英汉互译技巧1
英汉互译技巧
A Practical Course of English-Chinese and Chinese-English Translation
外国语学院应用英语系
胡光金
Introduction of the Course:
⏹Course description: 通过各种文体的翻译实践和一定数量的译例赏析,运用基础翻译理论,使学生在语义、语法形态、修辞、篇章、文化背景等方面对比英汉两种语言,掌握翻译基本技巧并系统提高实际翻译能力 Teaching approach:
结合多媒体,以课堂讲授,课堂练习,课后作业和教师讲评相结合
Selection of texts:
⏹Main text: 《英汉互译教程》交大自编
⏹References:
陈宏薇,《汉英翻译基础》,上海:上海外语教 育出版社,1999 陈宏薇,李亚丹,《新编汉英翻译教程》,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2006 冯伟年,《新编实用英汉翻译实例评析》,北京:清华大学出版社
References:
宋天锡,《翻译新概念:英汉互译实用教程》,国防工业大学出版
孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2006
汪涛,《实用英汉互译技巧》,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006
许建平,《英汉互译:实践与技巧》,北京:清华大学出版社
References:
许建平,《研究生英语实用翻译教程》,北京:中国人民大学出版社
叶子南,《高级英汉翻译:理论与实践》,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
曾道明,陶友兰,《研究生英语英汉互译教程》,上海:复旦大学出版
张培基,《英汉翻译教程》,上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999
Course requirement
⏹期末总成绩=平时成绩(30%)+期末考试成绩(70%)
⏹平时成绩=课堂表现(10%)+平时测试及作业(10%)+出勤考核(10%)+奖励分(1--4分)
⏹无故缺席一次扣1分,迟到或早退三次扣1分,旷课4次以上出勤分记为0分。如有急事或特殊情况需事前以书面形式请假,并要有导师签字或院系公章 ⏹参加“CCTV杯”英语演讲比赛可视获奖情况加1到4分,一等奖加4分,二等奖加3分,三等奖加2分,凡参加比赛的选手可加1分
Knowledge is what we know
Also, what we do not know.
We discover what we do not know
Essentially by what we know.
Thus knowledge expands.
With more knowledge we come to know
More of what we do not know.
Thus knowledge expands endless.
知识是我们已知的
也是那些我们未知的。
基于已有知识之上
我们去发现未知的。
由此,知识得到扩充。
我们获得的知识越多
未知的知识就会更多。
由此,知识的扩充永无止境。
⏹ Jacques Rogge, president of the International Olympic Committee, delivers a speech during the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games in the National Stadium in north Beijing, China, on Aug. 8, 2008.
⏹Mr. President of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Liu Qi, Members of the Organizing Committee, dear Chinese friends, dear athletes:
⏹For a long time, China has dreamed of opening its doors and inviting the world's athletes to Beijing for the Olympic Games. Tonight that dream comes true. Congratulations, Beijing.
⏹You have chosen as the theme of these Games "One World, One Dream". That is what we are tonight.
⏹As one world, we grieved with you over the tragic earthquake in Sichuan Province. We were moved by the great courage and solidarity of the Chinese people. As one dream, may these Olympic Games bring you joy, hope and pride.
⏹Athletes, the Games were created for you by our founder, Pierre de Coubertin. These Games belong to you. Let them be the athletes' Games. Have fun!
⏹Remember, they are about much more than the performance alone. They are about the peaceful gathering of 204 national Olympic committees, regardless of ethnic origin,
gender, religion or political system. Please compete in the spirit of the Olympic values, excellence, friendship and respect.
⏹Dear athletes, remember that you are role models for the youths of the world. Reject doping and cheating. Make us proud of your achievements and your conduct.
⏹As we bring the Olympic dream to life, our warm thanks go to the Beijing Organizing Committee for its tireless work. Our special thanks also go to the thousands of gracious volunteers, without whom none of this would be possible.
⏹Beijing, you are a host to the present and a gateway to the future. Thank you.
⏹I now have the honor of asking the President of the People's Republic of China to open the Games of the XXIX Olympiad of the modern era.
