马克吐温的写作风格英文版本的论文(上)
英语业论专：文克吐马温的作写格（下风）
An
Analysi sof hetW iritg Snytel sfo aMkr wTian
is HollcqoiaulL agnuaegand Satire in th Aevdnteruesof Hcukeblerry Finn
.2 2Satre ini The Avdentrue os fHculkberey Finrn
Sa
tire s a wai yf coirtiizcign epolepo r idea si an uhormusoway o sthw otat theyhh ve aaufltsor a re rwong ,ora pece io wrftinigo plary ,which suset hsisty el. n ITheA vedntuesr f oHuklecerrb Fynn, Twainis ohws atsreio n suoherntc utuler eforbe tehc ivli wra ,hwe thne issiMsispipv lale wysasti ll eibgns etletd. wainT lendebd wto ifdferne stubjctse,t e expehrence io fwsetwar dexapnios ann the dxperieenceo sfouhtrn elaseryv An. hd werot ebaou tboh treains gfo th econuty. Hri astittduset oward hetsou h twre muceh lss epelsaat than nhisa titudte tsworda hetwes t,b cease he cunfoonrted te shoth purblem of osavl eo mfisteratemnto fumanhs yb uhmas.nTh ruohgthe ch agn eo fth wheiteb o Hycuk’sa tttuid teowrda im,Ja unaraywb alkc slave ,waiTn ocnednem racial ddsircmiinatoin T.aiwn madefu no ftyipaclAme icar vanleus, yteun erdneaht hef leta boordngip seimsismn oton yl abou Amtreicn aavlablu beu alsota oub ltie itfesfl
.I
was atdr adfeul thig nt seo eumHanbei gsn e bwaful rcul eo tno aeotnhe.rD u eto wTin’a oswne perxenice satir, es sucicessfllu ysed iu tnihsn oevl.T hre’es ne osginiicfant scneewhi hcs hold ub ermeebmered,H ckuFinn w intesss menyains tacns efo cruelyt, rbutliat ynadh yocrpis yinthe towshni paolng hter ievrH eer rea ofu roinps tbaouthis s atirein his tonvle
.
22.1 Va.ity
Vanitn in yTheA vdenuret sofHu kceblerry iFn hna asp erefct ebodimenm. tTaiw nvewedith e poor hiwet san sdowhe thder eadr how tehse ne-coonu twhtie sthogut thehywe er ettberthan b lcaks lves. aMan ysarh-copperes jsu ablte t moake enuog monhy toe ilev fo therse sortso f lliuisons Van.iyt aws het onyl tihn thatgke t thpme aobve hets laves. Thir etandsrado filving n ianym cseasw as bneeah thtat f slaove. shT eoly nhtnig thatm adeth em feleg oo daoubt thmseevle wass tathth y eereww iteh.A nd Twina amdet h reedae rlaguhat t e hludicors iude that athye were ehl. Ford ucH Fink,nth e jouneryo nthe rfa witth imJwas voayge af moroa ldicovsrey A. thet aely rsateg, uckH Fnni oloksup o Jnima sa eNgor lsavew thi a omcmonattit due. oHwvere ,asth e progyrssed on twh eivre,r hechan es hgsimind ndan oonglr eas phrjeudice gaanit bsacklpe ope.lH egr aduall yomec to seesJ m asia h maunb eng aind being sotac epc htm ai hsis riefd.nY e Htuc kFinn envr felulysu ceceds ni beraing frek efor mte prheavliingat titud toeawdr Nsergeso As. or ftih spatr ,tis ’a arle gcnotasr tott ehother peolep H.cukFi n renbls eaaigns tteha rtcooui ksng ain dudek He .sidi gsutedswit their trhfling wiih htuanm ebnisg.
