大学英语语法 总结
总结
865 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点360 例讲评
英语貌合神离句, 指的是结构形似而含义不同的英语句子。这类句子由于“貌合”, 易引起误解和误
用, 且出现的频率较高, 是英语学习中的一大难点。事实证明, 即使是已具有相当水平的英语学习者, 如
果平时不注意分析研究, 也往往不辨“庐山真面目”, 看不出这类句子的真正内涵或言外之意。因此, 可
以这样说, 从能否正确理解这类句子, 可以判断出一位英语学习者的英语语言功底和理解能力。另一方
面, 英语中有相当数量的表意丰富、搭配功能强、用法复杂的词汇和特殊难点, 掌握好了, 可以为己所用,
挥洒自如, 妙笔生花; 掌握不了, 则如隔雾看花, 不解真谛, 每每出错。下面的句子大都是英语貌合神离
句和特殊难点的“经典”, 具有典型性和代表性, 如能悉心研读, 必将会发现英语语言的“新大陆”, 得到意
外的惊喜和收获。
1 .
According to the plan , they must finish the work by Monday . 按照计划, 他们必须在星期一
以前完成工作。( 修饰全句)
By Monday they must finish the work according to the plan . 在星期一以前他们必须按照计
划完成工作。( 修饰finish )
2 .
That is my all . 我一切都在那里。(那是我的一切。all 为名词)
All tha t is mine . 那一切都是我的。( all 为形容词)
3 .
Jack has also decided to spend a few days in Aust ria on his way to Switzerland . 杰克也决定
在前往瑞士途中在奥地利逗留几天。( 修饰谓语)
Jack has decided also to spend a few days in Aust ria on his way to Switzerland . 杰克决定在
他前往瑞士途中在奥地利也要逗留几天。( 修饰不定式)
4 .
She had the gr ace at least to admit that she was par tly in the wrong . 至少她很痛快, 承认她
自己也有一部分过错。( 修饰had the grace )
She had the gr ace to admit that she was a t least par tly in the wrong . 她倒很痛快, 承认自己
至少也有些过错。( 修饰pa rtly in the wrong)
5 .
Her speech was reported at length in the newspapers . 她的演讲词在报纸上详细地登载出来。
( = in great detail)
At length , he r speech was r epor ted in the newspapers . 她的演讲词终于在报纸上登载出来。
( = at last )
6 .
We we re passing by a boat house when we met her . 我们从游艇停泊处经过, 碰上了她。 ( a place where boats anchor)
We we re passing by a house boat when we met her . 我们从一艘住家船边经过, 碰上了她。
( a boat serving as a house )
7 .
The police made a ca reful study of the book case . 警察仔细察看了书橱。
The police made a ca reful study of the case book . 警察仔细研究了案例。( 判例、案例) 8 .
He took her to a bus sta tion . 他带她到一个汽车站。
He took her to a sta tion bus . 他带她到一辆往返(火) 车站的公共汽车那里。
9 .
They found the empty bottle . 他们找到了空瓶子。( empty 作定语)
They found the bot tle empty . 他们发现瓶子是空着的。( empty 作宾补)
10 .
How people can be s uch fools ! 怎么会有人这么傻! (对真人真事感到惋惜、惊奇) How can people be s uch fools ? 谁可能会那么傻呢? (未必有的事情)
11 .
How old she is ! 她竟然这么衰老! (同样, How young she is ! = She is ext remely young . ) How old is she ? 她多大年纪? ( 同样, How young is she ? 她有多年轻?)
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12 .
I gazed at the broken case glass and didn..t know what to do . ( 镂花厚玻璃)
I gazed at the broken glas s case and didn..t know what to do . ( 玻璃橱柜)
13 .
He likes this kind of chocolates . 他喜欢这种牌号的巧克力。( 式样、牌号)
He likes chocolates of this kind . 他喜欢这种口味的巧克力。( 质量、特征)
14 .
He kept her company . 他陪着她。
He kept company with he r . 他和她交朋友( 谈恋爱) 。(结交、要好)
15 .
We didn..t buy it , did we , because it was cheap . 我们没买, 对不对, 那东西质量很差。( did
we 强调主句)
We didn..t buy them because it was cheap , did we ? 我们不是因为便宜才买, 对不对? ( 反意
问句)
16 .
It never occurr ed to her to doubt that the story might be false . 对于情节可能纯属虚构这一
点, 她深信不疑。( 相信故事是虚构的)
The doubt neve r occurred to her that the story might be false . 她从来没怀疑过故事可能是 假的。( 相信故事是真的, tha t . . .为同位语从句)
17 .
Can you tell me all you know about a flower garden ? 你可以把你所知道关于花园的一切都
告诉我吗? (不同于vegetable garden)
Can you tell me all you know about a garden flowe r ? 你可以把你所知道关于园中种植的花
卉的一切情况都告诉我吗? ( 不同于wild flowe r)
18 .
She simply spoke . 她只不过说说而已。( 没有行动)
She spoke simply . 她说起话来, 简洁、直率。
19 .
Two of my brother..s friends came to see him off . 我哥哥的朋友当中有两个人来给他送行。 ( 不只两个朋友)
Two fr iends of my brother..s came to see him off . 我哥哥的两个朋友来给他送行。(可能只 有两个朋友)
20 .
The orator made himself gener ally unpopular with the crowd . 这个演说家, 群众普遍地不喜
欢他。( 修饰unpopular)
The orator generally made himself unpopular with the crowd . 这个演说家通常不受群众欢 迎。( 修饰made)
21 .
Thank you . This is a piece of good advice for me . 谢谢你。这意见对我真有好处。(benefit me)
Thank you . This is a good piece of advice for me . 谢谢你。这真是金石之言! ( l think highly)
22 .
Half a bottle is left . 剩下半瓶。
A half-bot tle is left . 剩下半瓶装的一瓶。
23 .
Jim..s father gave him half a crown . 杰姆的爸爸给他半克朗的钱。( 可能是若干个钱币)
Jim..s father gave him a half- crown . 杰姆的爸爸给他一枚半克朗的钱币。(一个钱币) 24 .
He dr ank half another cup . 他又喝了半杯。
He dr ank another half-cup . 他把另外半杯也喝了下去。
25 .
He pour ed himself out a glass of wa ter . 他自己倒一杯水喝。( 不是给别人倒的) He pour ed out a glass of wate r himself . 他亲自倒一杯水。( 可能给别人)
26 .
She saw him through . 她对他帮助到底。
She saw through him . 她看透了他的为人。
27 .
He gave him a tip about the horse races . 他教了他一些赛马经。( 指注押在哪一匹马上) He gave him a tip about the race horses . 他告诉他这些比赛用的马的底细(该买哪一匹)。 28 .
Only yesterday I met her and discussed the matter with her . 我昨天刚看见她, 还和她讨论过
这件事情。( 时间之近)
Only yesterday did I meet her and discuss the matter with her . 我到昨天才见到她和她讨论 了这件事情。(时间之迟)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
867 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
29 .
She will explain quite clearly in future what she intends to do . 今后她会说得很清楚, 她打算
做什么。(修饰主句)
She will explain quite clearly what she intends to do in future . 她会说得很清楚, 她今后打算
做什么。(修饰从句)
30 .
She t ried in vain to prevent the work from being done . 她试图阻挠工作的完成, 结果失败了。
She t ried to prevent the work from being done in vain . 她试图防止工作做得劳而无功。 31 .
I hope she will soon get ove r it . 我希望她很快就会忘掉这件事。( 忘掉, 克服)
I hope she will soon get it ove r . 我希望她很快就会结束这件事。( 结束)
32 .
I should like to have gone . 可惜我没去, 要去就好了。( I wish I had gone)
I should have liked to go . 可惜我不知道, 要知道我就去了。( I liked to , but I didn..t know) ( 当时不知道, 不然一定会去的)
33 .
This dist rict is new to him . 这地方他以前没来过。
He is new to this dist rict . 他刚在这里定居不久。
34 .
She had nothing mor e to say . 她再也没有什么好说的了。
She had to say nothing more . 她不该再说什么。( had to 相当于should)
35 .
I often wake up during the night . 我常常在半夜里醒来。
I wake up of ten during the night . 我夜里醒来好多次。
36 .
Quite proper ly she was punished . 她受处分, 理所应当。(修饰全句)
She was punished quite properly . 她所受的处分恰如其分。( 修饰punished)
37 .
They have come r ather a long way . 他们已经走了相当长的路。
They came a ra the r long way . 他们来的这条路相当长。
38 .
Some authors write because they have a story to tell . 有些作家写文章是因为感到有东西可 写。( 乐意写)
Some authors write because they have to tell a story . 有些作家写文章是因为非写不可。( 为
了养家等)
39 .
It is a sor t of wine . 这是一种酒。
It is wine of a sor t . 这也算是酒吧。( of a sor t 含贬义)
40 .
I noticed that while she was present he would never say a word . 我注意到她在场时他总是 一言不发。
I noticed while she was present tha t he would never say a word . 当她也在场的时候, 我注意
到他一言不发。
41 .
He is inexperienced , he is quite clever though . 他没有经验, 不过他很聪明。( = never theless ,
however)
He is inexperienced though he is quite clever . 虽然他很聪明, 可是他没有经验。 42 .
When Jack a rrived , I was just going to bed . 杰克到达时, 我正要上床睡觉。
I was just going to bed when Jack a rrived . 我正要上床睡觉, 恰恰在这时候, 杰克却来了。 ( = and then)
43 .
The fruit is good to eat . 这种水果可以吃。(不脏不烂)
The fruit is good eating . 这水果很好吃。( enjoyable)
44 .
I don..t like to punish first offenders . 我不愿意处分初次犯错误的人。( like 的宾语为to punish)
I don..t like punishing first offende rs . ( like 的宾语为punishing fir st offenders )对初次犯错
He is new to this dist rict . 他刚在这里定居不久。
34 .
She had nothing mor e to say . 她再也没有什么好说的了。
She had to say nothing more . 她不该再说什么。( had to 相当于should)
35 .
I often wake up during the night . 我常常在半夜里醒来。
I wake up of ten during the night . 我夜里醒来好多次。
36 .
Quite proper ly she was punished . 她受处分, 理所应当。(修饰全句)
She was punished quite properly . 她所受的处分恰如其分。( 修饰punished)
37 .
They have come r ather a long way . 他们已经走了相当长的路。
They came a ra the r long way . 他们来的这条路相当长。
38 .
