初中英语 副词专题
专题五 副词
知识清单
要点一 副词的分类及功能 要点三 副词的比较级 要点二 副词的位置
要点四 常见副词的用法及解析
要点一 副词的分类及功能
1.副词的分类 (1) 时间副词
时间副词有now,then. today. tomorrow. yesterday. before. ago. soon. immediately. lately. early. sometimes. often. always. usually. already. yet. ever. never等。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志,所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。 (2) 地点副词
地点副词有outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,in,back,off,up,anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。 (3) 方式副词
方式副词有quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast,again等。方式副词大多有“形容词+ly”构成。 (4) 程度副词
程度副词有very,quite,rather,too,much,so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级,有些能修饰形容词比较级。 (5) 频度副词
频度副词有sometimes,often,always,never等。频度副词一般和一般现在时连用,表示动作发生的频率。 (6) 疑问副词
疑问副词有when,where,why,how,how long,how soon,how often,how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。 (7) 关系副词
关系副词有when,where,why,how等。关系副词常用来引导从句。 (8) 其他副词
如luckily,finally,perhaps等,用于整个句子进行说明。 2. 副词的语法功能 (1)作状语
①修饰动词,如:
It’s raining天正下着大雨。
They’re 他们受到学生们的热烈欢迎。 ②修饰形容词,如:
You’re 你非常正确。 ③修饰其他副词,如:
Don’t drive 别骑得太快。
汤姆和苏珊都不太会游泳。 ④修饰介词短语,如:
——Where is the broom?扫帚在哪儿? ——就在门后。 ⑤修饰从句,如:
这正是他所说的。
⑵作定语。有少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语,放在所修饰词的后面。如: 这的同志对我都非常和善。
⑶作表语。作表语的副词多数是表示位置的。如:in. out. on. back. down. up. off. away. upstairs等,如: 他在家。
你何时回来? ⑷作宾语补足语。如:
上周六我看见你和我姐姐一起出去了。 互动训练
1.1 When he heard a cry for help. he ran out as ___as he could . A.hardly B.quickly C.finally 1.2—I haven’t been to the Great Wall yet. —I haven’t been there.__. A. too
B. also
C. either
D. neither D.slowly
1.3 —Miss Gao is very popular with her students. —Yes. Her classes are ___lively and interesting. A. seldom B. never
C. sometimes D .always
1.4—____has the foreign teacher been Shanghai? —For one year. A.How often
B.How soon C.How long D. How far
1.5—do you take exercise ?
—Three times a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How much 1.6 Don’t worry. Wendy can look after your bird ____ when you’re out. A. care
B. careful
C. careless D.carefully
1.7Helen was so excited at the news that she could ___say a word. A. ever B. almost
C. hardly D. always
1.8—Do you consider you a rude person? —____not. I always have good manners. A.Probably
B.Usually
C.Generally D.Certainly
1.9 I can___ be a nurse. I’m not a very patient person. A. seldom B. ever
C. never
D. always
1.10 — Where would you like to go on your summer holiday. Mike? — I’d like to go _____. A.somewhere
B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
1..11 (填空) It’s so _____ ______(相当难的一项) job.
要点二 副词的位置
1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末。同时出现时间副词和地点副词时,其顺序为地点、时间。如:
Write down your name here.把你的名字写在这里。
I’ll see him at the school gate tomorrow. 明天我将在校门口见他。
2.频度副词:通常放在实义动词前,be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。如: She almost forgot about the whole thing. 她几乎忘记了整件事情。 They are always late for school.他们总是上学迟到。 注意: ever 和never 有时放在助动词前,表强调。如: Nothing ever has made him angry. 他从未为任何事情生过气。 3. 程度副词:
⑴ 修饰动词时,与频度副词的位置相似。如: I don’t quite agree with you. 我不完全同意你的观点。 ⑵修饰形容词、副词时,放在它所修饰的词前面。如: He works a little harder now. 他现在工作更努力了一些。 The room is big enough to live in. 这个房间足够住了。
注意:enough 作为副词,修饰形容词、副词时,应置于所修饰的形容词、副词的后边。但作为形容词修饰名词时,常放在名词的前面。如:
I don’t have enough money to buy this house. 我没有足够的钱来买这所房子。
互动训练
2.1 — Hi. Bob! I can’t find my history book. Have you seen it ____? — Sorry. I haven’t. Why don’t you ask Jim? Perhaps he’s seen it.