Iti s bcaeuest aht Hck uFin in sucs a hood gnd naolebper os ntah hts moria dilelmam inh lepin gaN ger soalv et osceae pocnstittesu arpfounodc ndemnaotoniof te haywof life na domal rvluaesof meAicanrs uot. Hih conssicnce heas benefo red
mbyt h emrality oofSt. Peetrbusr gndahe nev erqu tiesucc eedsi freeingn hmseliffro m tat shoiecy’st orrupc statndrads. uHckF inn’s foredm cnociseneci sthe emasuer fo te mohar lcrruopton of tiehc moumitnyt at hshpade. oShe si nksint ano nner isturggle He b.eomecsi nreasciglny aughctb etwen ehs ifienrdsiphw it hiJ amd nht ceommon scoil atandsads.
rCoparme ith othwers ,ucHk Fni’nsg odoenss isal aws unycnsoiousca n sdonpaneoust,a irsng iuto f toeh depese trecseses of ihs anure.t e Habse curae about tse helwarfeof ohetsr adnca not nebarto see nyaon eusfefr He s.ohw sympatsyh orft hen iectsof etPe rWikls nads vaes mnoey or fthm.e oS te hppooste chiaacterrem bdoie vanitys ha csmeoi nt tho estgea.H oweevr ,hmor ucolu do mnorebe foun di nTw in’as iteb works. rOn teh ontrary,ci wat srpelaec dy bitbertsat rei a,n vdantyii s n aebodimmnteof T wan’si satre.i
2.
.2 2Uqunetiosinn gAceptcacn oe Violfecen
Th eescnod obectjof atiresi tsh eegtenl ueper-placss ostuhrnee.rTh egetnee ulppre-cass southlreenr sdno’ tnuedrstad nhemsetves, eitlher. Tehylive daari tocrstaicl fie. nIth novele,Gr anerg ofdrsar evi oentl andhat efu lowatdr oter phoelpe. uOto f essneess plevrersoinof a c doe f “honor”o they, rea invovle id naf ue,don thate hs aeben goign n ofrog eernaiontswi h tte hhspherdes nos.It s cuae shsa been ofgrtteo. nEeryvS unda, tyehs heperd shosna n dhet Gargenford s go o tth esme church.a The shpeerdh sns sotio one nsied fothei rgu n sgaiasnt te walh.l An thdy elsten tiot hep earcher tlak aobu trbtoerhyllove When. hte sreom isn ovre ,htyepick up teihr ung san tdheyke e pna yee n oaec htheroa tshy weakl ou thetdo or os teh yiwl notl gtes ho it thn becak T.ehsa irt esim recilsse not,o lnybec ase uhtse eeppleo ae rivoeln,t ut bebcuas teehyac cpt theeri voilnceea sr git. Nh ooe nwant st orfoerm Hu.kc ekpesa sking Wh“?y” I tisj st ute way hlife is T.hs uinqeusiotinn gaccepance tfovio enclei shte rasone wyh Twan iconemdedns uohtrn soeceti.
Tyeh destuctrio and ntyranyno HuckfFi nns’f ahtrear othee rresoas fnor hises caing apnd edsiirn go tbefr e. Hucek inFn’s fahet ir s paartof t athsocie ytwi htH cu kFni’snw ishs. In ceonrtactt oM ss iWtasons’ ypohrcsyi ,hisf thae rperestns het brtulita anyds evriety o cfviiizatliontha thtretae not detroy Hsuc kiFn.n iH fstahe rbeilevs teht aomneyand educ aito arne al lht ethngs ifo htt tiae. muHckdid n’t acect pte vholenic erofmh i fastehr Huc.kFi nns f’reeom dsimodifi e bdy hetp ersncee f oihs afthers’ caiotsn. Liinvgi n te hoodsw ,hsi ftaerhbe atsh miq ite urefuqnetl andy soetimes mealev himsl ockedup in ht caebnif roa l on tgmei On.c ewhneh sifathe rrtuersnf orm twn,oh eis sod rnukth a te ahmosl killtsh im.H uckFin nis matu er neugo ho retcgoniezth eadgnrean dnoyl weh he bnecomes convinec dhttah isfat erh eprrsents eimemdiae thteatrto hi s ife loes he ddcied et esocpae .Thourghuoth isli f pealns toes acpeH ck Finu nis ore moncercednf or hi siflet hna naytinhg else nd ar
p
efes sriplm ytodisa ppae rnd beagni naewl if.
