如何写好情景作文
写好情景写作
一. 教学内容:
书面表达讲解与训练:如何写好情景写作
写作体裁训练1)通知 2)论说文
如何写通知:
通知写作要素
1. 口头通知(Announcement )内容要包括时间、地点、事项、参加者。口头通知不必说明通知时间和组织者。语言要求灵活、简要、口语化。
2. 书面通知(Notice) 除内容要包括时间、地点、事项、参加者外, 还要有组织者。通知的日期写在左下角。语言要求简练、用词贴切、书面化。
3. 通知要求开门见山、简明扼要、叙述清楚。
范文1.
A Notice
Students of Senior I will visit the Beijing Zoo on Saturday, April 15. The Beijing Zoo has a history of more than one hundred years. It is one of the biggest zoos in the world. There we can see all kinds of animals, such as pandas, elephants, lions, tigers and so on. In the morning we will be free to visit the different areas of the zoo and then have lunch on the small island; in the afternoon the zoo-keeper will give us a talk on how to protect wild animals. Please take your lunch and drinks with you. Wear strong shoes because we shall do a lot of walking. We’ll meet at the school gate at 7:00 on Saturday morning . The buses will start at 7:10 on time. Please don’t be late.
范文2.
Attention, please! I’ve something important to tell you. The English Corner is to take
place on Saturday afternoon on the playground. It will start at four o’clock. You can talk freely with one another about your life and studies at school. You’re encouraged to speak as much English as possible.
Tom, An American student study ing at Nanjing University, will join us. He’s promised to tell us something about school education in the USA. I’m sure you’ll show interest in his talk.
The English Corner has proved to be of great benefit to us in our English learning. Everyone will be welcome. Please come on time. That’s all. Thank you.
常用通知用语
1. Attention, please!
May I have your attention, please?
2. I have an announcement to make.
I’ve something important to tell you.
3. There is going to be a talk on history this afternoon.
4. The meeting will be held in the auditorium at 2:00pm.this afternoon.
5. The lecture will last about three hours.
6. Everyone will be welcome .
7. You are required to take notes during the lecture....
8. Please be there on time.
Be sure to attend on time.
Please be present on time.
9. The party will be held at 2:30 p.m. on Wednesday, October 10,2004.
10. The meeting will be held in Room 202,on the second floor of Main Building.
11. give a talk(a lecture, a concert)
12. hold a meeting (a class, a celebration)
13. attend a meeting(a sports meet, a lecture, a class)
14. have a class(a meeting, a lecture, a discussion)
15. make a trip / speak about /set up a...club/ set out(for)/ leave for/ arrive at/ show sb. around/ visit a place/ meet at the gate of.../go to a concert(a movie, the theatre, the cinema)/ form a group/ run a class/ join sb. in.../ take part in.../ talk about...
16. Please sign your name/ fill in a...form(at the Service Room)
17. Don’t forget to bring your gifts with you.
18. Come to the great fun!
19. The meeting will be put off until next week.
高考书面表达(1994)
提示:你校学生将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会,要在学校广播中宣布此事,并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友听懂,请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下:
宗旨:欢迎来访的美国朋友.
组织者:学生会
时间:8月15日(星期六) 晚7:30
地点:主楼屋顶花园
活动内容:音乐, 跳舞, 唱歌, 游戏, 交换礼品。(请包装好, 签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词)
注意:(1)广播稿约为100词。(2)应包括以上要点, 但不要逐字翻译,要组织成一篇通顺连贯的短文。(3)开头语已为你写好。
生词:交换礼品---to exchange gifts 学生会--- the Students Union
Possible version:
May I have your attention, Please? I have an announcement to make. The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 p.m.. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchanges of gifts.
Everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. There’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.
高考书面表达(2000,春)
为了丰富外国学生的生活,你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知,有关内容如下:
时间:5月第一周
活动:1 演唱歌曲:流行歌曲。 2 器乐演奏:古典和民间音乐。 3 音乐比赛: 听歌曲片段,然后猜出处。
地点:届时通知。参加者请于4月20 日前报名。
注意:
1. 书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文。
2. 可以适当增减细节。
3. 词数 100左右。
4. 通知格式已写好。
5. 生词:古典---classical 民间---folk 乐器---musical instruments
比赛---contest
Possible version:
Dear students,
The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If you’d like to take part in the music week, please come
and sign up for it before April 20th . The place for the activities will be announced later. Come to the great fun!
