DB11T708-2010生鲜乳收购站建设与管理技术规范

生鲜乳收购站建设与管理技术规范

Technical specifications about construction and management

for raw milk receiving station

北京市质量技术监督局 发布

目 次

前 言 ·································································································································································· II 1 范围 ···································································································································································1 2 规范性引用文件 ················································································································································1 3 术语和定义 ························································································································································1 4 建设要求 ····························································································································································1

4.1 选址 ·····························································································································································1

4.2 布局 ·····························································································································································1

4.3 功能区设置 ·················································································································································1 5 设备与维护 ························································································································································2

5.1 机械设备 ·····················································································································································2

5.2 设备维护 ·····················································································································································2

5.3 附属设施 ·····················································································································································2 6 卫生防疫 ····························································································································································2

6.1 环境 ·····························································································································································3

6.2 人员 ·····························································································································································3

6.3 卫生控制 ·····················································································································································3

6.4 污染物排放 ·················································································································································3

6.5 突发事件 ·····················································································································································3

6.6 其他 ·····························································································································································3 7 管理 ···································································································································································3

7.1 质量检测 ·····················································································································································3

7.2 监督管理 ·····················································································································································3

7.3 操作规程 ·····················································································································································3

7.4 从业人员 ·····················································································································································4

7.5 规章制度 ·····················································································································································4

I

前 言

本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。

本标准由北京市农业局提出。

本标准由北京市农业标准化技术委员会养殖业分会归口。

本标准由北京市农业局组织实施。

本标准起草单位：北京市畜牧兽医总站。

本标准主要起草人：陈余、谢实勇、史文清、韦海涛、贾亚雄、云鹏、苗燕、薛振华、蒋益民。

II

生鲜乳收购站建设与管理技术规范

1 范围

本标准规定了生鲜乳收购站建设要求、设备与维护、卫生防疫、管理等方面的要求。

本标准适用于北京地区生鲜乳收购站建设和管理。

2 规范性引用文件

下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。

GB 5749 生活饮用水卫生标准

GB 6914 生鲜牛乳收购标准

GB 16548 病害动物和病害动物产品生物安全处理规程

GB/T 20014.8 良好农业规范 第8部分：奶牛控制点与符合性规范

GBJ 39 村镇建筑设计防火规范

GBJ 52 工业与民用供电系统设计规范

NY/T 388 畜禽场环境质量标准

NY/T 1168 畜禽粪便无害化处理技术规范

乳品质量安全监督管理条例

生鲜乳生产收购管理办法

3 术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

生鲜乳 raw milk

正常饲养的、无传染病和乳房炎的健康奶牛乳房内挤出的常乳。

3.2

生鲜乳收购站 raw milk receiving station

符合《乳品质量安全监督管理条例》和《生鲜乳生产收购管理办法》条件要求并依法取得所在地县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门核发的生鲜乳收购许可证的生产单位。

4 建设要求

4.1 选址

生鲜乳收购站应按照所在地奶源分布情况，依据方便奶畜养殖者、促进规模化养殖的原则，建在地势平坦干燥、排水良好、水源充足、水质符合GB 5749规定的地方。应与饲养场、屠宰厂或其它容易导致生鲜乳受到污染的污染源保持相应的安全卫生与防疫距离。

4.2 布局

2奶站建筑面积应在100 m以上，应有专用的运输通道，避免和污道交叉，应具有更衣室、消毒室、

检测室、卫生间及其他收购服务的必需场所。养殖场（小区）内的生鲜乳收购站应建在场区的上风处或中部侧面，距离牛舍50 m以上。

4.3 功能区设置

4.3.1 基本要求

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DB11/T 708—2010

应有消毒区、待挤区、挤奶厅、贮奶间、化验室、设备间、消毒通道、更衣室、办公室等功能区，挤奶厅的地面铺设耐磨防滑瓷砖、墙面光滑，所有建筑物的屋顶、墙壁及地面应采用无毒、无异味、不透水、易清洗的浅色防腐材料建造。