Some authors write because they have a story to tell . 有些作家写文章是因为感到有东西可 写。( 乐意写)
Some authors write because they have to tell a story . 有些作家写文章是因为非写不可。( 为
了养家等)
39 .
It is a sor t of wine . 这是一种酒。
It is wine of a sor t . 这也算是酒吧。( of a sor t 含贬义)
40 .
I noticed that while she was present he would never say a word . 我注意到她在场时他总是 一言不发。
I noticed while she was present tha t he would never say a word . 当她也在场的时候, 我注意
到他一言不发。
41 .
He is inexperienced , he is quite clever though . 他没有经验, 不过他很聪明。( = never theless ,
however)
He is inexperienced though he is quite clever . 虽然他很聪明, 可是他没有经验。
42 .
When Jack a rrived , I was just going to bed . 杰克到达时, 我正要上床睡觉。
I was just going to bed when Jack a rrived . 我正要上床睡觉, 恰恰在这时候, 杰克却来了。 ( = and then)
43 .
The fruit is good to eat . 这种水果可以吃。(不脏不烂)
The fruit is good eating . 这水果很好吃。( enjoyable)
44 .
I don..t like to punish first offenders . 我不愿意处分初次犯错误的人。( like 的宾语为to punish)
I don..t like punishing first offende rs . ( like 的宾语为punishing fir st offenders )对初次犯错
误的人就给予处分, 我不赞成。
45 .
I don..t like to talk with her . 我不愿和她谈话。
I don..t like talking with her . 我讨厌和她谈话。( 厌恶)
46 .
He was seen to lie down on the grass . 看到他在草地上躺了下来。( 动作)
He was seen lying down on the grass . 看到他正在草地上躺着。(状态)
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He must have had a busy time since he started to cycle . 自从他骑车出发以后, 肯定够他忙了。
( set off by bike)
He must have had a busy time since he sta rted cycling . 自从开始骑车后, 肯定够他忙了。 ( 不再坐汽车)
48 .
He went on to question me where she had been . 他接着问我她刚才上哪儿去了。(前后动作 不同。刚才他在做别的事情, 而现在却问)
He went on questioning me where she had been . 他继续问我她刚才上哪儿去了这个问题。 ( 继续)
49 .
She was accustomed to walk for ten minutes after lunch . 她经常在午饭后散步十分钟。 She was accustomed to walking long distances . 她已惯于长途步行。
50 .
The se rvant was afraid to wake up his master . 那个仆人不敢叫醒他的主人。( 叫醒他要挨 骂、挨打)
The se rvant was afraid of waking up his master . 那个仆人怕把他主人惊醒。(趁他睡觉逃 跑, 万一惊醒他, 就跑不成了)
51 .
They were engaged to carry out an important piece of research . 聘请他们来进行一项重要的
研究项目。( be employed)
They were engaged in carrying out an important piece of research . 他们忙于进行一项重要的
研究项目。( be busy)
52 .
She is good to do that . 她真好, 做了这件事。
She is good at doing that . 她很擅长做这件事。
53 .
They a re sure to meet him . 他们肯定会见到他。( surely)
They a re sure of meeting him . 他们深信会见到他。( be confident )
54 .
A knife is used to cut bread . 用刀切面包。( 特定目的)
A knife is used for cut ting purposes . 刀子的用途是切削。( 一般用途)
55 .
They agr eed to do it . 他们同意这样做。
They a re agreed on doing it . 他们对做这件事取得了一致的意见。
56 .
We can..t help her br eak the code . I t..s too elaborate . 我们没办法帮她破那个密码———太复
杂了!
We can..t help her br eaking the code . It..s too simple . ( prevent ) 我们没办法不让她识破密码
———太简单了!
57 .
Ther e was no r eason for he r to make such a decision . 她没有理由作出这样的决定。
Ther e was, for her , no r eason for making such a decision . 照她看来, 不存在做出这样决定
的理由。(插入语)
58 .
The principal has resigned to make way for a younger man . 校长辞职, 让比他年轻的人接替。
The pr incipal is resigned to making way for a younger man . 校长只好接受事实, 让位给比 他年轻的人。(屈从, 服从)
59 .
She was very busy last week . 上个星期她很忙。
She has been very busy for the last week . 这个星期以来她一直很忙。
60 .
Since I was at this school , the re have been three head-master s . 从我离开这个学校时候起, 已经换了三个校长。( 现不在该校)
Since I have been at this school, there have been three head-masters . 从我来这个学校起, 我
们已经换了三个校长。( 现仍在该校)
61 .
Since he was ill , his friend has visited him eve ry day . 从他病好起, 他的朋友天天来看他。 Since he has been ill, his friend has visited him every day . 从他生病起, 他的朋友天天来看他。
62 .
She is clever . 她很聪明。
She is being clever . 她在卖弄聪明。( 一时的特点)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
869 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
63 .
When he is in Beijing , he always reads China Pictorial . 他在北京的时候总是看中国画报。
( 特别喜欢看它)
When he is in Beijing , he is always reading China Pictorial . 他在北京的时候, 整天看中国画
报。( 除此之外, 几乎不做别的事)
64 .
We..d bet ter dress for dinner . 我们最好是穿礼服赴宴。( 时间尚早)
We..d bet ter be dr essing for dinner . 我们要去赴宴, 现在最好就要换衣服了。( 此刻就要去)
65 .
We can discuss this while we eat . 我们可在吃饭的时候讨论这件事。
We can discuss this while we are eating . 我们可以一边吃一边讨论这件事。
66 .
What do you do for a living ? I write poems . 你靠什么生活? 我写诗歌。( 一生)
What are you doing for a living ? I am writing poems . 你目前靠什么生活? 我写诗歌。( 最近)
67 .
If I should see him right now , I should insult him . 如果我现在能看到他, 我就要侮辱他。 If I should see him as I am now , I should be insulting him . 如果我现在这个样子就见他, 那 就等于侮辱他。
68 .
I hea rd the news a t my uncle..s , where I have dined fr equently . 我在我叔叔家听到这消息,
我常在他家里吃饭。
I hea rd the news a t my uncle..s , where I have been dining . 我在我叔叔家听到这消息, 我刚
刚在他那里吃过饭。( 刚刚发生)
69 .
She hasn..t spoken since thr ee o..clock . 她从3 点钟起, 就再没说话了。
She hasn..t been speaking since thr ee o..clock . 她不是从3 点钟起就开始说话的。(可能从3 点半)
70 .
She is playing a folk-song next . 她接着要演奏一曲民歌。
She will be playing some mor e late r . 她以后还要演奏更多的曲子。
71 .
He..s seeing you a t once . 他立即要接见你。( immediate future)
He..ll be seeing you in a few minutes . 他等一会儿会接见你的。( near future )
72 .
Whe re does she come from ? 她是哪里人?
Whe re has she come from ? 她从哪儿来?
73 .
If the envelope was sealed , the contents would not have fallen out . 看来信封口没封好, 否则
里面的东西不会掉出来。( 从掉出的东西推测)
If the envelope had been sealed , the contents would not have fallen out . 信封没封好。要
是
封好了, 里面的东西就不会掉出来了。( 对过去假设)
74 .
If you hadn..t stopped him, he would be here . 要不是你挡住了他, 他此刻可能到这儿了。 ( 现在)
If you hadn..t stopped him, he would have been he re . 要不是你挡住了他, 他那时候就到这
儿了。( 过去)
75 .
I hoped tha t you would help . 我想你会出力帮助的。
I hoped tha t you would have helped . 我本以来你会出力帮助的。
76 .
He was clever enough to be a doctor . 他够聪明, 能当医生。
He was clever enough to have been a doctor . 以他的聪明, 本来完全可以成为一个医生的。 77 .
He walk s as if he is drunk . 从他走路的姿态看来, 他是醉了。
He walk s as if he were drunk . 他摇摇晃晃地走路, 活像喝醉了酒。(未醉)
78 .
Help was given to anyone who had work to do . 对一切有工作要做的人, 给予帮助。 Help was given to anyone who had work to be done . 对一切有工作需要别人做的人, 给予帮助。
79 .
Rome and Naples . . .even Florence ar e yet to see . 罗马, 那不勒斯..甚至佛罗伦斯, 我们还
没看到。(we haven..t seen)
Rome and Naples . . .even Florence ar e yet to be seen . 罗马, 那不勒斯..甚至佛罗伦斯, 还 可以看到。(we shall see)
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录
80 .
He has had these impulses since he can remember . 在他的记忆之中, 他一直有这种感情冲动。
He has had these impulses since he has been able to remember . 从他能记事以来, 他一直有这种
感情冲动。
81 .
Can I see the manage r , please ? 我能够见一见经理吗? ( 迫切, 近乎强求)
May I see the manager , please ? 我可以见一见经理吗? ( 礼貌)
82 .
He can have disguised himself . 他当时可以化装的。( 有条件化装)
He may have disguised himself . 他当时可能化了装。(未被识破)
83 .
We might ask him to be a chairman . 我们不妨请他担任主席。( 建议)
We could ask him to be a chairman . 要是请他担任主席, 我们是做得到的。( 可以办到) 84 .
He must stay the night . 他今天晚上一定要在这里过夜。(我要求他留下来) (主观愿望) He has to stay the night . 他只好在这里过夜。( 末班车已经开走了, 或者是风雨交加回不 去。) ( 客观情况使得)
85 .
You must change you shoes . 你必须换双鞋子。(刚打扫过的房间, 我不能让你穿这双沾满 污泥的鞋子走进来)
You have to change your shoes . 你得换双鞋子。(例如按照当地风俗, 提醒对方。进清真寺 就得换鞋, 这是回教徒的规矩)
86 .
We should not tell falsehoods . 我们不该讲假话。(个人看法)
We ought not to tell falsehoods . ( 我们) 不该讲假话。( 道德, 伦理)
87 .
Have you ( any) s uga r in your tea ? 你茶里已经加了糖吗? (具体时间, 特定时间) Do you have suga r in your tea ? 你喝茶要放糖吗? ( 经常性习惯动作)
88 . I hadn..t any tea . 我没有茶叶。I didn..t have any tea . 我没喝茶。
89 .
She doesn..t need to be told . 她用不着别人告诉她。( 早知道了)
She needn..t be told . 不必告诉她。(可以对她保密)
90 .