A.
Somewhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. anywhere
2.2 He _____ at six every morning.
A. often get up B. often gets up C. gets up often D. gets up often 2.3— ____do you like Chinese food? — Very much.
A.
How B. Where C. What
2.4 (填空) Mobile phones are ____(广泛) used in most of the cities in China. 2.5 — I don’t know ____ she is.
— Her mother says she is much better these days. A.who B. how C.what D.where
2.6 I can’t say ____I want to go back to my hometown. It’s quite a few years since I went back last time.
A. how much B.how long C.how often D.how soon
要点三 副词的比较级
1.副词的比较级和最高级的构成与形容词的比较级、最高级的构成类似,有规划变化和不规
2. 副词比较级的基本用法
⑴ 原级用法:as+副词原级+as.如: I can run as quickly as he can.
He speaks English as well as a foreigner.
⑵ 比较级的用法:副词比较级+ than.如: She got up earlier today than yesterday. I can run more quickly than he.
⑶ 最高级的用法:(the)+最高级+ in/of 短语。如: Who runs fastest of the three? Tom runs most quickly in his class. 互动训练
3.1 Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws ____. A. better
B.best
C. worse D.worst
3.2 Among the three boys. he works perhaps the _____. A. hard
B.harder C.hardest
D. most hard
3.3 The more we look at the picture.______. A. the better we liked C. we liked it less
B.the less we liked it D. better it we like
3.4 Bob never does his homework _____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so carefully as C. carefully as
B. as carefully as D. as careful as
3.5 My sister is good at sports. and she can jump _____ than me. A.highest B. very high C. too high D. much higher 3.6. Which do you like ____. tea. orange or water? A. good B. well C. best D. better 3.7 --- Did Kate do best in the final exam? --- No. but of all the students she did ____.
A.the most careful B. more careful C.most carefully D. more carefully
要点四 常见副词的用法及辨析
1.very 与much表示“很”“非常”
very 用于修饰形容词或副词,such 修饰名词,但名词前可以有形容词作定语。如: It’s very nice.
2. 副词比较级的基本用法
⑴ 原级用法:as+副词原级+as.如:
I can run as quickly as he can.
He speaks English as well as a foreigner. ⑵ 比较级的用法:副词比较级+ than.如:
She got up earlier today than yesterday.
I can run more quickly than he.
⑶ 最高级的用法:(the)+最高级+ in/of 短语。如:
Who runs fastest of the three?
Tom runs most quickly in his class.
互动训练
3.1 Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws ____.
A. better B.best C. worse D.worst
3.2 Among the three boys. he works perhaps the _____.
A. hard B.harder C.hardest D. most hard
3.3 The more we look at the picture.______.
A. the better we liked
C. we liked it less B.the less we liked it D. better it we like
3.4 Bob never does his homework _____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so carefully as
C. carefully as B. as carefully as D. as careful as
3.5 My sister is good at sports. and she can jump _____ than me.
A.highest B. very high C. too high D. much higher
3.6. Which do you like ____. tea. orange or water?
A. good B. well C. best D. better
3.7 --- Did Kate do best in the final exam?
--- No. but of all the students she did ____.
A.the most careful B. more careful C.most carefully D. more carefully
要点四 常见副词的用法及辨析
1.very 与much表示“很”“非常”
very 用于修饰形容词或副词,such 修饰名词,但名词前可以有形容词作定语。如: It’s very nice.
She said she was much better than before.
I like English very much.
2.so 与such 表示“如此”“那么”“这么”
⑴so 修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词,但名词前可以有形容词作定语。如: I can’t be here so early.
I’ve never seen such fine drawings.
⑵so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数可数名词,其结构是so+adj.+a/an+n. 如: She is so good a girl. = She is such a good girl.
⑶如果可数名词复数前有many. few或不可数名词前有such. little 等表示数量多少的形容词时,用so 而不用such.如:
I’m afraid that he’ll forget it if he misses so many lessons.
Miss Zhao got so little money a month.
⑷巧记so 与much的用法区别:名词such.形、副so.多多少少还用so
3. too. also. either 表示“也(不)”
too 和also 用于肯定句中,too 常用于口语中,置于句末;also 常用于书面语中,置于be 动词后,行为动词前;either用于否定句句尾。如:
I’m fine.
We also have eleven players in a team.
Chinese take-away food is also popular.