4.3.2 消毒区

待挤区前设立消毒区，每班奶牛进入待挤区前应经过消毒。

4.3.3 待挤区

面积大小应与挤奶位数相适应，通风、排水良好，有条件的可配备降温设施。

4.3.4 挤奶厅

面积大小应与挤奶位数相适应。奶牛进出挤奶厅的通道应通畅，通道宽度应为95 cm～105 cm，通道栏杆无尖锐突出物。下水道应保持通畅，并安装便于清洗的防返味装置。墙壁应便于清洗和消毒。

4.3.5 贮奶间

应通风、防尘，有条件的可安装监控摄像头。挤奶厅和贮奶间相连接地面应硬化、排水良好。

4.3.6 设备间

应留有足够的空间以供配电、真空泵、冷却设备以及其他配套设备的安装和操作。

5 设备与维护

5.1 机械设备

5.1.1 冷却设备

冷却、冷藏等设备应与收奶量相适应，制冷能力应在挤奶结束后2 h内达到0 ℃～4 ℃。

5.1.2 挤奶设备

挤奶设备选型应符合相关要求，并与泌乳牛头数相适应，设备应易清洗消毒。

5.1.3 贮奶设备

贮奶罐应采用光滑、非吸湿性、抗腐蚀、无毒的材料制成，保温层厚度应不低于50 mm，密封良好，内设搅拌装置。

5.1.4 检测设备

应有与检测项目相适应的化验、计量、检测仪器设备。应配有比重计、酸度计、乳房炎快速检测仪、酒精阳性乳检测仪、乳成分测定仪等。

5.1.5 生鲜乳运输设备

罐体应保温隔热、防腐蚀、防震荡、便于清洗。

5.1.6 配套设备

应配备发电及提供70 ℃～80 ℃热水的设备。

5.2 设备维护

应建立维护制度，根据设备要求定期进行维护。

5.3 附属设施

5.3.1 防火设施

应符合GBJ 39的规定。

5.3.2 供电设施

应符合GBJ 52的规定。

5.3.3 消毒设施

应配备场地、牛舍、人员、牛体、设备等消毒设施。

5.3.4 其他辅助设施

应配备必要的消防、防蚊蝇、防鼠、警示标识等设施。

6 卫生防疫

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DB11/T 708—2010

6.1 环境

收购站环境整洁，无恶性异味。室内通风良好，空气质量符合NY/T 388的规定。粪污无害化处理设施符合NY/T 1168的要求。

6.2 人员

6.2.1 每个奶站至少2名质检人员，有相关部门核发的收奶员资格证书，持证上岗。

6.2.2 质检人员每年应接受培训和考核。

6.2.3 工作人员进入生鲜乳收购站应穿工作服和工作鞋、戴工作帽，清洗双手，并经过消毒。

6.2.4 工作服、工作鞋以及工作帽应每天消毒。

6.3 卫生控制

6.3.1 生产过程控制应按照GB/T 20014.8的规定。

6.3.2 挤奶厅、贮奶间只能用于生产、冷却和贮存生鲜乳，不得堆放任何化学物品和杂物。

6.3.3 生鲜乳在挤奶、冷却、贮存、运输过程中，应在密闭条件下操作，不得与有毒、有害、挥发性物质接触。

6.3.4 收购站内不得吸烟，并张贴相关警示标志。

6.3.5 清洗和消毒

6.3.5.1 挤奶厅与相关设施在每班次奶牛挤奶后应彻底清扫干净，用高压水枪冲洗，并进行喷雾消毒。

6.3.5.2 奶桶、奶杯等用后彻底清洗和消毒。如果清洗消毒后超过96 h未使用，再次使用前应重新清洗和消毒。

6.3.5.3 收购站周围环境每周应用2 %氢氧化钠溶液或其它高效低毒消毒剂消毒一次。

6.3.5.4 站内排污池和下水道等每月用漂白粉消毒一次。

6.3.6 运输与贮存

6.3.6.1 生鲜乳运输车辆应取得生鲜乳准运证明，并持有生鲜乳交接单。生鲜乳运输罐在起运前应加铅封，运输途中不得向奶罐内加入任何物质。