I didn..t need to answe r the questions , which saved me a lot of trouble . 我无须回答问题, 省
了好多事。(没回答)
I needn..t have answered the questions, which would have saved me a lot of t rouble . (回答了)我
根本就不必要去回答那些问题, 要那样做的话, 就会省掉好多事了。
91 .
We had bet ter act on his advice . 我们最好按照他的意见办。
We had bet ter act on his advices . 我们最好按照他的通知办。
92 .
He put on an air of innocence . 他装出一副清白的样子。
He put on airs . 他摆架子。
93 .
An old ca r problem may arise . 可能又引起历来已久的汽车问题。
An old ca rs problem may ar ise . 可能引起旧车( 处理) 的问题。
94 .
She laid a cloth on the table . 她把一条餐巾铺在桌上。
She laid a piece of cloth on the table . 她把一块布放在桌上。
95 .
He wrote an ar ticle on labour condition . 他写了一篇关于劳动条件的文章。(名词作定语) He wrote an ar ticle on the condition of labour . 他写了一篇关于劳动力状况的文章。 96 .
We were touched by he r confidence . 她的信任使我们很受感动。
We were touched by he r confidences . 她吐露出来的秘密使我们很受感动。
97 .
She has an eye for antique furnitur e . 她很会鉴赏古代家具。
She has eyes only for antique furniture . 她只想看看古代家具。
98 .
It is his manne r that annoys me . 他的举止态度使我很不舒服。
It is his manne rs that annoy me . 他的礼貌使我很不舒服。
99 .
This is the problem page of a girl..s magazine . 这是某妇女杂志中使编辑很伤脑筋的一个版面。
This is the problems page of a girl..s magazine . 这是某妇女杂志中为少女解答困难问题的版面。
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
871 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
100 .
I live on my younger brother..s allowance . 我靠我作为弟弟所应得的津贴过生活。( I am a younge r brothe r)
I live on the allowance of my younger brother . 我靠我弟弟的津贴过生活。( I am an elder brother)
101 .
Here comes the stout sailor..s wife . 那个水手的大个子老婆来了。
Here comes the wife of the stout sailor . 胖水手的老婆来了。
102 .
The children took a fancy to him . 孩子们喜欢他。( = The children like him . )
The children took his fancy . 他喜欢孩子们。( = He likes the children . )
103 .
I t..s time we made up our minds . 我们早就该作出决定了!
I t..s time for us to make up our minds . 我们应该作出决定。
104 .
What is he like ? 他这个人怎么样? ( 品质、水平、性格, 回答可能是friendly , noble , polite , wa rm-hear ted)
How is he ? 他好吗? ( 或:他现在怎么样? 他身体怎样?)
105 .
What was the weather like ? 气候怎么样? ( 常下雨吗? 天气热吗? 海洋性? 大陆性?) (What be . . .like 句型常用来询问一个地区的气候特征、一个地方或一个人的特征。参阅 上文和下文)
How was the weather ? 气候怎么样? ( 那地方比起这里的气候怎么样? 你可喜欢?) 106 .
What..s the time ? 几点了?
How..s the time ? 还有多少时间?
107 .
How is business ? 生意怎么样?
How is the business ? 店里怎么样? ( 商店)
108 .
We wer e in control of the situation . 我们控制了局面。
The situation was under our control . 局面在我们控制之中。
109 .
I hope he will behave himself properly in future . 我希望今后他会表现不错。(from now on 从此以后)
I hope he will behave himself properly in the future . 我希望将来他会表现不错。 110 .
I just came from High St reet . 我刚从街上来。(“I”为本地人)
I just came from the High St reet . 我刚从街上来。(“I”为异乡人)
111 .
She had to keep house . 她必须料理家务。( do housework)
She had to keep the house . 她只好闭门不出。( 生病了) ( stay a t home)
112 .
Young Melbourne was ha rd to deal with . 年轻的墨尔本很难对付。
The young Melbourne was hard to deal with . 青年时代的墨尔本很难对付。
113 .
You should pay more attention to matters of moment . 你应当更注意重要的事件。(of importance)
You should pay more attention to matters of the moment . 你应当更注意当前的事件。(at present )
114 .
He has eaten most apples . 他吃了大部分的苹果。
He has eaten the most apples . 他苹果吃得最多。
115 .
He made a study of the custom of most civilised nations . 他研究了大部分文明国家的风俗 习惯。
He made a study of the custom of the most civilised nations . 他研究了文化最发达国家的 风俗习惯。
116 .
What kind( sor t ) of car is it ? 什么牌子的车子?
What kind ( sor t ) of a ca r is it ? 怎么样的车子? ( 质量好吗?)
117 .
What chance has he missed ? 他错过了什么机会? ( 疑问句)
What a chance he has missed ! 多么难得的机会, 他竟错过! ( 感叹句)
118 .
Now I know what novel he has writ ten . 现在我知道他写的是什么小说。( 何种题材) Now I know what a novel he has writ ten . 现在我知道他写了一部了不起的小说。( 感叹)
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书
872 附
录
119 .
I had no idea what difficult position he was in . 我当时不知道他处在什么样的一种困境中。 I had no idea what a difficult position he was in . 我当时不知道他处境何等困难。(感叹) 120 .
What kind of workman is he ? 他是干什么活的工人? ( 泥瓦匠)
What kind of a workman is he ? 他干活怎么样? ( 是否踏实?)
121 .
What kind of doctor is he ? 他是什么博士? ( 医学博士, 文学博士.. )
What kind of a doctor is he ? 他医术怎么样?
122 .
What kind of holiday did you have ? 你是怎么度假的? ( 旅行, 参加夏令营.. )
What kind of a holiday did you have ? 你假期过得愉快吗?
123 .
She bought a red and green dr es s . 她买了一套有红、绿两色的女服。(一套)
She bought a red and a green dr es s . 她买了一套红的和一套绿的女服。( 二套) 124 .
The ship was badly armed . 这艘船武器装备得不合理。( not proper ly)
The ship was ill armed . 这艘船的武器配备不够。( insufficient )
125 .
He talks very different now from what he did when I first knew him . 他现在谈话中所流露 的观点跟以往我刚认识他的时候很不一样。
He talks very differently now from what he did when I first knew him . 他现在的谈吐跟我 刚认识他的时候很不相同。
126 .
He works hard . 他辛勤地工作。
He ha rdly works . 他几乎不工作。
127 .
I don..t mind harder work . 我不在乎更困难(繁重)的工作。
I don..t mind more hard work . 我不在乎更多的困难( 繁重) 的工作。
128 .
His high-rated property is the talk of the town . 他那份税率很高的房产成为当地人们的话题。
His highly rated property is the talk of the town . 他那份备受称赞的房产成为当地人们的话题。
129 .
He thinks much of you . 他对你评价很高。( pr aise highly)
He thinks well of you . 他对你印象很好。( have a good impres sion)
130 .
Always nervous , the man opened the letters . 这个人本来就神经质, 这时候紧张地把信拆开。
Always nervously , the man opened the lette rs . 这个人拆信件时候总是很紧张, 这时拆开信
件也不例外。
131 .
He wasn..t a write r originally . 他原先不是一个作家。
He wasn..t an original writer . 他不是一个有创见的作家。
132 .
I t is plain silly to put forward s uch a proposal . 提出这么一个建议真是百分之百的糊涂。 (out and out )
It is plainly silly to put forward such a proposal . 提出这么一个建议, 显然很糊涂。( evidently)
133 .
We must take account of his potent influence . 我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。 We must take account of his potential influence . 我们必须考虑他的潜在影响。
134 .
This is pure wate r . 这是纯净的水。
This is purely wate r . 这只不过是水。( me rely)
135 .
She is the worse of the two . 她比另一个人差。
She is the worst of the two . 两个人当中, 她差多了。
136 .
He turned thief . 他堕落成为小偷。
He turned out ( to be ) a thief . 原来他是个小偷。
137 .
Ammunition had to be saved for an actual at tack . 必须把军火节省下来, 以备真正发动进 攻时用。
Ammunition had to be saved up for an actual attack . 必须把军火储备起来, 以备真正发动 进攻时用。( stor e up)
138 .
I stood in for him . 我暂时替他一下。( replace )
I stood up for him . 我拥护他。( suppor t )
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
873 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
139 .
Don..t take s uch a fuss about them . 别为他们大惊小怪。
Don..t make such a fuss of them . 不要过于惯着他们。( 别太吹捧他们)
140 .
I read about the accident in the newspaper . 我在报纸上细读了这个事故的经过。( pe ruse ) I read of the accident in the newspape r . 我从报纸上知道了这个事故。( learn of) 141 .
He thought about the problem . 他考虑这个问题。
He thought of the problem . 他想到这个问题。
142 .
He doesn..t think much about that proposal . 他并没有怎么考虑这个建议。
He doesn..t think much of that proposal . 他对这个建议评价不高。
143 .
The policeman ran after him . 警察在后面追他。( pur sue)
The policeman ran behind him . 警察在他后面跑。
144 .
There we re constant conflicts among employe rs, worke rs and t rade union officials . 雇主内
部、工人内部、工会职员内部都经常发生摩擦。
There we re constant conflicts between employers , worker s and t rade union officials . 雇主、
工人和工会职员三方面经常发生摩擦。
145 .
I swear at him . 我诅咒他。
I swear by him . 我非常相信他。
146 .
He is sitting at his desk . 他正伏案书写。
He is sitting in his desk . 他正坐在连桌面的椅子上。
147 .
He made an at tempt at the speed record . 他试图创造新的速度纪录。
He made an at tempt on the speed record . 他试图打破原有的速度纪录。
148 .
He worked a t a table . 他伏案工作。
He worked on a table . 他做一张桌子。
149 .
He pointed at something over there . 他用手指着那边某件东西。
He pointed to something over the re . 他指着那边某件东西。( 来解释说明某一问题) 150 .
We all rejoice at your good for tune . 我们大家都为你的好运气而感到喜悦。
We all rejoice with you in your good for tune . 我们大家和你一样为你的好运气感到高兴。 151 .
We shall not be home by six . 到六点钟, 我们还不能到家。
We shall not be home till six . 我们要到六点钟才能到家。
152 .
The a rgument was coloured by pr ejudice . 论点受偏见的影响。
The a rgument was coloured with wit . 论点中含有机智。
153 .
We camped ther e for the summer . 整个夏天我们在那里宿营。
We camped ther e in the summer . 夏天我们在那里宿营。( 可能只是一段时间)
154 .