We don’t like the same color.either.
4. sometime. sometimes. some times. some time
Sometime 表示将来或过去的“某个时候”;sometime 指“有时候”;some time 则指“一段时间”;some times 表示“倍数、次数”。如:
New students will come to our school sometime next week.
It took me some time to finish reading the book.
Sometimes. I know what she’s thinking.
Our school is some times larger than theirs.
这样巧记some time. sometime. some times和sometimes:
分开是“一段“,相连为“某时”,分开s是“倍、次”,相连s 是“有时”。
5. already. yet 表示“已经”
already 表示某事已经发生;yet用于疑问句表示“已经”,用于否定句表示“还没有”。如: I’ve already finished it.
I have sung already.
Have you found your ruler yet?
He hasn’t finished his work yet.
例题 Holly has ___ fed the dog. but she hasn’t watered the plants ______.
A. Still; already B. already;yet C. yet; still D. yet; already
解析 本体考察副词的辨析。Still 意为“仍旧,还”,不合题意,故排除。Already 和yet表示“已经”,aleady 常用于肯定句中, yet 常用于否定句中。
答案;B
6. hard和hardly
hard 用作副词,意为“猛烈地”“辛苦地”“努力地”;用作形容词,意为“困难的”“坚硬的”;hardly表否定,意为“几乎不”。两个词的意思完全不一样。如:
He studies hard.
He hardly studies.
Stone is very hard.
She hardly ever exercise.
This question is too hard for such a little boy.
7.how long. how soon. how often. how far
⑴how long 意为“多长时间”,就“for+ 时间段”或“since +时间点”提问,对how long 引起的问句也要用how long;
⑵how soon 意为“多久以后”,就“in”引起的将来的时间提问,对how soon问句也要用“in”引起的表示将来的时间回答,how soon 问句是将来时态;
⑶how often 意为“多久一次”,就频率提问,常用once/twice/three times a week 或every five days 等短语回答;
⑷ how far 意为多远,就距离提问。
8. much too 和too much
⑴ much too 修饰形容词和副词的原级,意为“非常,极其”,中心词是too;
⑵ too much 意为“太多”,“非常”,中心词是much,常用来修饰不可数名词,也可以单独使用,作宾语或修饰动词。如:
It is much too cold today.
Tom likes football too much.
Don’t eat too much.
Theirs is too much ice on the road. and you must be careful.
互动训练
4.1 I like living here ______.
A. quite much B. even much C. very much D. such much
4.2 Have you ever seen _____ big panda before.
A. a such B. such a C. so a D. a so
4.3 Can you imagine that _____ little ants can carry ______ many big worms?
A. so;so B. such;such C. such. so D. so; much
4.4 It’s almost impossible for ____ few people to do _____ much work in _____ a short time.
A. so;so;as B. so; so; such C. such; such; such D. such; such; so
4.5 We arrived _____ late that that there were no seats left.
A. much B. too C. so D. very
4.6 Lucy doesn’t like cotton blouse. Lily doesn’t. ______.
A. either B.too C. neither D.also
4.7 He said he would come to see us ______ the next afternoon.
A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times
4.9 --- Have these workers finished doing their work _____?
--- No. not ______.
A.already; yet B. yet; yet C. yet; already D. already;already
4.10 Tom didn’t know anything about the paper because he ____ got any time to read it at that time.
A.hard B.hardly C.almost D.nearly
4.11 --- What was the weather like yesterday?
--- It was terrible. It rained so ____ that people could _____ go out.
A. hardly;hard B.hardly; hardly C. hard;hardly D. hard; hard
4.12 --- Can you understand me?
--- Sorry. I can _____ understand what you’ve said.
A.nearly B. easily C. hardly D. exactly
4.13 --- ____ do you write to your friend?
--- Once a week.
A. How many B. How often C. How long D. How far
4.14. --- _____ is it form our school to Lugou Bridge?
--- About half an hour’s bus ride.
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much
4.15 I don’t think this shirt fits her. It’s ____ small for her.
A.much too B. very much C. too much D. so much
4.16 He eats _____ food. so he is _____ fat.
A. much too;too much B. much too; too many
C. too much; much too D. too much; many too
方法清单
方法一 在具体语言环境中辨析副词的具体含义
方法二 正确使用副词的比较级
方法三 注意下列词不同含义
方法一 在具体语言环境中辨析副词的具体含义
明确副词与形容词的区别及转换规律,在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项 例题1 The Internet is very useful for us. We can ______ find information.