6.3.6.2 贮奶罐外部应保持清洁、干净。交奶后，贮奶罐应及时清洗消毒并将罐内的水排净。奶泵、奶管、节门应定期通刷、清洗，每周2次。

6.4 污染物排放

不合格奶、污水无害化处理应按GB 16548的规定执行。污染物排放应符合环保部门的相关要求。

6.5 突发事件

突发性传染病应急措施应按照GB/T 20014.8的规定执行。

6.6 其他

收购站内不得饲养其他动物。

7 管理

7.1 质量检测

应按照《乳品质量安全监督管理条例》对生鲜乳进行常规检测。收购的生鲜乳应按照收购时间和采样编号留存样品，冷冻保存至少10 d，便于质量溯源和责任追究，经检测合格的乳可以出售。

下列生鲜乳不得收购：

1) 经检测不符合健康标准或者未经检验检疫合格的奶畜产的。

2) 奶畜产犊7 d内的初乳，但以初乳为原料从事乳制品生产的除外。

3) 在规定用药期和休药期内的奶畜产的。

4) 添加其他物质和其他不符合乳品质量安全国家标准的。

7.2 监督管理

生鲜乳收购站监督检查和不合格奶问题处理参照《生鲜乳生产收购管理办法》执行。

7.3 操作规程

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DB11/T 708—2010

7.3.1 待挤奶牛健康检查

经检查发现有下列情况之一的奶牛不得入挤奶厅：

—— 正在使用抗菌药物治疗以及不到规定的停药期的奶牛；

—— 产犊7 d内的奶牛；

—— 患有乳房炎的奶牛；

—— 患有结核病、布鲁氏菌病及其他传染性疾病的奶牛。

7.3.2 乳房清洁与消毒

挤奶前应先用35 ℃～45 ℃温水清洁乳房、乳头，然后用专用药液药浴乳头后擦干。药浴液应现用现配，并保证有效的药液浓度。

7.3.3 挤奶前乳样检查

手工将头三把奶挤到专用容器中，检查是否有凝块、絮状物或水样物。乳样正常的奶牛方可上机挤奶；乳样异常时应及时报告兽医，并对该头奶牛单独挤奶，挤出的乳汁单独存放，不得混入正常生鲜乳中。

7.3.4 挤奶过程

应迅速将奶杯稳妥地套在乳头上，使奶杯略微前倾，挤奶套杯时应避免空气进入杯组中。出奶较少时应对乳房进行自上而下地按摩，防止空挤。挤奶过程中应观察奶流，必要时调整奶杯组的位置。

7.3.5 挤奶结束

应在关闭集乳器真空2 s～3 s后再移去奶杯，避免过度挤奶。挤奶结束后，应再次进行乳头药浴。

7.4 从业人员

7.4.1 健康条件

应有健康合格证，每年至少应体检一次，并有健康档案。

7.4.2 培训和教育

7.4.2.1 从事生鲜乳化验检测的人员应经培训合格，熟悉生鲜乳生产质量控制及相关的检验检测技术。

7.4.2.2 应对员工进行定期的卫生安全培训和教育，增强质量安全观念。

7.5 规章制度

7.5.1 管理制度

应建立完善的管理制度，包括卫生保障、质量安全保障、挤奶操作规程、化学品管理、运输制度等。

7.5.2 记录与追溯制度

7.5.2.1 应建立生鲜乳收购、销售、检测记录，并保留2年。

7.5.2.2 生鲜乳收购记录应包括下列内容：收购站名称、收购许可证编号、畜主姓名、单次收购量、收购日期和地点等。

7.5.2.3 生鲜乳销售记录应包括下列内容：生鲜乳装载量、装运地、运输车辆牌照及准运证明、承运人姓名、装运时间、装运时生鲜乳温度、销售单位名称等。

7.5.3 检验化验制度

7.5.3.1 设立生鲜乳质量检测室。配备经培训合格的检验人员。

7.5.3.2 检测仪器应有有效的计量检定证书。

7.5.3.3 每批次生鲜乳留样，样品保留时间不低于72 h。

7.5.3.4 生鲜乳检测记录应包括下列内容：检测人员、检测项目、检测结果、检测时间、留样方式、留样保存条件等。

4