胡同的起源(历史)
●胡同的起源
The Origin of Hutong 据专家考证,胡同二字源于蒙古语,发音为Hottog,意指“水井”。当年,有水的地方为居
According to experts,the word hutong originated from the Mongolian language,pronounced hottog and meaning “well”,In ancient times,people tended to gather 民聚集之地,因此,胡同的本意应为居民聚集之地。
and live around well,So the original meaning of hutong should be “a place where people gather together and live。” ●胡同的命名
The Naming of alleys 1. 以典型建筑或遗址命名
Named after distinctive-featured buildings or historic sites
如:东城区交道口南的府学胡同,因明清两代的顺天府学坐落于这里而得名 Example: Fuxue Alley, located to the south of jiaodaokou in Dongcheng District, was named after the Shuntian Fuxue,an educational institute of the Ming and Qing
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Dynasties, in the alley. 2. 以人物姓氏命名
Named after historical figures
如:东城区文丞相胡同以南宋丞相文天祥姓氏命名。
Example:Wenchengxiang Alley in Dongcheng District was named after WenTianxiang, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. 3. 以地形特色及景物命名
Named after geographical features and scenic sites 如:▲西城区有个玉带胡同,那里地形为U字型,行人又胡同这个街口到那个街口,还能出现在同一条街上。如同古代文官所佩的玉带一样,所以称作玉带胡同。
Examples: There is an alley named Yudai in Xicheng District. The alley is shaped like “U”. People can go from one end of the alley to the other and appear in the same street. The alley has got the name for it looks like the jade belt worn by high-ranking civil officials in ancient China.
▲ 崇文区珠市口东大街中段的三里河大街,是以明代开凿于此地的三里河命名的。
Sanlihe Dajie , located in the middle section of the East
Zhushikou Dajie in
Chongwen District, was named after the Three-Li River dug there in the Ming Dynasty. 4. 以商业故地或商品名称命名
Named after ancient trading quarters or certain commodities
如:东四以南的灯市口大街,从明朝开始,就是有名的灯市,因此有了灯市口这个地方。 Example: Dengshikou Dajie to the south of Dongsi is where, dating from the Ming Dynasty, a well-known lantern fair was once located, thus having left the name Dengshikou.
● 胡同建筑造型艺术
The Architectural & Decorative Arts of Alley
胡同中矗立的一座座坐落整齐的平房,四合院,它们也是千姿百
态,活灵活现,有些是只能在胡同中看到的建筑设计。下面就让我给大家说说吧!
1. 广亮大门 Guangliang Gates
2. 有特色的如意门 Distinctive Ruyi Gates 3. 鼓形门枕石 (俗称:门墩儿) Drum-shaped gate pillows ( or gate piers)
4. 方形门枕石 Rectangular gate pillows 5. 胡同中的下马碑
6. 胡同中的古槐树 Old locust tree in alley
7. “泰山石敢当”刻石 Stones Inscribed with “Shi Gandang of Mount Tai”
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8. 上下马石和拴马桩 Stepping-stones for mounting or dismounting from a horse and posts for tethering horses 9. 照壁 Screen walls
10.精美的门头砖雕 Exquisite brick carvings on the gate lintels
胡同名称演变
1. 在胡同名称后面或前面加上大小,东西南北,前后等方位性限定词
如:马厂胡同今为前马厂胡同
2. 原并没有称为胡同,后在地名中加上胡同二字。 如:小石桥今为小石桥胡同
3. 音同字不同,一些胡同名称的发音并没有改变但书面文字写
法变化
如:绵花胡同今为棉花胡同 4. 转音
如:豆腐陈胡同今为豆腐池胡同 5. 增减字数
如:净土寺胡同今为净土胡同 6. 简称
如:武定侯胡同今未定侯胡同 7. 改回原来的名称
如:教子胡同清朝代称轿子胡同今为教子胡同
街变胡同,胡同变街
如:福祥寺街今为福祥寺胡同 9. 排条胡同名称的变化
如:明代成宜坊内的头条到三条则称为花枝巷、南骆驼湾、南半壁胡同
10.完全变化 如:极乐寺胡同今为永康胡同
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