清东陵导游词中英文

裕陵

裕陵是清入关后第四帝清高宗爱新觉罗？弘历即乾隆皇帝的陵寝，位于孝陵以西的胜水峪，始建于乾隆八年（1743），乾隆十七年告竣，耗银200多万两。

裕陵明堂开阔，建筑崇宏，工精料美，气势非凡，自南向北依次为圣德神功碑亭、五孔桥、石像生、牌楼门、一孔桥、下马牌、井亭、神厨库、东西朝房、三路三孔桥及东西平桥、东西班房、隆恩殿、三路一孔桥、琉璃花门、二柱门、祭台五供、方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶和地宫，其规制既承袭了前朝，又有展拓和创新。

一、石像生设置8对，比其祖父康熙帝的景陵多了麒麟、骆驼、狻猊各一对，虽数量少于孝陵，但种类却与孝陵一样。

二、裕陵大殿东暖阁辟为佛楼，供奉各式佛像及大量珍宝。以后帝陵纷纷效仿，成为定制。

三、陵寝门前的玉带河上建有三座规制相同的一孔拱桥，龙凤柱头栏杆，桥两端以靠山龙戗住望柱。这三座拱桥造刑优美，雕工精细，在清陵中仅此一例。

四、地宫内布满了精美的佛教题材的雕刻：三世佛、五方佛、八大菩萨、四大天王、二十四佛、五欲供、狮子、八宝、法器、佛花以及三万多字的藏文、梵文经咒，雕法娴熟精湛，线条流畅细腻，造型生动传神，布局严谨有序，堪称"庄严肃穆的地下佛堂"和"石雕艺术宝库"。 裕陵的这些特征既是乾隆皇帝好大喜功、笃信佛教个人意志的体现，也是处于鼎盛时期的清王朝综合国力的反映。

裕陵地宫内葬乾隆皇帝、孝贤、孝仪两位皇后，慧贤、哲悯、淑嘉三位皇贵妃，共计六人。

Yuling: Yuling fourth of Emperor 高宗 爱新觉罗 • 弘历 After Qing Emperor Qianlong mausoleum, located west of the Xiaoling wins Shuiyu, was built in the Qianlong years (1743), Qianlong seventeenyears see completed, the consumption of more than 170 million ounces of silver.

Yuling Mingtang open, the building Chonghong, workers concentrate the United States, imposing extraordinary holiness magic Beiting, five-hole bridge, stone figures, archway door order from south to north, a hole in the bridge, dismount brand Jingting, kitchen god library, something toward the room, three three-hole bridge and things Pingqiao things classrooms, en Temple, three hole bridge, and glass flower door, the second wicket, the altar five for Fangcheng, Ming House, Boseong , ding and the underground palace, the regulation only inherited the former, another exhibition Billiton and innovation. Stone figures set of eight pairs than its grandfather Mausoleum of Emperor 康熙 of the King, a pair of unicorn, camel, Ni, although the number is less than Xiaoling, but the species has Xiaoling. Yuling hall turned into East Snappers Buddha floor, dedicated to all kinds of statues and a large number of treasures. After the Mausoleum to follow suit and become the custom. Built mausoleum in front of Yudai River the three regulation the same hole arch bridge, dragon and phoenix stigma railings, the bridge at both ends to the patron dragon berm live in hope pillar. This three-arch bridge in prison beautiful carving fine, only this one case in the Qing Mausoleum. , And intrauterine full of beautifully carved Buddhist themes: Buddhas of the five parties, the Buddha, eight Buddha, four kings, twenty-four Buddhas, five desires for the Lions, Eight, instruments used, the Buddha spent thirty thousand multi-word Tibetan, Sanskrit Mantras, carved skillfully superb, delicate flowing lines, dynamic, vivid and expressive, disciplined layout, called the "solemn underground temple and stone carving art treasure house. The Yuling these characteristics both Emperor Qianlong grandiose manifestation of devout Buddhist, the individual will, but also a reflection of the overall national strength in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. The Yuling intrauterine buried two queens of Emperor Qianlong, Xiao Xian, Hsiao-yi, Hui Yin, philosophy of Benjamin, Shu Jia three imperial concubine, a total of six people