谢孟媛中级文法(代名词)
代名词92-99
代名词的种类
1. 人称代名词 I, you
2. 指示代名词 this, that
3. 不定(数量)代名词 some, anyone
4. 疑问代名词 who, what
5. 关系代名词 who, which
一、 人称代名词
1)
2) 人称代名词的顺序
1. You and I had better start at once.
2. I and Bob were arrested for speeding. 遇到不好的事端,可先说I
3) we, you, they的特殊用法
1. We should try to learn from our mistakes. 包含说话者本身
2. You can’t get a driver’s license till you’re eighteen. 听者
3. They say that she will marry. 不包含说话者和听者, 据说
注意
We live on rice in Taiwan. 台湾人说我们以米食为生
You live on rice in Taiwan. 你们台湾人以米食为生
They live on rice in Taiwan. 他们台湾人以米食为生
People live on rice in Taiwan. 通用
4) it的用法
a. 表 时间, 天气, 距离, 天色情况 等
1. My brother has been married for three years.
>It has been three years since my brother got married. 时间
>It is three years since my brother got married. 表一种事实is
2. The weather gets hot and humid in summer
>It gets hot and humid in summer. 天气
3. It is about two kilometers to the town from here / from here to the town. 距离
4. It gets dark early at this time of the year. 老天爷
5. How is it going at school? 事情进行的如何在学校
6. here为副词
How do you like it here?
I like it (here) very much.
How do you like it?
What do you like?
b. 形式主词it
1. It is important to keep a promise.
2. It is not easy to get out of a bad habit.
3. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
4. It is important that you obey the rules.
5. It makes no difference how you do it. 你怎么做都没有差别
c. 形式受词
1. Air tank make it possible for divers to breathe underwater.
2. I found (that) it was surprising that she didn’t know who Michael Jordan was.
I found it surprising that she didn’t know who Michael Jordan was.
find, think, consider, believe, make + it + O.C.(受词补语) + that子句
d. It be ~ that ~ 的强调句 (参照特殊构句部分)
e. 其他重要表现
1. It cost thirty dollars to fix the computer. cost只能花钱
2. It takes two hours to get to the airport. take只能花时间
3. I take it for granted that they got divorced. 视~为理所当然
5) 所有代名词
所有代名词=所有格+名词
my>mine
his>his
her>hers
its>its
(1) 一般用法
1. My cost is brown, and his is black.
2. Your bike is so different from mine.
(2) 双重所有格
由于 a, this, that, some, her, his等不可同时出现
故用 a, this, that, some等 + 名词 + of + 所有代名词
1. I happened to meet a friend of mine / one of my friends at the station.
2. I really like that charming smile of hers. 更强调是某人的
I really like her charming smile.
(3) 惯用表现
1. Yours sincerely (truly, faithfully).
敬上
2. With best wishes to you and yours.
竭诚祝福你和你的家人
6) 反身代名词
(1)
1. You should accustom yourself to your new surroundings.
2. I have never been to Paris myself, but I hear it's nice.
I myself have never been to Paris, but I hear it's nice
3. Lisa's mom looked at her in the mirror. Lisa妈看Lisa
Lisa's mom looked at herself in the mirror. Lisa妈看自己
(2) 惯用表现
1. Help yourself to(prep.) the food. 自行取用食物
2. Take care of yourself.
Take care.
3. Please make yourself at home. 请不要拘束
Take it easy. 放松
4. I couldn’t make myself understood in English.
5. Did you tie yours shoelaces by yourself / alone?
6. Look up the word in the dictionary for yourself?
look up the word in the dictionary / consult the dictionary for the word
注意
talk to oneself
dress oneself
behave oneself
enjoy oneself
hurt oneself
introduce oneself
seat oneself 坐下
beside oneself 忘形
come to oneself 恢复知觉
垦丁, 台湾地名
1. Please allow me to introduce myself.
2. She was beside herself with joy. 他高兴得忘了形
beside 为介系词, 不可置于名词后
3. He soon came to himself.
二、 指示代名词
1) this (these), that(those)
a. 一般用法
1. This is my son, and that is my daughter.
2. This is not the dessert I ordered.
3. Lots of people go abroad these days. 最近
b. 电话用语
1. — Who is this/it, please?