⏹Mr. President of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Liu Qi, Members of the Organizing Committee, dear Chinese friends, dear athletes:
⏹中华人民共和国主席先生,刘淇先生,奥组委的成员们,亲爱的中国朋友们,亲爱的运动员们:
⏹For a long time, China has dreamed of opening its doors and inviting the world's athletes to Beijing for the Olympic Games. Tonight that dream comes true. Congratulations, Beijing.
⏹长久以来,中国一直梦想着打开国门,邀请世界各地的运动员来北京参加奥运会。今晚,梦想变成了现实,祝贺北京!
⏹You have chosen as the theme of these Games "One World, One Dream". That is what we are tonight.
⏹你们选择“同一个世界,同一个梦想”作为本届奥运会的主题,今晚就是这个主题的体现。
⏹As one world, we grieved with you over the tragic earthquake in Sichuan Province. We were moved by the great courage and solidarity of the Chinese people. As one dream, may these Olympic Games bring you joy, hope and pride.
⏹我们处在同一个世界,所以我们像你们一样,为四川的地震灾难而深感悲恸。中国人民的伟大勇气和团结精神使我们备受感动。
⏹Athletes, the Games were created for you by our founder, Pierre de Coubertin. These Games belong to you. Let them be the athletes' Games. Have fun!
⏹各位运动员,我们的创始人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦是因为你们而创立了现代奥林匹克运动会。奥运会属于你们。让奥运会成为运动员的盛会。祝你们比赛开心!
⏹Remember, they are about much more than the performance alone. They are about the peaceful gathering of 204 national Olympic committees, regardless of ethnic origin, gender, religion or political system. Please compete in the spirit of the Olympic values, excellence, friendship and respect.
⏹请大家牢记,奥运会不仅仅意味着比赛成绩。奥运会还是和平的聚会。204个国家和地区奥委会相聚于此,跨越了民族、性别、宗教以及政治制度的界限。请大家本着奥林匹克的价值和精神,即卓越、友谊和尊重,投身于比赛。
⏹Dear athletes, remember that you are role models for the youths of the world. Reject doping and cheating. Make us proud of your achievements and your conduct.
⏹亲爱的运动员们,请记住,你们是世界青年的楷模,请拒绝兴奋剂,向作弊说不。你们的成就和表现应该让我们感到骄傲。
⏹As we bring the Olympic dream to life, our warm thanks go to the Beijing Organizing Committee for its tireless work. Our special thanks also go to the thousands of gracious volunteers, without whom none of this would be possible.
⏹当我们把奥林匹克梦想变成现实之时,我们要诚挚地感谢北京奥组委,感谢他们不辞劳苦的工作。我们还要特别感谢成千上万、无私奉献的志愿者们,没有他们,这一切都不可能实现。
⏹Beijing, you are a host to the present and a gateway to the future. Thank you. ⏹北京,你是今天的主人,也是通往明天的大门。感谢你!
⏹I now have the honor of asking the President of the People's Republic of China to open the Games of the XXIX Olympiad of the modern era.
⏹现在,我荣幸地邀请中华人民共和国主席先生宣布第29届夏季奥运会开幕! General Terms in Translation Study
⏹ST: Source Text
⏹TT: Target Text
⏹SL: Source Language
⏹TL: Target Language
⏹RL: Receptor Language
⏹Literary Translation
⏹ Non-literary Translation
⏹Literal Translation
⏹Free Translation
⏹Word for Word Translation
⏹C-E Translation
⏹E-C Translation
An Overview of Translation
⏹Definition of Translation
⏹Criteria of Translation
⏹Means of Translation
⏹Process of Translation
⏹Qualifications of a Translator
What is translation? 翻译的定义
⏹翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想和内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。(张培基)
Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (E. A. Nida )
所谓翻译,是指在翻译中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先在语义上,其次在文体上。
翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。(陈宏薇,李亚丹)
Translation is a kind of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication that converts the meaning of a culture into another.
翻译是指把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。简言之,翻译是一种用不同的语言文字将原文作者的意思准确地再现出来的艺术。(许建平)
Translation means the conversion of an expression from one language to another. To say it plainly, translation is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by mean of a language different from the original.