He was jealous for his friend..s reputation . 他深怕他朋友的名誉受损害。
He was jealous of his friend..s reputation . 他妒忌他朋友的名誉。
155 .
He has been away for the last month . 过去这一个月中他都不在家。( 刚过去的30 天) He has been away since last month . 他从上个月起就不在家。
156 .
He stood up for them . 他拥护(支持)他们。
He stood up to them . 他反抗他们。( oppose)
157 .
Let me stand in for you . 让我暂时替你一下。
Let me stand in with you . 让我也分摊一份。( share )
158 .
His friend reproached him for having disclosed the sec ret . 他的朋友因为他泄露秘密责怪 他。( 泄密是事实)
His friend reproached him with having disclosed the secret . 他的朋友责怪他泄露秘密。 (泄露只是一种假定)
159 .
Cloth is made from cot ton . 布是由棉花加工成的。
Cloth is made of cot ton . 布是用棉纱( 线) 织成的。( cotton 指棉纱线)
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书
874 附
录
160 .
He said he wasn..t informed in these matters . 他说他对这一方面的事不很熟悉。(unfamiliar)
He said he wasn..t informed of this mat ter . 他说没人告诉过他这件事。(No one told him) 161 .
The walls are in stone . 墙壁是石料砌成的。(外观)
The walls are of stone . 墙壁是石料砌成的。( 强度, 耐久)
162 .
He was confined in his room . 他被关闭在房中。( shut in)
He was confined to his room . 他整日守在房中不出来。
163 .
He has gone into busines s . 他经商去了。
He has gone to busines s . 他上班去了。
164 .
They shut the door on( upon) visitors . 他们关住门不让参观的人进来。
They shut the door to visitors . 他们不欢迎外界参观。
165 .
He is good to children . 他对儿童很和蔼。( be kind )
He is good with childr en . 他管孩子很有办法。(be good at )
166 .
He is familiar to me . 我对( 同) 他很熟。
He is familiar with me . 他对我很随便。
167 .
I had a good talk to him yesterday . 我昨天说了他一顿。
I had a good talk with him yesterday . 我昨天和他交谈了很久。
168 .
They we re playing football . 他们在比赛足球。
They we re playing at football . 他们在踢足球玩。
169 .
He was shot on his way home . 他在回家的路上被枪杀了。
He was shot at on his way home . 在回家的路上, 有人向他开枪。
170 .
I will work it . 我要想办法安排。( handle )
I will work at it . 我要努力做这件事。( t ry to do)
171 .
Is John at home ? 约翰在家吗?
Is John home yet ? 约翰回来了吗? ( back yet )
172 .
He inqui red the reason . 他查问理由。( ask about )
He inqui red into the reason . 他仔细调查原因。( investigate)
173 .
Please arrange another table . 请另外摆一张桌子。
Please arrange for another table . 请叫他们再摆一张桌子。
174 .
They all fear him . 他们都怕他。
They all fear for him . 他们都为他焦急。( be anxious)
175 .
They ar e sea rching the thief . 他们正在搜查小偷。( 搜身)
They ar e sea rching for the thief . 他们正在搜捕小偷。( 小偷在逃)
176 .
He escaped prison . 他没进监狱。
He escaped from prison . 他越狱跑了。
177 .
He quotes Shakespear e . 他引用莎士比亚的话。( his words )
He quotes from Shakespeare . 他引用莎士比亚的著作。( his works )
178 .
He believes the pr ess . 他相信报刊上的报导。
He believes in the pres s . 新闻自由是他的信念。
179 .
I happened to be visiting Manchester at the time of the Exhibition . 展览会期间我刚好在曼 彻斯特游览( 参观)。
I happened to be visiting in Manchester at the time of the Exhibition . 展览会期间, 我刚好 在曼彻斯特探亲( 访友) 。
180 .
The society boasts great names among its membership . 这个协会的会员中有许多有名人物。
The society boasts of great names among its membership . 这个协会夸口说它的会员中有
许多是有名人物。
181 .
She swept out the room . 她打扫好了房间。( clean)
She swept out of the room . 她很神气地走出房间。( stalk)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
875 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
182 .
We are checking their movements . 我们正在阻挡他们前进。
We are checking on their movements . 我们正在核实他们的动态。
183 .
Standing ther e, she can easily spy the man in the crowd . 站在那里, 她很容易在人群中发 现那个人。
Standing ther e, she can easily spy on the man in the c rowd . 站在那里, 她很容易在人群中 监视那个人。
184 .
No , I won..t tell him . 不, 我不会告诉他。
No , I won..t tell on him . 不, 我不会告发他。( = report on)
185 .
He attended a lecture . 他参加听演讲。
He attended to his lecture . 他对演讲做好布臵。( make pr epar ations for)
186 .
Dr . Smith at tended this patient . 史密斯医生负责治疗这个病人。
Dr . Smith at tended to this patient . 史密斯医生看了这个病人的病。
187 .
I t is not like him to r epor t Mr . Brown . 他不像是会去告发布朗先生的那种人。 I t is not like him to r epor t to Mr . Brown . 他不像是肯向布朗先生报告的人。
188 .
You had bet ter see the pe rformance . 你最好看一看演出。
You had bet ter see to the pe rformance . 你最好注意一下演出的事。
189 .
Show him the door . 请他出去。( 逐客令)
Show him to the door . 陪他到门口。
190 .
I don..t like this job , but I suppose I shall have to stick it . 我不喜欢这个工作, 不过我想我 只好忍耐。( endure )
I don..t like this job , but I suppose I shall have to stick to it . 我不喜欢这个工作, 不过我想 我只好干下去, 不要更变。
191 .
This ar ticle cannot be improved . 这文章没办法再改了。
This ar ticle cannot be improved upon . 不可能有比这更好的文章。
192 .
The poor quality of his work has been remarked . 他工作质量之差已为人所觉察。( noticed) The poor quality of his work has been remarked upon . 他工作质量之差受到议论。 193 .
I am going to consult Dr . Johnson . 我打算请教约翰逊医生。( 请他看病)
I am going to consult with Dr . Johnson . 我打算和约翰逊医生商量。
194 .
Have you finished the paper ? 你写(看) 完论文了吗?
Have you finished with the paper ? 这论文( 报纸) 你不再需要了吗? (Do you still need it ?) 195 .
The Conservatives joined the Liber als in suppor ting the bill . 保守党跟在自由党后面支持 这项法案。
The Conservatives joined with the Liberals in suppor ting the bill . 保守党和自由党联合起 来支持这项法案。
196 .
They lodged the Johnsons . 他们把房间租给约翰逊一家。( let rooms to)
They lodged with the Johnsons . 他们向约翰逊家租了房间。( live togethe r)
197 .
Our scheme met with an objection . 我们的计划碰到了反对意见。
Our scheme met his objection . 我们的方案消除了他的反对意见。
198 .
She writes just like her brother did when he was young . 她的书法就像她哥哥小时候的一 样。( handwriting)
She writes just as he r brothe r did when he was young . 她写字的样子, 就像她哥哥小时候 一样。( manner)
199 .
I never go to see him unless he is ill . 除非他病了, 要不然, 我从不去看他。
I never go to see him but he is ill . 每次看他, 他总是病了。(Every time I . . .he . . .) 200 .
I doubt if there is a better gardener . 我怀疑还会有哪个花匠比他更好。(意思是没有) I doubt whethe r there is a better ga rdener . 我没把握有没有比他更好的花匠。
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876 附
录 201 .
There we re very few pas sengers tha t escaped without ser ious injury . 没有几个旅客不受重
伤而脱险的。( 大都受了重伤)
There we re very few pas sengers , who escaped without serious injury . 旅客很少, 他们没有
受什么重伤就脱险了。
202 .
I..d like to see if I can find it . 我要看看能不能找到它。
I..d like to see if I cannot find it . 我倒要看看是不是就会找不到它。( 不相信找不到) 203 .
Didn..t I tell you you weren..t to play near the pond ? 我不是告诉过你别在池塘边玩耍吗? Did I not tell you you we ren..t to play nea r the pond ? ( 这么说, )我没有告诉过你别在池 塘边玩耍吗?
204 .
This book was specially written for foreign students . 这本书是专门为外国学生写的。( for them only)
This book was especially useful to foreign students . 这本书对于外国学生特别有用。(particularly ,
ext remely)
205 .
With all his examinations passed, he could enjoy a carefree holiday . 现在各门考试全部合格,他
可以痛快过一个假日了。(过去分词)
With all his examinations past , he could enjoy a ca re-free holiday . 现在各科全已考过,他可
以痛快过一个假日了。(形容词)
206 .
They ar e plain people . 他们是很普通的人。
They ar e plains people . 他们是平原居民。
207 .
That piece of paper he found on the floor was a return ticket . 他在地板上捡到的那张纸是 一张来回车票。
That piece of paper he found on the floor was a returned ticket . 他在地板上捡到的那张纸 是一张退回来的车票。
208 .
How much money have you left ? 你留下多少钱? ( to you wife )
How much money have you got lef t ? 你剩下多少钱? (够不够买车票?)
209 .
He was left with only his daughter to car e for him . 只剩下他女儿来照顾他。
He was left with only his daughter to car e for . 只剩下他女儿靠他照顾。
210 .
The book will sell well ; It is bound . 这本书会很畅销, 它是装订的。
The book will sell well ; It is bound to . 这本书会很畅销, 肯定是这样。
211 .
You go if you want to . I don..t car e . 你要去就去吧。我不在乎。(mind )
You go if you want to . I don..t car e to . 你要去就去吧, 我不想去。( go)
212 .
I heard everything he told me . 他对我说的每一句话, 我都听到了。
I heard everything he told me to . 他要我听的每一句话, 我全听到了。
213 .
Come , now . Don..t waste time . 来吧, 别浪费时间。( now 是语气词)
Come now . Don..t waste time . 现在就来, 别浪费时间。
214 .
Still , the price is quite reasonable . 尽管这样, 价格还是相当公道的。
Still the pr ice is quite reasonable . 价格仍旧相当公道。
215 .
I wouldn..t advise you to go there for his sake . 我不愿意劝你为了他的缘故而去那个地方。 I wouldn..t advise you to go ther e, for his sake . 我不愿意劝你去那个地方, 这是为了他的 缘故。
216 .