— This is David (speaking).
You have a wrong number. 你打错了
c. this, this 表前述句子
1. To be or not to be — that is the question.
生或死? 那是问题所在
2. We have the right to express our opinions freely. That is called freedom of speech. 言论自由 d. this指后续的句子
1. I'll just say this — you should follow your father's advice.
2. He told me to call her — this I did at once.
e. this (these)表[后者], that(those)表[前者]
1. Work and play are both necessary to health; this gives us rest and that gives us energy.
先提到的远(that)前者, 后提到的近(this)>后者
2. Tobacco and alcohol are both injurious; but this / the latter is less injurious than that / the former. f. that(those)可避免名词重复, 无this
1. Our climate (in our country) is milder than that(the climate) of India.
代替名词
one=a/an+N
it=the+N
N+修饰语=that
2. Smokers’ lungs are more likely to get cancer than those of nonsmokers.
g. this/that的惯用法
1. She went to this doctor and that. 她四处求医
2. We talk about this and that. 各种各样的东西
We talk about this, that and the other.
3. At this, she stood up. 听到这个,她就站了起来
4. With this, he left the room. 这样说着就；说完这个就
5. He yawned, and that very often.
6. It’s an idea; and a good one at that. 而且
7. He told me about his trip and what he bought and all that. 诸如此类
8. He kissed her and with that / and then he left. 于是；然后就
h. this, that可当副词, 用以加强语气
1. This fish I caught was this big.
2. I didn’t you were that tired.
2) so
a. 当动作的受词
1. He told me to wait in line and I did so.
2. — Do you think it will be sunny tomorrow?
— I hope so. / I hope not.
b. 当补语
1. Is that so? 是那样吗?
2. Do you still feel sick? If so(sick), you must see the doctor.
You make me sick. 你使我恶心
c. 当程度副词
1. Don’t talk so fast.
2. I often donate money to charity, and so does my wife.
The greatest gift we have is our health, and so it is.
d. 惯用表现
1. They sell apples, oranges, bananas, and so on.
2. — It’s risky.
— May be. But even so, I have to do it. 即使如此
3. He stayed here a year or so. 大约
3) such
a. such+(a)+(形容词)+名词
1. I don’t know such a man. 这样的人
2. I have never heard such nonsense in all my life. 这样荒谬的话
b. all(any, few等)+such+名词
1. Have you tasted any such food before? 任何这样的食物
2. I like lions, tigers and some such wild animals. 一些这类的野兽
c. 惯用表现
1. I visited several European countries, such as / like France, Italy and Switzerland.
For example / instance +子句
2. I have never read books such as he mentioned.
注意
I don’t like such fish as an eel. 我不喜欢鳗鱼之类的鱼
3. He is a gentleman and must be treated as such. 以对待绅士的方式待他
4. My income, such as it is, supports my family. 尽管不怎么好
such as they are 复数时
5. The news gave her such a shock (that) she nearly fainted.
such有形容词的特性, so有副词的特性
4) same
a. 一般用法(当代名词, 形容词)
1. I said it was a good buy and she said the same / so.
2. I don’t like to have the same food every day.
b. the same ~ as + 名词/子句
the same ~ that + 子句
1. I want the same shoes as yours.
2. He is the same man that I saw yesterday.
He is the same man as I saw yesterday.
the same 只能用that
c. 惯用表现
1. His opinion about his plan is much the same as yours. 几乎一模一样
His opinion about his plan is very different from yours.
2. He is rude, but I like him all the same. 仍然
3. It’s all the same to me. 对…说来都一样；无所谓
It makes no difference to me. 对…说来都一样；无所谓
4. — Happy New Year.
— (The) same to you.