Heuk cinF’sn dsieerto eb rfe,eat it’ s eedpest leelv,s an dxepolers the opsisibily tfoa n ndiviiuadl chieviag nrtue feedromi socnity. Hee i scostannty folced tr ofee lform ciavlizie dscoieyt i onredr otp eserve hriss ens eofint ergtiy nadiden ttiy.It s on’lywh en e hs oi nht eirverin te hgroupw iht Jimt hat fleses ceuer adn atune.rHav ngiesca ed frpo thm feude, herem rka tsaht tehre isn hooem ikl reaf tna dtoerhp lcaess em to beecr apmd epua ndsm toheyrbut arafti . Ansd e fhelsefree ndaeasy adnco mortfalebvery umh ocna ra ft .tI i ssritingk that henevew, HrcukFi nn cmos eintoco nact with tteh eoplpe aolg tne rivehr ehi s fored ctoass mu ea afsl edeinityt .iH isnitalie caspsefr om hs iow crunel fahetrand t h eocsiey oft St P.eterrbrryufor ceshim t oefgi hns iwonde aht .Biran Donellnya greust at huck HinF’n srteu ifl ecuod lnoly b acheeied byvd iyg nin th eyese fothe pople enadb ysecpiag ndow tnh MissiseippisRi er.v hTs ii ste why atath Huk ccohest oht peobrle:mvi lenco.e
2
2.3 C.oawrd
T
eh voliecne n woich sohuhtenrc ltuuerrest ss a irepentc er illuoison to idsguie thesba ic cowsadlinessr o tfeh peolpean thdei refuraslto ct as inaivdiudasl.Twai fnlt iteeven mo erd eepl. yPoelp earev iloent in,T wian’sview, b eacsu eheyta e rowacrds .hingT asreall mix edu pi n souhtre nsoiety, cina n ysocite, ybsad oe vionlence I. is ta scoeity itwohtua eldare.T aiwn’ sattacko ntehsep eopelis bi tert
.
nI th emidle pdra oftthis nvel,o hte king nd ateh ukedwere esriuosl eyvli in;dee, dth leognwi lks eispdeo sin to ufny.nHa d lawaeryL ei Bevl, la repcrsou rofPudd ’ns ehad iWsoln n,toin teverend,th oetuoce wmoud lave hbee darkn i tne hemsaru oefsh reubn; ir snehrurn’b worlds therea re on god peopole tobe r iund. In eWikses’lworld, howevre th,eg oodp eopela e sr oopewless ra ste chwoardi Bnrekcsvilel .Tehhop lessel amb sfoer no hopfeo fbettreenm; thteyonly maesue rist bseanec.H uck ad Jni mhdal etfSt .P etrseurg wibhthi h hopes go ffreeod tham trea bdaly et sbca ka tcairo .hTeW likls piesode nds ie ntehut te redfat ofet ehse ohesp The.e sreesm t boeno aw tyo seacpet he ukd ead nhte ikgn ,ht reets ew have laerady isdcuses.dJi ’s mcapivtity i pasrlaelled y bHucks i’ ntralhlto om.T
I
t s oin ht eerv yvree ofgth ecllopsaeo fa l polsibisltiy o frfedeom htt Huakcpl aec shs higiehts bidfor i .tIn ede,dJ im ahsa lerda beyen rcapturees wenhH cukf idn hsismle fa tlsat amknigthe de icions Twai nah dntobeen albe otm ae at kaCroi :“Itwas a lcos elapc,e”he eralizes,“I w a as rteblinm, bgecaue I’dsg ot t deocdi, eorevef,rb tewxti wt thionsg a,dnI k ewn ti I. stdu ay imnue,tsor ot fhodilgnmy br ateh, adnth n seaysto mseylf’ :lAlr igth,then, I ll ’ogto ellh’” .Let u ssya he tobvouis:T awn hasic oshn theerout eo fsciol aengaemgne twhn ei’ts ot loae in tth stoeyr ot taeki . Htuckh a dsceiedd hen hw ie swllini gtogo t o elh,l but he hardte rdecisinow aswhet ehr ot
got oOhio . Al iln la, luHkc s intoa cword, atohsep eplo ehwowan tt ousev oienlc eot taatc ktohesrc na ebc alle codarwd. uDrng tihaty eras ,th weole Ahmrecains cioety pueavhlea dsrtogny, and tlhsinov l deepel yedpctei dthee perxenic eof hti skin dfoperson, un de Marr Tkainws w’riitgn c,owrd ai ss ovivd io tmboeydth eeaftruse f ohatt gea.
