
奖学金 scholarship
（国家）助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy
领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student
学费 tuition (fee)
伙食费 board expenses
伙食补助 food allowance
占百分比 account for ...%
专任教师 full-time teacher
资料中心 data center
国际文化交流 intercultural communication
教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education
教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和 接班人。
Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with
productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed
morally, intellectuall and physically.
适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向二十一世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。 a socialist education system with distince Chinese characteristics that meets
the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century
坚持社会主义方向
to keep to the socialist orientation
身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well.
德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and
ability
成为有理想，有道德，有文化，守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline
教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来
Gear educaiton to the needs of modernization, the world and the future
爱国主义教育 education in patrotisem
国际主义教育 education in internationalism
集体主义教育 education in collectivism
共产主义教育 education in communism
共产主义道德品质 communist ethics
政治思想教育 political and ideological education
五爱（爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物）
"Five Love": love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good
care of public property.
教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge
培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力
to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently 启发学生独立思考的能力
to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves 培养学生自学能力
to foster the students' ability to study on their own
发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativeness
自学成才 to become educated through independent study
启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method
填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching
普及教育 universal education
义务教育 compulsory education; free education
学前教育 preschool education
初等教育 elementary education
中等教育 secondary education
高等教育 higher/tertiary education
普遍教育 general education
成人教育 adult education
职业技术教育 vocational and technical education
高等学校 institution of higher education
综合性大学 comprehensive university
文科大学 university of liberal arts
文科院校 colleges of art
理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering
师范大学 normal university; teachers' university
师范学院 teachers' college
工业大学 polytechnical university
工业学院 engineering institute
农业大学 agricultural university
农学院 agricultural college
医科大学 medical university
医学院 medical college/school
中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine
音乐学院 conservatory of music
美术学院 academy of fine arts
体育学院 physical culture institute
分校 branch school
重点学校 key school
业余学校 spare-time school
业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers
电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university
函授学院 correspondence school
教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies
成人夜校 night school for adults
业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school
半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school
中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school
中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school
职业学校 vocational school
附中 attached middle school
在职进修班 in-service training course
进修班 class for advanced studies
短训班 short-term training course
专修科 special (training) course
自学考试 self-taught examination
教职员 teaching and administrative staff
教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff
中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal
大专院校校长 president; chancellor
教务长 dean of studies
（系）主任 chairman; chairperson
副主任 vice-chairman
教授 professor
副教授 associate professor
客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor
讲师 lecturer
助教 assistant
专职教师 full-time teacher
兼职教师 part-time teacher
辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work
教研室/组 teaching and research section/group
教学组 teaching group
教员休息室 staff room; common room
母校 Alma Mater
校友 alumnus; alumna
学生会 students' union/association
高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades 低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades 走读生 day student; non-resident student
住宿生 boarder
旁听生 auditor
研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)
应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates
听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture 公开课 open class
课程 course; curriculum
必修课 required/compulsory course
选修课 elective/optional course
基础课 basic course
专业课 specialized course
课程表 school timetable
课外活动 extracurricular activities
课外辅导 instruction after class
课外阅读 outside reading
课堂讨论 class discussion
（大学的）研究小组；讨论会 seminar
教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus
教学内容 content of courses
学习年限 period of schooling
学历 record of formal schooling
学年 school/academic year
学期 (school)term; semester
学分 credit
分数 mark; grade
五分制 the 5-grade marking system
百分制 100-mark system
学习成绩 academic record; school record
成绩单 school report; report card; transcript
基本框架 basic framework
办学效益 efficiency in school management
协调发展 doordinated and balanced program of development 教育投入 input in education
优化教师队伍 optimize the teaching staff
实行分区规划 practice regional planning
社会参与 communal participation
新增劳动力 incoming labor force
职前教育 pre-service education
岗位培训 undergo job-specific training
提高...... 的思想品德 enhance the moral awareness of ... 职业道德 professional ethics
重点学科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study
（大学）专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher
education programs 扫盲班 literacy class 注册人数 enrollment
年龄段（层）age bracket 反复灌输 inculcate 希望工程 Project Hope 学龄儿童 school-ager