Ma ry went to the shop only to discover how expensive the dress was . 玛丽到店铺里去, 只
是为了要看看衣服到底有多贵。( 目的)
Ma ry went to the shop , only to discover that the dr es s was too expensive . 玛丽到店里去,
却发现衣服太贵了。(结果)
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例讲评
217 .
He won..t think he has any r eason to thank you for all that you..ve done . 他觉得不必要为 你所做的事向你致谢。( thank sb . for sth . 结构)
He won..t think he has any r eason to thank you , for all that you..ve done . 尽管你做了那么
多, 他不会感谢你的。( although)
218 .
We did not come ea rly because we thought it would be inconvenient to you . 我们不是因为
怕对你不方便, 才来得早。( 是别的原因)
We did not come ea rly , because we thought it would be inconvenient to you . 我们没有很早
来, 怕的是对你不方便。
219 .
Would you like John or Henry to go with you ?
你要约翰还是亨利跟你一道去吗?
Would you like John , or Henry , to go with you ? 你喜欢约翰和你一道去呢? 还是亨利和 你一道去?
220 .
The facts the prisoner admitted pointed to him as the guilty person but he protested he was innocent . 在押被告供认的事实说明他是罪犯, 可是他申辩说自己无罪。(定语从句) The facts , the prisoner admitted , pointed to him as the guilty person but he protested he was innocent . 在押被告承认, 事实经过会使人以为他是罪犯, 可是他申辩说实际上他是无 辜的。( 插入语)
221 .
What is your brother ? 你弟弟是干什么的? (职业、身份;回答可以是a worker , a manager) What does your brother look like ? 他弟弟是个什么样子的人? ( 长相、外表;回答可以是
tall, thin , young , dark-haired , handsome )
How does your brother look ? 你弟弟现在的情况怎样? ( 目前情况如何; 回答可以是busy all day long , aged considerably after his wife..s death , deep in debt )
222 .
She is a lady of virtue . 她是个贤德的女人。( of virtue 作后臵定语, 相当于形容词virtuous, 如a man of courage = a courageous man , a child of fortune = a fortunate child( 幸运儿) , a man
of few words(寡言之人) )
He is a cow of a middle- aged man . 他是一位体大如牛的中年男子。
(of 后的词作同位语, 如that idiot of a Tom 那个傻瓜汤姆)
223 .
She has never recove red his loss . 失去了他, 她一直没有恢复过来。(动宾关系, his loss = she loses him)
He has neve r recovered his los s . 他一直没有从自己的损失中恢复过来。( 主谓关系, his los s = he loses something )
224 .
He did it that he might get more money . 他这样做为的是得到更多的钱。( it 为具体事物, that 引导目的状语从句)
He took it that he might get mor e money . 他认为他可能得到更多的钱。( it 为形式宾语, 真正的宾语为that 从句;在have , resent , dislike , leave 等后有that 从句作宾语从句中, 常 用it 作形式宾语, 如resent it that . . ., dislike it that . . .)
225 .
I found her a good gir l . 我发现她是一个好女孩。( a good girl 为宾语补足语, 相当于to be a good girl )
I found her a good boy . 我给她找了个好男孩。( a good boy 为直接宾语, 相当于found a good boy for her)
226 .
He left the town disappointed . 他失望地离开了那个小城。(disappointed 为主语补足语, 修饰He, 说明状态, 可移至句首)
He lef t the city unguarded . 他让那个小城不设防。(unguarded 为宾语补足语, 说明the city 的
状态, left 意为“让处于某种状态”, 如leave sth . undone, leave the questions unanswered) 227 .
He r an the shop single-handed . (说明主语, 表示方法, 作状语)
He caught the thief red-handed . ( 说明宾语, 作宾语补足语)
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录 228 .
She is calculating . Please don..t disturb her .
她在算账, 不要打扰她。( 分词, 进行时态)
She is calculating whereas her husband is broad-minded . 她工于心计, 而她丈夫则宽宏大量。
(形容词作表语, 如He is lacking in ability . )
229 .
She promised me to at tend the meeting . (不定式的执行者是She , me 可省略, 相当于She promised to attend the meeting 或She promised me that she would at tend the meeting . ) She permit ted me to at tend the meeting . (不定式的执行者是me , me 不可省, 相当于She pe rmitted my at tending the meeting . )
230 .
She caught the students cheating at exams . (分词, 作宾语补足语, 说明the students 当时的动
作状态)
She hated the students cheating at exams . (动名词, the students 作cheating 的逻辑主语, 相当
于the students..cheating at exams, 一起作hated 的宾语; like , hate, prefer , dislike, resent , don..t
mind , can..t stand 等后的- ing 形式的词均为动名词, 如resent people smoking in the room,
dislike John doing it in that way)
231 .
They made the fir e last during the night . (made 为使役动词, 相当于let , 不定式last 前没有
to , 作宾语补足语)
They made the fir e to keep off wild animals dur ing the night . ( made 相当于built , 意为“升
火”, 不定式to keep off 作目的状语)
232 .
She was the only woman to witnes s the accident . ( the only woman 同to witness 有主谓关
系, 相当于. . .the only woman who witnessed the accident )
She was the only woman to trust in the company . ( the only woman 同to t rust 有动宾关系, 相
当于. . .the only woman whom we t rusted in the company)
233 .
The girl loved him so as to marry him . 这个女孩如此爱他以至于与他结了婚。( 本句中的 so as to 不可看作一个整体, 而是分别起作用, so 作副词, 意为“如此地、非常地”, 也可视为
后面省略了much 或deeply , 相当于so much 或so deeply; as to 引起结果状语; 这句话可改
为. . .so deeply that she ma rried him 或. . .deeply so that she ma rried him)
The girl ma rried him so as to comfor t him . ( so as to 为一统一体, 相当于in order to , 引起
目的状语, 相当于The girl ma rried him in order to comfor t him .)
234 .
What do you call that in Chinese ? 在汉语中你把那个称作什么? ( what 为疑问代词, 作宾 语补足语, 说明that )
How do you say tha t in Chinese ? 那个在汉语中怎样说? (how 为疑问副词, 修饰say , 作
方
式状语)
235 .
She did it so as to win honours for the count ry . ( 引导目的状语)
The moon was bright , so as to enable them to find a way through the forest . (引导结果状语)
236 .
The girl wept to receive the letter . (不定式为原因状语, 其动作先于谓语动词, 相当于When
the gir l r eceived the lette r , s he wept . )
The girl wept to obtain our sympathy . (不定式为目的状语, 其动作后于谓语动词, 相当于 . . .in order to obtain our sympathy)
The girl wept to become all tears . (不定式为结果状语, 相当于. . .and then became all tears 哭成个泪人儿)
237 .
The tower is low for us to climb . 塔不高, 我们爬得上去。( 相当于low enough for us to climb . 或so low tha t we can climb , 表示肯定含义)
The tower is high for us to climb . 塔太高, 我们爬不上去。(相当于too high for us to climb 或so high that we can..t climb , 表示否定含义)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
879 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
238 .
He is not too proud of himself to accept other..s suggestions . ( not 否定整个too . . .to 结 构, 意为“并不太..所以能”, 表示肯定意义, 相当于He is not very proud and he can accept other..s s uggestions . )
He is too ambitious not to take the chance . ( not 否定不定式to take the chance , 便取消了 否定的含义, 表示肯定, 意为“太..不会不”, 相当于He is so ambitious tha t he won..t miss the chance . )
239 .
To my mind , a forced kindness deserves no thanks . ( to my mind 相当于in my opinion or view , 意为“照..看来或想”, 其他如to one..s belief 自信, to one..s knowledge 据..所 知, to one..s way of thinking 在..看来)
To our r egr et , the downpour spoilt our t rip . ( to our regret 意为“使我遗憾的是”; to 同表
示情感的名词连用, 表示“结果、效果”, 意为“使、致使”, 如to one..s great joy( 使..高兴
的是) , much to one..s surprise( 使..大为吃惊的是)
240 .
She st ruck me as an honest gir l . 她给我的印象是一个诚实的女孩。( st rike . . .as 意为“使 感到, 给印象”, an honest girl 同she 为同一人, 作主语补足语)
She mocked me as a count ry boy . 她嘲笑我是一个农村孩子。( as 短语作宾语补足语, 与
me 为同一人, 结构同regard . . .as, remembe r . . .as 相同)
241 .
She t reated him kindly as her best fr iend . 她友好地把他当作自己最好的朋友看待。( as 短 语为宾语补足语)
She t reated him kindly as his best friend . 作为他的最好朋友, 她友好地对待他。( as 短语 为主语补足语)
242 .
She rega rded him with inte rest . 她饶有兴趣地看着他。(with interest 表示方式、情绪, 作状
语, 相当于interestedly , 其他如with great zeal , with all my heart , with calmness , with delight ,
with enthusiasm)
She t ried to r each the branch with some red apples . 她试图得到那个结满了红苹果的树枝。
(with some red apples 作后臵定语。)
She served us with fruits . 她用水果招待我们。(这类with 短语大都表示物质、材料等, 如 supply . . .with r ice , present . . .with books )
243 .
She has nothing to write . 她没有东西写。( 指写的内容)
She has nothing to write with . 她没有东西写。(指写的工具)
244 .
I don..t know whether she has read the book or not . ( 本句型中or not 可省, 也可提前, 说
成I don..t know whether or not she . . .)
I don..t know whether she hasn..t r ead the book . (本句型为双重否定, 而实际表示的是不 太肯定的主观看法或猜测, 意为“我看..大概, 我想..也许”; 本句可译为“我想她也许 读过这本书”)
245 .
He went the re to see if eve rything was ready for the journey . ( 本句意为“他去那里看看旅 行是否都做好了准备”, if 可换为whether)
He went the re to see that everything was ready for the journey . ( 本句意为“他去那里落实 为旅行做好一切准备”。see that 相当于see to it that , 作take care 解, 意为“负责, 保证, 留 神, 注意”)
246 .
The suggestion that she has offered is wor th considering . ( that 引导定语从句, 为关系代词, 作
从句谓语动词的宾语, 可省, 也可用which 替代)
The suggestion that she will go ther e in his place is wor th considering . ( that 引导同位语从 句, 为the suggestion 的具体内容, tha t 不作语法成分, 只起连接作用, 一般不可省) 247 .