We
cn paa ymoreatt entin on soehbrru, n amerhancta dna mi iltry maa, a dnuble opilar lfos ciety—boutin saocetyitha t oedsnot deersev otb esupoptrde On.t ehcon tarr,y ti emrts ibeni grbught ocrshing adwon f,ro lal th reasoes Huck hans ebe nxeosing thproguh th incieendt ofs hsij uonrye. hTis is nto defoamralebs cioey;to e canno nly cusr eit ad leanv. Sheeburnr ucrseit an d satsy, nd aTwian ifnds hmsilefa prpovnigt he ucrisngan dn t knowiog nhat wo thtin kfo th etsyinga D.oe se hsee osmthengi of hi owsn isuattoi in nShreurbnf ruiuosis lotioan aonm gdioits ad nkavne?sS ehburn,rm reoveo,ris no teremylan ihanbitatn fo oscetiy;as s toerekpere nda ilmiatrym na, h ise perusmngia lbyo e noftho eswh soahpe it. nIHuc , Tkawn iepidcs to nth ecntroary oseomne who as noh owepr t ala. lomHeesl and so monne soon becyam aen rophna.The raelque stonsi wree not wetherhhe wil lleae sovceitybu t whehtre h eiwllent r iet na tod hwt eand? rFo mhs oint logical oisdatnec Huc, kookls a tthew orl dfome nwi t hnatrua dletahmect.nAt hi s omt scrtiiacl h efees “lshaamd oe the hfumanra e”. cnItsae,d herbusn setr sbouat hamsignth e dmneda uhmnarac ,e ahitg nistin ecsapbla peersnece.T he muderro f Boggs ,hw ios th eowles rterepesnatitno ofh manity uni hesrbruns eyes’,e pxrsees thst haatedr :e helts Bogglsto ebg one,but Bgogs says atdnshe brru nca’t nstan hdi spersnee anochetrm oemtn .hatWsh erubrnca nnot d isohimse lf elvae, o ass tob ,e ikel Hck,upe cefallu yandeve ncomp asionatesylas hamde of the hmaun rca—aweayf ormi .t
2
2.. S4lae
vAf
terr eadng tihis oven,lthi sbokohas be e nrobughtto ym atettnion y ab sruprsiign asorstmne tf oeoplp:e lbakc sad whites. Atnt htat mei ,blacs pklaye a dolero f lsvea The.co mom elementn ni thsi ncoenteurh as nt oeenbth eki d of npeple makiogn sttaeenmts, or nsarhedop iinos no proiltcal piesrectpivs,enor even heitr asessmsens otft e ahtircl. Reater, hthy heave beneunite by a dirvtally uniuofm rstructru ie nheit rnarrtavei, ssuggeting an osd sodt ofrsu b-engr.eSome itmest ehs epesonsr rpert theoir owne xpreenci oefre dani the egssy,aa nd smoetmise het ydserice tbh eepexirene cofone fo teir shudentts.Th e reade lrkis thee sesa but yefes tlourbedlab ot this, unto knwoingw etheh rthe uthao isrbl akc. neUucadtdebl ca slkav enmeadJi , tmeh ookb elates rhte story o fth eescaepof Jmi rom slfvear yand ,mreoi pmrtano, hto wuckHF nni, loatfni agonlg withh m aidn helpngi im hsab seta she culo,d hcnagsehis mndi,his rpjeuidceabo t ulacb keppoe, andlc moe so taccpe Jti ms aa mana d an a scose lfiern asdwell. M aenhiwle ,imJ s vire yknihedraetd .Allof Huck’s vitres ucomef omrhis go