Criteria of translation:
翻译的标准
⏹翻译标准是衡量译文质量的尺度,又是指导翻译实践的准则。
⏹严复的“信、达、雅”
⏹Alexander F. Tytler(泰特勒)
⏹“功能相似、意义相符”
⏹“等值”、“等效”、“功能对等”
⏹国际商务英语翻译标准:信息灵活对等
Yan Fu’s
“Three-character guide”
⏹信:Faithfulness, the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content
⏹达:Expressiveness, the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense
⏹雅:Elegance, the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty
对“雅”的不同解释,产生3种翻译标准
⏹坚持“信、达、雅”标准,肯定其主导地位
⏹采纳“信、达”标准,对“雅”持不同观点。“信达切”, “信达贴”,”信达优”等 ⏹另起炉灶,提出新的标准。傅雷的“形似”,“神似”,钱钟书的“化境”等
泰特勒的翻译三原则:
⏹That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. ⏹译文应完全复写出原文的思想。
⏹That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
⏹译文的风格和笔调应与原文的一致。
⏹That the Translation should have all the case of original composition.
⏹译文应和原文同样流畅。
Two unanimously accepted criteria
⏹Faithfulness/Accuracy: being faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style.
⏹Smoothness, not only easy and readable rendering but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanical copying from dictionaries
⏹忠实:
首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作的内容完整而准确地表达出来,不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏、阉割或任意增删的现象。忠实还指保持原作的风格,即原作的民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。
⏹通顺:译文语言必须通顺易懂,符合规范。译文必须是明白晓畅的现代语言,没有逐词死译、硬译的现象,没有语言晦涩的现象,没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。
⏹忠实与通顺相辅相成
An old, mad, blind, despised, and dying king―
⏹TT1 :一位衰老的、疯狂的、瞎眼的、被人蔑视的、垂死的君王——
⏹TT2 :又狂又盲,众所鄙视的垂死老王——
⏹The decease of a great man is always affecting; but the death of the hero who had soared to the zenith of military glory and civic achievement seems to touch the very nadir (bottom) of calamity.
⏹TT1 :一个伟人的死总是令人伤心的;然而,这个在军事光辉和公民成就方面都达到顶峰的英雄的死似乎跃进了灾难的无底深渊。
⏹TT2:虽则说伟人的逝世总不免动人心弦,但这位文治武功鼎盛一时的英雄之死,引起的悲伤似乎到了极点。
⏹形式尚未明朗化。
⏹TT1:The situation has not yet been clarified.
⏹TT2:No clear picture has yet emerged.
⏹我们在会议期间畅所欲言。
⏹TT1:We freely expressed our opinion during the meeting.
⏹TT2:We had the luxury of opinion during the meeting.
⏹Although learning is judged to require from teachers ( and sometimes indeed it does), the real instructors may be found not so much in school or in great laboratories as in the student’s own powers of insight.(现代正式英语)
⏹学识得之于导师是人所共见的,有时也确乎如此。但是,真正的“导师”大都不出自学校或实验室,而是学者本人的洞察力。
⏹We think we learn from teachers, and we sometimes do. But the teachers are not always to be found in school or in great laboratories. Sometimes what we learn depends upon our own powers of insight. (一般非正式英语)
⏹大家都说我们是向老师求教,一般说来,情形的确如此。但是老师也并不只有在学校里或大实验室里才能找到。有时候,我们学到了东西,靠的是自己的心明眼亮。
⏹You know, people are always saying they learn from teachers! Ok, so they do, sometimes. But what I want to get across is this: you don’t always find your teachers in schools or in labs, either. No sir! Sometimes you find the teacher right in your own eyes and ears and brains. That’s where it’s at! (口语体非正式英语)
⏹大家总是说教学教学,教师教,学生学。不错,有时候是那么回事。但是,依我看,老师也不是只有在学校里或者在实验室里才能找到,不是的!有时候“老师”就在你自己脑袋里,在你耳朵里、眼睛里,就是这么回事!
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. The chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in ⏹
the judgement and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
Francis Bacon Of Studies
读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。 王佐良 《论读书》
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. The chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
Francis Bacon Of Studies
读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。 王佐良 《论读书》