5. You may go today or tomorrow; it comes to the same thing. 反正结果都一样
三、
1) one
a. one=a/an+单数名词 无限定(同类物品)
the+名词=it 有限定(同一件物品)
1. I’d like to borrow a hammer if you have one.
2. Did you bring the textbook?
No, I didn’t bring it.
b. 加修饰语
1. I lost my umbrella yesterday; I must buy a new one.
2. These boots have worn out. I need to buy some new ones. 复数
3. I like that picture — I mean the third one from the left.
4. The guitar is similar to the one I have.
注意
one 不可代替不可数名词
He likes white wine better than red (wine).
c. 惯用表现
1. She is nurse and mother (all) in one to the orphans.
2. They left by/in ones and twos. 三三两两
3. They came, one and all, to welcome him. 全都；人人
4. The teacher interviewed the students one by one.
5. I, for one, do not agree. 就我个人来说
2) both / all 不定代名词(表示不特定的人或物, 或不定数量的代名词)
a. both两者, all三者上
1. Both of my parents are happy about the result.
Both of my parents are not happy about the result. 部分否定, 并非两者都
Neither (None) of my parents are not happy about the result. 全部否定
2. All (the) villagers knew of the accident. 形容词
All of the villagers knew of the accident. 代名词
The villagers all knew of the accident. 同位格
know sth.亲眼所见 know about/of sth. 道听途说
b. All + 单数名词 > 表全体
1. It rained all afternoon.
2. All the town / the whole town was destroyed.
3. They jogged all the way.
c. All+抽象名词/身体部位的复数
1. The lady was all smiles. 这位女士满脸笑容
2. She was all ears. 她专注地听
3. His fingers are all thumbs. 满手都是大拇指（笨手笨脚）
d. All的惯用表现
1. There are 700 boys and girls in all. 总共，合计.
2. He ate the meat, bone and all. 连…一齐都
他把肉连同骨头都吃光光
3. We have all but / almost finished the work. 几乎，差一点
注意
at all
above all 尤其是
first of all 首先
for all I know 就我所知
all at once (all of a sudden) 突然
for all 尽管
1. The dress does not suit her at all.
2. Did you fallow/take the doctor’s advice at all?
3. If you learn English at all, learn it well.
4. For all / in spite of her efforts, she failed.
3) some / any
a. 表示[一些]
肯定句 some
否定句,疑问句,条件句 any
1. I need some coins. Have you got any?
2. Please lend me some money if you have any.
b. some 表[某个]
any 表[任何一个~都~]
1. How about having dinner at some good restaurant? restaurant单数
2. Any of the magazines will do.
c. Some用于疑问句
表示邀请或请求的疑问句
或当说话希望得到肯定的答案时
1. Would you like some coffee?
2. If you eat some cabbage, I’ll take you to the park.
d. some与any的副词用法
some大约
any 一点点[也]…
1. Some forty people were present at the party. 大约四十人
2. I can’t run any faster.
I can’t wait any longer.
3. It’s not any big for you.
e. 惯用表现
1. I hope to visit London some day.
some day 未来式 one day 过去式;未来式
2. Let’s discuss it some other day. 改天
3. We’ll call on him in any case. 无论如何
call on+人 call at+地
4. He was determined to finish the work at any lost. 不惜一切代价
5. Correct mistakes, if any. 若有的话
6. There is little water, if any. 即使有
即使有水,也很少
4) other / anther
a. 一般用法
1. I don’t like this one; please show me the other. 只有两个
I don’t like this one; please show me another. 不止两个
2. Would you like another piece of pie?
b. 用于列举
1. I have two sisters: one is married and the other is not.
2. I have three sisters: one is sociable, but the others are too shy.
注意
数量为三时 one-another-and the other
数量为四时 one-another-another-and the other
数量为某时 one-the second-the third-...-and the last
I have three young friends: one is eight years old, another is ten, and the other is twelve.
3. Some of the club members came on time, but the others were all late.
4. Some people are good at dancing, and others aren’t.
5. She hung her raincoat on one hook and her umbrella on another
.