I shall neve r forget the day that I spent the re . ( that 为关系代词, 可省, 也可用which 代替)
I shall neve r forget the day that I fir st met her . ( that 为关系副词, 可用when 或on which 代替, 修饰met , 也可省)
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880 附
录 248 .
The happy days were coming when they won freedom and independence . 他们获得自由和
独立的时候, 幸福的日子就到来了。(when 引导状语从句, 亦可放在句首)
The happy days a re coming when they can enjoy themselves to their hear ts..contents . 他们
能够尽情享受的愉快的日子到来了。( when 引导定语从句, 为使句子平衡, 同被修饰的词 the happy days 隔开了。再如:Spring is the morning of the year when everything wakes up . )
249 .
The book is written in such easy English tha t even beginners can read it . ( that 引导程度状 语从句, 只起连接作用)
The book is written in such easy English as even beginne rs can r ead . ( as 引导定语从句, 为 关系代词, 作read 的宾语, 修饰English ;注意, 上面第一个例句尾部的it 不可省, 而第二个
例句尾部不可加it。再如: She had such a fright as made her ill . 这句中as 也是引导定语 从句, 作主语, 修饰fright )
250 .
Please let me know if she returns tonight . 如果她今晚返回, 请让我知道。( if 引导条件状 语从句, 亦可放在句首)
Please let me know if she will return tonight . 请让我知道她今晚是否返回。( if 引导宾语 从句, 相当于whether , 意为“是否”, 不可放在句首)
251 .
After the accident Henry was mad , and so he was . 事故之后亨利疯了, 他确实疯了。( he 与Henry 为同一人)
After the accident Henry was mad , and so was he . 事故之后亨利疯了, 他也疯了。( he 与 Henry 不是同一人; 再如People said Joe succeeded ; so he did , and so did she . 人们说乔成
功了, 是的, 他是成功了, 她也成功了。)
252 .
The fine weather added to our pleasure . (增加, 添加)
This s um of money adds up to 1 , 000 dolla rs . ( 总计达, 加起来等于)
253 .
Nothing could stop the advance of the army . (主谓关系:军队前进)
He has contributed much to the advancement of science . ( 动宾关系: 发展科学) 254 .
The president gave advance notice of the meeting . ( 指时间、距离方面“先期的, 在前的”, 只作定语)
She read widely among the most advanced thinke rs of her age . (先进的, 高深的) He..s advanced in yea rs . ( live to an advanced age , 年老的)
255 .
He wrote about his adventures in the African forest . ( 褒义词, 指非常激动人心的经历)
A profitable venture made her for tune . ( 商业上的冒险, 投机活动)
He ventured a proposal . (动词: 冒昧, 敢于)
256 .
She gave me 200 dollar s in all . ( 总共, 共计)
He was all in afte r a whole day..s work . ( 疲倦的, 相当于exhausted , very ti red) 257 .
Our eyes can accommodate themselves to seeing objects at different distances . ( 适应某种 工作、环境, 相当于suit to)
He of ten accommodates his friends with money . ( provide with)
258 .
That..s one t rue act of friendship . (简单、具体、短暂的行为)
They we re r eady for any action to defend the count ry . ( 总称, 指长时间才可完成的一系列
动作)
259 .
She acted as chairman in my absence . ( 充当, 起..的作用, 扮演, 相当于se rve as, 接表示 职务、身份的名词)
He is tempor arily acting for me in that post . (“代理”, 相当于do the work for another , 接 人名或代词)
260 .
The ring cost all of 100 dollars . ( 副词,“足足, 至少”)
She chose him, of all others , because of his ability and honesty . (“在所有..中偏偏”, 后 接复数可数名词)
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
881 附录一
英语貌合神离句与特殊难点
例讲评
261 .
He worked a round the clock . ( = round the clock , the clock round , the clock-around . 作状
语,“连续一整天、一昼夜”)
The a round- the- clock work made him very tired . ( = round- the- clock , 定语,“连续一整天、
一昼夜”)
262 .
As a result , he suffered a lot in those days . ( 状语, 用逗号同其他成分隔开,“因此、结果”) She succeeded as a r esult of pe rsistent efforts . ( 状语, 后接名词,“由于..的结果, 作为 ..的结果”)
263 .
We should consider the problem as a whole . (作为一个整体看待)
The pape r is well-writ ten on the whole . (总的看来, 大体上)
264 .
The discussion came to an end at 11 o..clock . (“结束”, 常同come, draw, bring 连用) He will fight to the end . (“到底、至死”, 强调极点、程度, 常同ca rry , fight 连用) 265 .
He sold the goods to me at cost . (照原价, 按成本)
He unde rstood it to his cost . ( 吃了苦头之后才.. , 付出了代价才.. )
266 .
He can..t feel at ease with headache . (“舒适地、舒适的, 无约束的、无拘束地”, 亦可作at
one..s ease )
He can lift the stone with ease . ( = easily)
267 .
She always keeps a dictiona ry at hand . ( 在手边, 在附近)
The summer holiday is at hand . ( 迫近)
He has a lot of money in hand . ( 手头拥有钱或物)
They have the situa tion well in hand . ( 在控制或进行中)
268 .
It snowed at intervals this week . (“不时地”, 相当于now and then;亦可说at long intervals , at
shor t inte rvals )
She went downtown at intervals of ten days . (“间隔..”, 相当于every;亦可说at an interval of)
269 .
She felt at peace at last . (表语, 强调状态, in a state of fr eedom or quietness )
He went on his work in peace . (状语, 相当于quietly)
270 .
They came by sea . (交通方式)
She met him at sea . (在航海期间, 在海上)
The city is on the sea . ( 在海岸上, 在海边)
271 .
The murderer was shot at sight . ( 一见到..立即, 亦可用on, as soon as sth . or sb . is seen) There is no man in sight . ( 能被看到, 在..视力范围内: able to be seen)
They came in sight of the town at last . ( able to see, 主语必须是人)
He is to be punished in the sight of law . (“在..看来, 在..眼里”, 常同人名或law、 God 等连用)
272 .
It is dangerous to corner at speed .高速转弯很危险。“( 高速地、全力地”,speed 前可加full, top 等)
He was walking forward with great speed . (“很快地、急速地”,相当于swiftly, quickly) 273 .
At the spot where he died , people erected a monument . (在..的地点或场所)
The spy was arrested on the spot . (当场, 立即)
274 .
She went in and out of the secret hole at will .
“( 随意,任意”,相当于as one wishes)
He does the work with a will .“( 热情地,起劲地”,相当于with great enthusiasm) 275 .
He is at work upon a paper .“( 从事,忙于”,后接upon 或on;亦可作“在工作”解,相当于operating
或working , 如the man at work , the machine a t work)
The company has a rail road on work now . 这家公司目前在修一条铁路。(“在完成中”, 相 当于in process of being done; 亦可表示“在业”, 相当于having employment ) 276 .
The boy can count backwards from twenty to one . 这个男孩能够从二十倒数到一。(“向 后地, 后退的”, 用作副词; backward 亦可作副词, 与backwa rds 同义)
He is never backward in speaking out his mind . (用作形容词,“畏缩的, 落后的, 弱智的”)
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277 .
The new shoes become her . (“同..相称”, 相当于suit )
What will become of the children now that thei r parents ar e dead ? (“发生..情况”, 相 当于happen to , 常有“不妙”的含义)
278 .
I t looks as though it will snow before long . (“不久”, 相当于soon , 其中的long 作名词) I heard of her name long before . (“很久以前”, 作副词)
The building was burnt down long before he came back . (“早在..之前”, 作连词) 279 .
The lamp belongs on that table . (“适合放在某处, 适合待在某处”)
This item of expenditure belongs under the head of office expenses . 这笔支出该归在办公 费项下。(“应归在..下”)
In the scientific field , the name of Einstein belongs with that of Newton . 在科技领域中, 爱因斯坦同牛顿齐名。(“跟..有同样适当的地位”, 相当于have a proper or suitable place with)
280 .
She was a born musician . 她是一位天生的音乐家。(“天生的”, 还可用于be born 结构, 表 示“出身, 出生”, 后跟in , at , on 等)
His pe rsistent efforts have borne rich fruit . 他坚持不懈的努力已经结出了硕果。(“结出, 产生”; 还可作“生育”解, 相当于give bi rth to , 如She has borne two children。) 281 .
She accused him of having broken his word . (“失言, 食言, 毁约”。word 为单数)
I t is hard for the conceited man to eat his words . 要那个自负的人认错是很难的。(“收回 自己说的话, 承认错误”, words 用复数)
282 .
The light bulb in the room burned out and he put in a new one . (“烧坏”, 指设备、灯泡等) He put some wood on the fi re and it burned up with a c rackle . (“烧旺”;但作“烧光、烧尽”
解时, 二者可换用, 如burn up old let ters 或burn out old let ters )
283 .
By and by the rest of my family came on board . (“不久, 不久以后”, 相当于soon , before long)
By the by( bye) , have you eve r heard of the name ? (“顺便问一下”, 作插入语) 284 .
Mr . Young , by cont rast , was much more out-s poken . (“对比起来, 相比之下”, 用作状语,
如stand by cont rast with each other 形成对比)
In cont rast to( with) his brother , he was always considerate in his tr eatment of others . (“和..对比, 与..相反”, 用作状语或表语)
His white hair was in sha rp contr ast to ( with) his dark skin .
285 .
I prefer to t ravel by day rather than by night . (“在白天”, 相当于during the day)
The employees wer e paid by the day , rather than by the hour . (“按天计酬”, 也可以说 by the month 按月, by the yea r 按年)
286 .
The dragged her off by force . (“用武力, 强行”, 用作状语)
People went to see the fireworks in force . (“大批地, 大量地”, 指人, 可用作表语或状语) The t rea ty shall r emain in force for a period of five yea rs . (“有效的”, 用作表语或定语) 287 .
His manners ar e rough , but he is a kind man at hea r t . (“在本质上, 在内心深处”, 相当于 in reality , in one..s inmost feeling;亦可表示“关心, 想到”, 如have another..s interests at hear t)
They ar e asked to learn the rules by hear t . (“靠记忆”, 常同lea rn , know, get 等连用) 288 .
Some people are quick- tempered by nature .“( 天生地”,如generous by nature, cruel by nature)
I t is a change in natur e . 这是性质上的变化。(“性质上的”, 作后臵定语;亦可表示“在世界
上, 在任何地方”, 如the pret tiest gir l in nature (世界上最漂亮的姑娘;还可表示“究竟, 完 全”, 相当于on ea rth , 用以加强语气, 如Wha t in natur e does she want ?)