A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly
解析 句意:互联网对我们非常有用。我们可以容易地找到信息。空格处所需词是修饰动词find的,所以要用副词。A为形容词,被排除; B为“容易地”;C为“辛苦地”; D为“几乎不”,根据句意选择B。
答案 B
例题2 The ______instruction on medicine are necessary for the sick. They explain ______ whether the medicine is out of date.
A. clear;clearly B. clearly;clear C. clearly; clearly
解析 句意:对于病人来说,关于药的清楚的说明是必要的。这些说明能够清楚地解释药物是否过期。本题考查形容词和副词辨析。Clear形容词,修饰名词;clearly是副词,修饰动词。
答案 A
1.1 How _____ the music was! He played the piano ______
A. wonderful; wonderful B. wonderfully; wonderfully
C. . wonderful; wonderfully D. wonderfully; wonderful
1.2 Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people ____.
A. friendly B. lovely C.happily D. lively
1.3 Some animals can even see things ______ in the park.
A. bad B. badly C. clear D. clearly
方法二 正确运用副词的比较级
根据具体语境及题目中一些标志词判断是用副词的原级、比较级还是最高级,尤其注意副词原级与比较级修饰词的区别。
例题1 LiLei did quite ____ in the english competition. I did even _____.
A. better; well B. good; better C.well;better D.well;good
解析 此题考查的副词的原级和比较级。第一句“李雷在英语竞赛中表现得相当好”,用副词well修饰动词did(形容词good不能修饰动词)。第二句“我表现得更好”,用well的比较级better来修饰动词did。
答案 C
例2 ——Did Kate do best in the final exam?
——No.but of all the students she did ______.
A. the most careful B. more careful C. most carefully D.more carefully
解析 句意:----Kate在期末考试中考的好吗?-----不是,可她在所有学生中做的最认真。本题考查副词最高级用法。从of all the students可推知设空处用最高级,故排除B和D;又由设空前的did为实义动词,要用副词来修饰,故选C项。
答案 C
注意 ①very,quite,too修饰形容词、副词的原级。
②much,even,far修饰形容词副词的比较级,very much修饰动词。
③a little .a lot . a bit. rather等可以修饰形容词、副词的原级或比较级,表示说明的程度。
2.1 The ____ you work at your lessons. the ______ results you will get.
A. hard; good B. harder; good C. hard; better D. harder; better
2.2 Who listens _____. Tom . Jack or Bill?
A. the most carefully B. more carefully C. the most careful
2.3 --- The TV programme is boring. Shall we play chess instead?
--- All right. That is _____ than watching a boring programme.
A. very good B.much good C. very better D. much D. more careful better
2.4 We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen _____ we park.
A. as twice much as B. twice as much as C. as much as twice D. as much twice as 方法三 注意下列的不同含义
1.有些与形容词同形的副词表示具体概念,而加-ly的副词则往往表示抽象概念,如: High 高地 wide 宽地
Highly高度地 widely 广泛地
例题 ① He opened the door _____ .
②English is ______ used in the world .
A. Wide B. Widely
解析 第一句意思是:她把门大开着。这里指门敞开着,应填wide;第二句意思是:英语在全世界被广泛应用。表示程度,应填widely。
答案 A B
2.两种形式的副词含义迥然有异。如:
Late 迟,晚 hard 努力地,艰苦地 just 刚刚,仅仅,恰好 most 很,最 Lately 最近 hardly几乎不 justly公正地,正当地 mostly 主要地 deep 深地 close近地 deeply深深地 closely仔细地,严密地
总之:1考生需明晰副词与形容词的区别、转换规律。
2熟记易混副词的确切含义及固定用法。
3不规则副词的比较级和最高级形式要活学活用。
3.1 --- Can you catch what I said?
--- Sorry. I can _____ understand it.
A almost B. hardly C. nearly D. never
3.2 If you don’t work _____ enough. I don’t think your dream will come ______.
A.hardly; truly B. hardly; true C. hard; true
3.3 Susan enjoys walking at times. but ____ she rides back home.
A. mostly B. almost C. nearly
3.4 ---Emily. here’s a dictionary. I hope it will help you.
--- Thank you. It’s _____ what I need.
A. just B. still C. only
D. hard; truly D. most D. almost