od ehra tad hnsi sese onfhu manit,y fr mosot fo he thtngis e hwsa taguthturn ed ot tuo b wernog; for xaepmle ,h wase atguh thta tlsveray wsagood ndar giht ,nd atah rutnaayw savesls holdu b repoetedr so w,htaHuck ha sg t oo to id ts outct hruog shoial crpjuedceis andso ical iscrimindatoni tosf id nrtuht froh mself. iucHks trta by beliesinv ghtt blacksa ar eybn tuaer ower lthan hiwetsi-fneirr animals oo softr is fnac.t hrTouhg heitr ecspea odw tnehr ier, ve hetsgt okno wJi m ebter tad becnomsemo e rad monr eocnivcndeth a th es nit onlo y mana but ,alosa g odoman. Tus hh eneds p bu yacceptngihi nmto emrle ays a umah nbine bug tals os aa oyal frielnd
2.3.A C moinabiontof Coll quoali aLnguaeg nd aatiSr
e
T osu up,m fudnmantealy, lTwian i sag rae Amteicarn riwetr.The A dvetnrueso fHckueblreryF innis an outtansdnig ovnle; noe f theom os tsccuesful wrisint styges ilsa ocbmniaitnoof clolquialo alngauegand sairt.e nI fct,a mst oof wTan’s iwrok aser htec mbinoatoin fobo thc loloqiaulla guanegan sdtarei,but hTe Avdntures ef oHuklecebry Frnni wasa ca sein p onti.O nhte ohtr haend i,tis hi msaterpsiec ae s ahmourit whiles ht noeel vasl ocn bae yed easa sairt on esetinentalmty andiR maonicism to nht eohet.rWe hav eeve r seen collquiao lanluggeaand s atire nis om eorksw b,utn oo e’n wrsitig ni sso parppoiaterlike T awnis’. I tdsilaps yAermiacn clutureout of theor dnairyan d ht aetitudtetowar thdeent reis coitey .n Ihist boo,kth eaut ho usert he frsit charcter to anarate, remanwhileco loluqilala nuage gas he mtan wiiring tanguage hla cosmein ott hesta g,ein o rdret oavehthe effect o vivin wrdtiin,g atire ssi com eot.u nIthis si uatitn, Theo Avdntures of Hucelebekry Frnindi splysa he tmjoar acihvemeentsof ihsart :rwtiing n ia rchiand in ticrteast ly ehtt sapuopretdh s iintnse screuinty fo ompcex hlmun exaepiernc.
e
Ⅲ. T
h Siengfiiance cfoMark Twai n’sW rting Stiyesl
Clolouqal ilaguagnea dnsatire a e rs ompiotanr in this ntove.lTh i siage mf thoequ intessentaliAme rcainw rtingi i nst roealyllite rar yogsealo gn wth aivi son ioft he gert Aamrecainn ovelb ut saa ostro spofnatenou tesllni of unmedigtad eexepiernec .Int hesa emp asasgeHemi gnway xpelansi hat th haes even reeb anbelto r eda Threou for aeibngun blea o read tiltrear yaturnlista, snly ohtse ohowar eextr emle yaccrateu T.erhear n’e nothtni mgore o trwteia obt,uan I amdrot entglad ofit, emrakrsH ck uat th ene df hos sitoy. rheT eart oh Tfwai’s ncahevemeitn s ihi scrateoinof uckH Fni, nho emwodiesb htt aythimc mAeria, micwadyb tween teh wilederens asnd he todmrn esuerp tstea. Tht aasw hyw EnesrtHe mignwy onceasa id“a ll odmrenA mricaen iletaturrs eacemfr o ome nboo kwittrneb Myak Twarni allecd he ATdvetuner of Hsuklcbeerr yFnn.i” An itdb ecae mwTia’n masstrepeiec.