Her r equest was in the natur e of a command . 她的请求简直像命令。(“属..的性质, 类 似”, 作后臵定语或表语, 如be in the natur e of a dog to be faithful to its master ) I t is not in his na ture to be jealous of other people..s good fortune . (“是..的本性”)
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289 .
She..s on the way to success . (“接近, 正在走向”, 如on the way to become a skilled worker)
Chr istmas is on the way . (“即将来到”, 亦可表示“即将送到, 在..的路上, 如on the way home)
In a way I agree with your estimate of the situation . (“在某种程度上, 有几分”) 290 .
There we re ten of them in the boat and they rowed by turns . (“轮流地, 交替地”, 相当于 alte rnately ;亦可表示“一阵..一阵.. , 一时..一时..”, 如feel cheerful and sad by turns , go hot and cold by turns)
We went in turn to be examined by the doctor . (“依次地”, 相当于one af ter another , in prope r order )
Jim stayed with Mary till midnight , comforting her and being comfor ted in turn . (“转而, 反过来, 又对..做同样的事”)
291 .
She is cleve r with he r hands . (“善于使用”, 后接工具、器械或人体器官, 如hand 等) He..s cleve r at painting . (“擅长于..”, 后接名词或动名词)
292 .
The book is a comprehensive study of the American history . (“全面的, 综合的”) What he said is not comprehensible to ordina ry minds . (“可以理解的, 好懂的”) 293 .
Her work is concerned with the prepa ration of the document . (“与..有关, 有牵连”, 相 当于have something to do with , involved in)
She felt very concerned for ( about , over) his safety . (对..关心, 担忧, 相当worried about) 294 .
The wing of a bird corres ponds to the arm of a man . 鸟的翅膀相当于人的手臂。(“相当 于, 等于”, 意为be equivalent to , be similar to)
I corresponded with him about his busines s . (“与..有通信往来”)
The job corresponds with ( to) his inter ests . (“相符, 一致”, 这种用法可用with 或to) 295 .
The gener al has many deadly enemies . (“不共戴天的, 令人受不了的”, 如the deadly smell 令人难闻的气味, 不可用deathly)
The man is deathly ill . (“非常, 极”, 用作副词, 可同deadly 换用, 如deathly or deadly dull;亦可
表示“致命的, 死一般的”, 可用deadly 换用, 如dea thly or deadly pale , deathly or deadly disease)
296 .
Tom..s mistake cost him dea r . 汤姆的错误使他付出了很大代价。( 作副词,“昂贵地, 付、花
很高代价”, 常同sell , pay , cost , buy 连用, 如buy cheap and sell dea r 贱买贵卖, pay dear for ,
sell the goods very dea r)
She dea rly loves to go back to her hometown . (作副词,“非常, 深深地”, 如love sb . dea rly
深深地爱着某人; 亦可表示“付出很大代价, 相当于a t great cost , 这种意义上可同dear 换 用, 如pay dea rly or dear for one..s mistakes, be bought dear ly or be bought dear) 297 .
He is quite decided about it . (“坚决的, 果断的”, 指人, 作表语或定语, 如a decided man , in
a decided manner , be decided in one..s answer ;亦可表示“肯定的, 明确的”, 指物, 如a decided
answer 一个确定无疑的答复, a decided difference between the two 两者之间的明显差别) This is the decisive factor to his succes s . 这是他成功的决定性因素。(“决定性的”, 指物, 如a decisive bat tle , a decisive change , a decisive move ;亦可表示“果断的”, 指人, 这种意义
上可同decided 换用, 如a decisive person , give a decisive answer )
298 .
I t is a delightful evening . (“令人高兴的, 怡人的”, 作定语或表语, 主语是物, 如a delightful
chat , The music is delightful to me . )
Fathe r is delighted with my paper . (“对..感到高兴”, 一般作表语, 主语是人, 后可接介 词、不定式或that 从句, 如delighted at the news , delighted with s b . , delighted to receive one..s let ter , be delighted that one is succes sful )
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Wisdom differ s from cunning . (“与..不同”, 这种意义上不可用with , 如differ sharply from, differ gr eatly from, differ from sb . in many respects)
He differs with( from) her on that matter . (“持不同意见, 有分歧”, 这种意义上可同from 换用, 如differ with/ from sb . about over sth . )
300 .
He directed his ene rgies to improving conditions . (“把精力、注意力贯注于, 把目标、方向指
给”, 这种意义上不可用at , 如direct sb . to the station( 为..指点去车站的路) , direct one..s attention to sth . )
This warning is directed at ( to) him . (“话、文章等针对, 把枪、炮等对准”, 这种意义上可同
to 换用, 如di rect the gun at/ to the window, direct one..s rema rks at/ to sb . )
301 .
He was very disappointed at ( about ) losing the race . (后接事物名词、动名词短语或what 从句, 但不接指人的名词或代词, 如disappointed at/ about the r esult )
They we re disappointed with( in) the new manager . ( 后接指人的名词或代词;但亦可接事 物名词, 这时可同at 和about 换用, 如disappointed with/ in/ at/ about sb ...s work) 302 .
No one can do without sleep for very long . (“不要, 没有..也行”, 相当于get along without ,
dis pense with , give up , 如do without a holiday , do without luxuries , do without the service
of a sec retary)
They want to do away with the old regulations . (“废除, 结束”, 相当于put an end to , abolish;
亦可表示“杀掉, 弄死”, 相当于kill , 如do away with the enemy/ oneself)
Those who do good will find peace . (“做好事, 行善”, 可同much , a lot of 连用, 后可接for ,
句子的主语一般是人, 如do a lot of good for the people)
A day in the count ry will do you good . (“对..有益处”, 相当于benefit sb . , 亦可说do good
to sb . , 句子主语一般是物)
304 .
She bought an elect ric blanket yesterday . 她昨天买了一条电热毯。(“电动的, 带电的”, 指 由电操作或由电产生的, 如elect ric light , electr ic iron)
He is an elect rical engineer . 他是一位电气工程师。(“与电有关的”, 所修饰的名词本身一 般不带电, 如an elect ric book 一本电学方面的书)
305 .
Alber t Einstein emigrated from Germany to the United States . (离开本国移往国外, 与from 和
to 连用)
John decided to immigrate into our country next year . (从异地他乡移入, 同to 或into 连用)
Some bi rds migrate to the south in winter . 有些鸟冬天飞往南方。(“迁移, 移栖”, 指氏族、 部落的移居或鸟类的迁移)
306 .
The bat tle ended in a victory(failur e) (“以..为结果, 告终”)
She ended he r own life by killing he rself . ( by 表示方式、手段)
307 .
These children are exceedingly well behaved . (“非常、极其”, 相当于ext remely , very much )
The prices at this hotel ar e exces sively high . (“过分地、过度地”, 相当于too) 308 .
Othe r exhibits include paintings and photos showing the life of the people . (“展品, 陈列 品”, 亦可指小型展览会)
In the af ternoon she went to an exhibition of modern a rt . ( 指大型的“展览会”, 亦可表示
“表演赛、展出”, 如a boxing exhibition 拳击表演赛, hold exhibition ma tches , handicr afts on
exhibition 展出手工艺品)
309 .
This explana tion is far from satisfactory . (“远远不、完全不”, 有否定意味, 后接形容词、代
词、名词、动名词, 如far from a fool, far from being a failure )
The guns we re fetched from far . (“从远方”, far 为名词)
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310 .
One of my favourite sayings is“Ther e is no smoke without fire”. ( 作形容词, 意为“最喜欢
的”; 亦可作名词, 意为“最喜欢的人或物, 宠儿”, 如be a favourite with/ of one..s mother )
A t rade pact has been signed gr anting China the most favoured nation t reatment . (“受优惠
的, 优惠的”)
She made a favour able impression on the manage r . (“良好的, 有利的”, 如the favourable weather , the favourable r ema rks about ; 亦可表示“赞同”, 作表语, 如be favourable to the
proposal)
311 .
She lives in a flat for the moment . (“目前、暂时”, 常用于一般现在时)
I..m busy at the moment . (“此刻”, 在过去时中意为“那时”)
He will be back in a moment . (“马上, 立即”, 同非延续性动词连用)
Please wait here for a moment . (“一会儿”, 同延续性动词连用)
312 .
Shall I go for a doctor for you ? (“去请医生”, 为他人看病)
You look pale, and you..d bet ter go to a doctor . ( 自己“去看病”)
313 .
Don..t go to the t rouble to per suade him . I t..useless . 不要在费心劝他了, 没有用。(“费心,
不辞劳苦”, 亦可说take the t rouble, 后接不定式或of 短语)
If he gets into t rouble , it is your responsibility . (“招致麻烦、不幸、陷入困境”, 同dis pute , difficulty 等连用)
314 .
The soldiers fought hand to hand . (“短兵相接, 逼近地”)
They walked along the road hand in hand . (“手拉着手”;亦可作“联合地”解, 如Theory should
go hand in hand with practice . )
315 .
She came in company with some gir ls . (“和..一起”)
The delegation visited the city in the company of the prime minister . (“在..的陪同下”) Behave yourself in company . 在众人面前规矩些。(“在公众面前”)
316 .
He has just writ ten a long poem in memory of the famous scientist . (“纪念”)
To the memory of those who died in the anti-fascist wa r .
(“谨以此书或此片献给..”)
317 .
Can you list the kings of England by name ? (“按名字, 名字叫, 凭名字”, 如Jack by name 名叫杰克, know sb . by name 知道某人的名字)
She knew a gentleman by the name of Baxte r . (“名叫..的”, 亦作under the name of 或 of the name of , 后接人的姓名, 作后臵定语)
He is a scholar in name but not in fact . 他是个徒有虚名的学者。(“有名无实的, 名义上的”, a democracy in name , be ma rried in name)
I arrest you in the name of the law . (“以..的名义, 代表..”, 如in the name of the king 以 国王的名义,亦可说in sb... s name ;若后接God , Heaven , Goodness ,则意为“到底,究竟”,表
示惊异情绪, 如What in the name of Heaven are you doing he re ?)
Ma rian Evans wrote under the name of George Eliot . (“以..为笔名”)
318 .
I t will not be in place to raise the issue at the meeting . ( 作表语,“恰当的, 适当的”;亦可表 示“在适当或原来的位臵”, 作表语或状语, 如like everything to be in place, leave everything in
place)
The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks . (“代替”, 相当于instead of , 作状语)
319 .