注意
未列举完
some~, and some~ 可数; 不可数
some~, and others~ 可数
列举完
some~, and the rest~ 可数; 不可数
some~, and the others~ 可数
c. 惯用表现
1. I have a black cat and a white one: the one / the former likes to play, and the other / the latter
sleeps most of the day. 前者~, 后者~
2. To know is one thing, and to teach is quite another.
知道是一回事, 而教又是另一件事
To say is one thing, and to do is quite another.
3. They shouted at each other.
4. We introduced one another at the welcoming party.
5. The restaurant served dishes one after another. 陆续
dishes 菜肴；餐具
6. The two girls rowed the boat one after the other. 两个轮流
7. On (the) one hand we look for excitement, but on the other (hand), we look for peace in mind.
我们一方面寻求刺激, 另一方面寻求心灵平静
5) each / every
a.
each, every强调个体, +单数名词+单数动词
1. On each side of the street there were policemen. 只有二用each
2. These hats cost 10 dollars each. 副词, 不可用every
3. There are two books in his bag and each book is carefully wrapped in colorful paper.
4. Every student has his favorite subject. 不知性别用his
5. Every dog and (every) cat has his likes and dislikes.
b. every+抽象名词 (一切的~)
1. I have every reason to believe it. 充分理由
2. She showed me every kindness.
她尽其所能地对我非常亲切
c.
每隔~
1. The Olympics are held every four years. 每四年
The Olympics are held every fourth year. 每一个第四年
每四年,每隔三年 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2. I come here every other week. 不用second用other
I come here every two weeks.
每两周,每隔一周
6) either / neither
a.
皆用单数形
neither 是一个否定字 not+either>neither 不可和not同时出现
1. Either of the two answers will do. 代名词性
Any of the three answers will do.
2. I can write with either hand. 形容词性
不可用both
我两手都能写字
3. I don’t like either of the man. 两个都不喜欢.
I like neither of the man. 两个都不喜欢.
4. We passed two gas stations, but neither of them was open. 两家都没开
5. Neither of the titles is suitable for the essay. 两个都不适合
b. either / neither 也不
1. Bill didn’t come to the party, and Jack didn’t, either.
Bill didn’t come to the party, and neither did Jack.
Bill came to the party, and Jack did, too.
Bill came to the party, and so did Jack.
2. If you do not go, neither will I.
If you do not go, I won’t, either.
7) no / none
a. no + 单数名词/复数名词
1. He has no money.
He doesn’t have any money.
not any = no
2. The policeman arrived in no time. 立刻
重点
not 表示[不~] ; no 表示[绝非~]
no = not a
1. He is not a musician. 他不是音乐家
2. I am no thief. 我绝不是小偷
I am by no means a thief.
b. none(无一) + 单数名词/复数名词
1. None of us agree/agrees with you.
2. None of us were/was against the proposal. against介词
3. None of the information is useful. 不可用are, information不可数
4. (It’s) none of your business. 这不关你事
8) somebody~ / something~
a. somebody +形容词
1. Will somebody else be present?
other + 名词
else: 疑问词+else (what else, who else, …) somebody, everything,…+else b. 所有格 ~body’s
1. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
众人之事就是无人之事, 三个和尚没水喝
c. 特殊表现
1. He thinks he is somebody.
他自以为是个了不起的人物
2. If you want to be anybody, you must hard.
如果想要成为大人物, 你必须努力工作
d. 惯用表现
1. He is a lawyer or something. 律师之类诸 如此类的什么
Are you crazy or something?
2. He would not go with me for anything. 无论如何（用于否定句中）
3. Peter isn’t called a playboy for nothing. He had one girlfriend after another.
不是没有道理>有道理
Peter被称为花花公子是有道理的
4. He did nothing but laugh. 他一味地笑
5. I had nothing to do with the accident. 与…无关
I had much/little to do with the accident. 与……有很大/一点点关系
6. He is nothing but a fool. 只是个傻瓜罢了