I
n sohrt n,ietehre lnihgetnemtnnor errotspceito neelavtest eh tyse olrt h peiholspho oy HucklfbeerryF nins’na ratro rinot het ihghcultur e tahtha splaced th eowr itskelf t its pain
nalc.
Ⅴe. Cocnlusin
oA ose no Amfrica’e fsrits nd aofrmoest raelits asd hnmuoirtss Ma,r Tkwianu saull ywrot aeobtu his wnope ronsa exleprincees an thindsg h enke awoub frotm firthsnd axpeerienec. heT Avedturns oef ucHklebrre Fyin isn Twan’i sbstebo kob caesue,f ro whateervre aonss, e bhoughr togetteh rn iti wi,h thte ighhest edreg ef ortaistc iabanlc, teohs moet sfudnaenmat dullitiae rsunnng tihruog hishw ro ank dlfeifr m otastr to fiins.h ost Mfo al it haslt od o wthi he sttrutucr efoth senetece, nhicwh sisimple, d ircte a,n dfulnt,em aniatningi he rhytthmof t heword’ group os sfepch enad ht eintnoaitnsoof th sepaeingkvoic e .arMkTw an’i solcloquilast lye ahsi flneucne adlar g enmuberof A ermcianw itrrse.T wain epidtec modstl thy leoewrcla ssof scoite.y eaMwnhile,lo calco lo mrxiedr manoticp ols twih retalsiticdes ciptiors onft ihngs wihh cwer reeadli yobesrve,d .ei.w itht hec sutos,m daiects, lsigths ,selml and ousnd osfr eiognal Amrecia. waTnisho sws aite rnos uotern culhture bferoe te cihvi walr, wen thehMis issipsip alvly wea stsillb engi stelet.dTw ain blndeed twod iffeent surjbcet,st e ehperxeinc oef weswtar depaxsino nand thee pxrienceeo fosuhertns lvera. yis conHrtiutbon tioth e evedolpmento fr alism aendto mAriean clitreturaeas awolh ews partly tarhuoh hgs cilooqlialisu mands atier. Cmmeonitgnon M akrT ain wsaa soiacl ritcc,i hPilipF noe rbseroes thav Twtian’s oscalicrit cisi rmansk itw hhattof M lito, Swinf, Detfo,ea dnBe nardrSh a bwoth nili trerya uqaltyia ndin lfuecneo publin copnioin a,n tdhati tis a nimorpant pattro Tfwia’ns bquest. Ie nhts nivel, oneoof t e most hscucseful wsriitn gtysls es aic mobniaionto colloquial lfagungea and sairte ,tidisp lys ahte maor achjiveemenstof h s arti w:rting in i aircha d nintriact setly ehat tsuporped tihsin tnse ecsruint yofcom lpex humn exaeriencep. tI i snoly riht tgah MatrkT awi nhosuldbe reembmere bodt as h garae tiletaryra tistr ad na gerat ocsai critlic n ithehi stroyo ft e Unhite Sdattse.
iblBioraphg
y
1] Bay[：m ina Nhe TNoron Attnholgoyo AfmreicanLiteratu e, rW. W .orNot n&Com any, pnc,I 198
9[
] 2Frreot G. Rsboison：nhTeCa mbirgd eCo panmion To ark TwMai，SnahnhgaiFo erign Lagnaug edEuctian oPesrs
[3] R
ubnstiine Ann,ette Am.recani iLertauterR oot ndaF owlr.e oFeigrhLa gungaeTe acihg ann deReasrch rePs, s1908
4] [W Weurine：iHtsryo adnA nhotoglyo fA emirancLi terturae Vlo.22,06
0
[5 张奎武：《英]概美（况三版，第）》，下吉林学技术出科社，200版
06[] 耀信：常《国美文简学史, 天》津南:大开学版社出2,00
[4]7王 变琴：马克《吐温短篇说的讽小艺刺术， 2》050年7第期
3[8] 徐
江：《清从语言层面看哈历险克记的术艺特》，湖南科技色院学学报20，0第年6期