In point of cost , the fir st plan is the better . (“就..来说, 从..上看”)
We were on the point of telephoning you when your telegram arrived . (作表语,“正要.. , 即
将, 接近”, 如on the point of death , on the point of going)
320 .
He is a man of the world . 他是个老于世故的人。(相当于worldly)
She looks for all the world like her mother . 她简直跟她母亲一模一样。(“完全, 一点不差”; 在否定句中作“无论如何”解, 如won..t do it for all the wor ld)
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There was not a house in view . (“可以看见”, 亦可表示“在考虑中, 意在”, 如have a plan in view 考虑一项计划)
In view of facts, it seems useless to continue . (“鉴于, 由..看来”, 相当于considering) He wrote with a view of ea rning money . (“为的是, 为了”; 亦可用to , 后接动名词或名词)
322 .
We..ve kept up our friendship for over twenty yea rs now . (“继续, 维持”; 亦可表示“斗志、
价格等不低落”, 如Thei r spirit kept up in spite of the hardships . )
The prices have kept up .物价一直在上涨。
We must keep up with the times . (“跟上, 与..同步前进”, 如keep up with them, keep up with medical development )
323 .
There is a limit to my patience . (“限度、界限、极限”, 如set a limit to 对..加以限制, know no limits)
A wise man knows his limitations . 聪明人自知自己的缺陷。( 指受条件、环境等因素的“限 制”, 作可数名词或不可数名词)
We should make the best of our time . (“充分利用”)
With her indomitable spirit she got the best of her disease . 她以坚强不屈的意志战胜了疾 病。“胜过(, 战胜, 占优势”, 如get the best of sb . by a clever t rick 以智取胜;亦可说get the bet ter of)
325 .
You..d bet ter tell him not to make t rouble . (“捣乱, 制造麻烦”)
You need not take the t rouble to do that . (“不怕麻烦, 费心”, 如take the trouble about sth . ,
take the t rouble of doing sth . )
326 .
We..d better go through with the work , Jane , now that we..ve begun . (“既然”, 相当于since)
I have nothing against her , only that I dislike her manne r . (“除..之外, 要不是”, 引导条 件状语从句, 相当于except that )
327 .
The plan is on the board . (“在会上讨论”, 相当于be discus sed at a meeting)
Helen is now on the boa rds . (“当演员, 演出”)
They set sail afte r the passenge rs came on board the ship . (“在船、飞机、车上”) 328 .
We are proud of our count ry . (“为..自豪”, 用于褒义)
There is nothing to be proud about . 没有什么值得骄傲的。(“对..洋洋得意”, 用于贬义) 329 .
The t rain was going at the rate of 160 miles an hour . (“比率, 变率, 速率”, 侧重指各种百分
率, 如be taxed at the ra te of 15% 以15%的税率纳税)
Mix sand and cement in the ratio of two to one . 按两份黄沙对一份水泥的比例拌和。(“比 例, 比价”)
330 .
They are ready for the t rip . (“准备好干什么”, 相当于ready to do sth . , 如ready for distribution ,
ready for packing)
He is always ready with excuses . 他总是有借口。“准备好所要说的话”(, 后接reply , excuse, answer , explanation。suggestion 等)
331 .
They ar e now in the rest room of the station . (“休息室”, 亦表示“共公厕所”) That rest house is quite clean . (“招待所”, 亦作“别墅”解)
332 .
She is satisfied with your answer . (“对..满意”, 后接人或事物名词, 相当于pleased with) She is satisfied of your ability to write the paper . (“确信”, 后接事物名词或抽象名词, 相 当于sure of)
333 .
She set about writing the poem . (“开始, 着手”, 后接动名词)
She set out to climb the hill . (“开始, 着手”, 后接不定式)
He loves to show off his lea rning . (“卖弄, 炫耀”, 用于贬义)
At times like these the true cha racter of the man shows up . (“显露出来, 显示出来”)
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例讲评
335 .
He is s hy of(with ) st rangers . 他在陌生人面前怕难为情。(“在..面前怕羞”, 这种意义 上可同with 换用; shy of 亦可表示“对..有顾虑, 对..感到怀疑, 缺少”, 如shy of doing it 对做那件事有顾虑, shy of this sor t of man 对这种人有怀疑, shy of money 缺钱)
The girl shied away from looking the st range man in the eye . (“由于害羞、顾虑等而避免 做某事”, 相当于avoid doing sth . out of shyness or fea r . etc . )
336 .
The girl is obviously sick for home . (“渴望, 盼望”)
He was sick of lying in bed . (“对某人、某事或做什么事感到厌恶或不耐烦”)
John is sick with a fever . (“患..病”, 亦可表示对某人感到不高兴, 如sick withhim for being la te)
337 .
She sticks a t her work ten hours a day . (“坚持”工作、学习等, 后接名词、代词或动名词) Students must stick to the rule . (“坚持”立场、观点、原则等, 后接名词; 亦可表示“坚守” 岗位,“信守”合同、诺言,“忠于”某人,“粘在..上”)
338 .
The thief was surprised by the police . (“被意外地”捉住、撞见、遇见)
I am not surprised at his doing such a thing . (“对..感到惊奇”)
339 .
Nobody took any note of what he said . (“注意”, 相当于pay a ttention to)
He took notes of everything the professor said . (把..记下来, 记笔记)
Take note , the t rain is coming . (“注意, 留心”, 相当于take car e, 独立使用, 也可接不定式
或that 从句)
340 .
He took great pains to explain the rule clearly . (“尽力, 费心, 特别注意”, 后接不定式或with
短语, 如take pains with one..s work 工作非常刻苦)
She has pains in the leg . (“..痛”, 亦可说have a pain , 后常接in + 身体部位名词, 如leg , arm, foot 等)
341 .
Her t roubled look frightened me . (“忧虑的, 不安的”, 指神色、表情等, 相当于worried) He is a t roublesome child . (“令人烦恼的, 令人讨厌的”;亦可表示“困难的”, 如the troublesome
problem)
342 .
He usually tunes in to( on) BBC . (“收听, 收看”)
The policy is quite in tune with the needs of the people . (“与..一致, 协调”)
343 .
She keeps a book under he r a rm . (“在..腋下”)
She has a child in her arms . (“怀里搂抱着”)
344 .
The bridge is unde r repair . (“在修理中”, 相当于being repair ed)
They keep the highway in ( good) repair . (“处于良好状态”, 常用in good repair , 同in bad r epair 或out of repair 相对)
345 .
The cat likes to sit in the sun . (“在阳光下, 晒太阳”, 如Don..t read in the sun . )
I am sur e she has visited every count ry under the sun . (“全世界的, 在任何地方”, 亦可用 于加强语气, 意为“究竟, 到底”,Where under the sun could I have put the book ?) 346 .
The boat went up and down on the rough sea . ( 副词词组,“上上下下地, 来回地, 到处”, 如
walk up and down , look for sb . up and down; 亦可表示“彻底地, 完全地”, 如know sth . up
and down)
Life is full of ups and downs . 人生充满苦和乐。(名词词组。“盛衰, 成败”, 前可加the, this, my 等限定词, 如suffer those ups and downs)
347 .
She has lost a valuable r ing . (“贵重的, 值钱的, 令人钦佩的”, 如a most valuable writer . ) The fr iendship of the two count ries is old and valued . (“受重视的, 被珍视的”;亦可表示 “经估价的, 已有评价的”, 如a painting valued at one thousand dollars . )
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书
888 附
录 348 .
Her variable mood is rather troublesome . (“多变的, 反复无常的”, 如the variable weather . )
The task was difficult for various reasons . (“各种各样的, 种种”, 强调多, 后接复数名词) The news we get is very varied . (“各不相同的, 变化很多的”, 接复数名词或单数名词, 强调不
同, 如lead a varied life, have a varied career ;various 和varied 二者有时可换用, 但强调点不同,
如Their opinions are various/ varied)
349 .
People vary ve ry much in their ideas . (“在..方面不同”, 相当于differ )
The prices of goods vary with the reason . (“随..而不同, 改变”)
The film va ries from the or iginal . (“与..不同”;亦可表示“违反”, 如vary from the rule/ the law of na ture )
350 .
The old man was visited by many troubles . (“使遭受, 灾难等降临到”)
After the meeting , we visited with the writer for a while . (“同..交谈或聊天”, 相当于 chat with 或talk with ;亦可表示“访问、探视”, 如visit with one..s par ents )
351 .
This failure may wake her up . (“使醒悟”)
At last he woke up to the danger he was in . (“认识到, 意识到”, 相当于realize; 亦可表示 “使..认识到”, 如wake sb . to the possibilities of)
352 .
He is faithful in word and deed . 他言行忠实。(“在口头上”, 如a friend in word 口头上的
朋友;与实义动词连用时, 亦可用with words, 如admit one..s mistakes in word/ with words)
In a word , I don..t t rust him . (“总之”)
353 .
They took a turn in the yard before going to bed . (“转一圈”)
They took turns in the ya rd at keeping watch . (“轮流”)
354 .
He always pays attention to others..private affairs . (“注意”)
He always pays attentions to beautiful gi rls . (“向..献殷勤”)
355 .
He kept the garden well by ar t . ( 用“人工”)
He deceived the youth by ar ts . ( 用“诡计”)
356 .
She has the last word in ordering goods . (“作最后决定, 有决定权”)
She had he r last words and died . (“讲了些临终的话”)
357 .
He r aised his hand at the enemy . 他举起手, 向敌人击去。
He r aised his hands to the enemy . 他举起手向敌人投降。
358 .
She has no one take care of her . 她不让别人照顾她。( has 为使役动词, 相当于make , let , 意为“使、让”; take ca re of he r 为宾语补足语)
She has no one to take care of her . 她无人照顾。( has 意为“有”, 无使役意义, to take ca re of he r 作定语, 修饰one )
359 .
She had the machine run all day long . ( run 为动词原形, 相当于make the machine run , machine 是run 动作的执行者)
She had the shop run all day long . ( run 为过去分词, shop 是run 动作的承受者) 360 .
At the door there are two women waiting for you . ( 只说明一个事实:门口有两个人在等你)
At the door there a re two women who a re waiting for you . (不仅说明一个事实, 而且含有
个人的感情色彩: 希望你快点去接待她们。)