Students Union
如何写说明文
说明文(通常它是对事物提供知识,解释与分析,表明观点的文章)这种文体已成为近年来高考书面表达常见的一种写作形式。
它要求根据文字,图画,图表,数据提供的信息进行描述,分析,议论。做到言之有理,言之有据。通过语言的表达及必要的修辞手段将信息进行传达。
常见形式
1. 首先要有一个明确的中心思想,然后对这个中心思想加以具体的解释与说明。
2. 常用的方法有:1)例举 2)比较或对比 3)分析 4)说明 5)描述
3. 常见写作顺序:1)提出问题(通常是主题句)2)分析问题(围绕主题进行分析,可以举例,比较对比,提出理由) 3)评论、措施建议或结论。
4. 要求主题清楚,条理分明,语言简练,逻辑性强。
篇章结构
主题句——引出全文的话题
支持句——围绕话题展开讨论,用事实,理由,观点等来进行解释,说明或论证。
结束句——对话题进行概括,总结归纳。
下面我们来学习两种常用的表达法
1. 例举法
通常用事例来说明主题
常使用的衔接词
(1)可用表示顺序的示意词来突出每个实例。如:
first, second, third,
first, secondly, finally,
the first thing (point) is…, the second thing (point) is…, the third thing(point) is…, first of all, also, finally,
one, another, the last…
(2)以事物的重要性来排列顺序,可使文章层次清楚,重点突出。 如: for one thing, also, the worst thing is…,
first of all, apart from that, the most important is…,
for one thing, what is more, the most…,
one important, more important, the most important…,
one problem.., another problem…, the most serious problem…,
常用的词或词组还有:
对称关系:for one thing...,for another(thing)...;
on the one hand, ... on the other hand...;
one..., the other...;
比较关系:between...and...; different from, the difference between,
in contrast, compared with/to
总结:in a word, in short, on the whole, in conclusion, generally speaking
例文1
First, I ask myself if I really need it. Secondly , I examine the quality of it. If it is poorly made, I won’t buy it. Thirdly, I look at the price. I won’t buy anything that is too expensive.
例文 2 For one thing, they have worked for the society for their whole lives. What is more, they have rich life experience, and they can give us good advice. The most important reason is that if we do not respect old people now, we ourselves will not be respected when we are old.
2. 比较对比法
比较通常是指对人或事物之间的相同点进行分析。
对比通常是侧重分析两者之间的不同点,利与弊。
写作方法通常有:
1)A,A,A, B,B,B, 结构(如内容简单,可将两者分开描述)
2)A,B, A,B, A,B, 结构 (如内容较多,可逐点分析。)
例文1
Jane and Karen have many things in common. To begin with, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the west, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school. Jane likes French, history, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history, and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to become an elementary school teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins.
例文2
Vilma likes travelling by bus better than travelling by airplane for four reasons. First, it costs less. She can ride by bus from New York to Chicago for $20 Yet, the air fare between the two cities is $78. Second , travelling by bus gives her a closer look at the cities and countryside than she could get from a plane. For example ,she enjoys driving through the big cities of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Fort Wayne. Third, Vilma
finds that the passengers on the bus are often closer to her own age. So , they are easy to talk with on the shared travel adventure. In contrast, many airline passengers are businessmen who keep busy with their work while flying. Fourth , riding a bus allows Vilma to explore any stop along the way. On the other hand, once she got off the bus at a small town in Indiana and spent the night with a girl friend. So, the next day she took another bus to Chicago. For these reasons, Vilma usually prefers buses instead of planes unless she has to get somewhere in a hurry.
2001年高考书面表达分析
假设你是李华,你的澳大利亚朋友Dick 听说中国的中小学生在减轻学生负担,来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息,写一封回信,谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。(词数100左右:开头已经为你写好)
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again.___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
首先,认真审题,确定体裁及篇章结构或提纲。这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章,对比减负前后学生的学习和生活。虽然开头已给出,我们仍须再写我们文章的开头从而把所给的信的开头和文章连在一起。这个句子同时还要点题。所以我们可以用这句话:In your letter you asked me something about what’s going on at schools.信的主体要写变化,最后是写信人的感受和希望。
第二步,再读细节,确定人称、时态、主要情节、句式等。尤其要考虑动词:搭配(动词与名词的搭配、动词与介词的搭配) ,相关同义词或词组。
本文应以第一人称;描述过去的学习生活需用过去的时态,描述现在的学习生活需用现在的时态;句式可用表对比的副词或连词,如:…while …, Compared with…, In contrast to this, etc; 可以用的动词短语:used to do, have no choice but to do something, could do nothing but have classes and finish homework; couldn’t go to bed until …, pay a visit to, besides, we couldn’t be happier.
第三步,成文。
Possible answer I:
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I used to have to work even at weekends, doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can study drawing , pay a visit to museums, and take computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read books and newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. I think everyone is happy about these changes.
最后,润色全文,注意措辞及复杂句式。
Possible answer II:
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. In your letter you asked me something about what’s going on at schools. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. Take me for example. I used to have to work even at weekends, doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Although I didn’t like it, I had no choice. Now, however, I have more time to spare. Not only I can watch news on TV or read newspapers, but I can also go to bed earlier. While in the past I had to stay up late sometimes until 11:30. As far as I know, everyone is pleased with this new arrangement of things. I hope all will be better and better.
Looking forward to your letter. Best wishes.
Li Hua
2002高考书面表达
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of the entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly, Li Hua
2003 海淀一模
As can be seen from the chart, great changes have been taking place in the ownership of mobile phone in China. By the end of this year, there will have been 20 million mobile users. By the year 2005, the number will reach up to 30 million.
People have found mobile phone very convenient. They can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like. There are many different functions for different needs, such as SMS, keeping phone record, etc. But it may also bring us some trouble. For example, you will have to pay for a wrong call. And the radiation may do harm to our health. In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phone is still increasing steadily.
课堂练习与点评:
一个在中国考察的外国教育团要了解中国高三学生选择志愿的态度。请你根据了解的信息,写一篇简要介绍。字数不少于60。
参考答案:
Chinese students of Senior Three have different opinions on how to choose their courses and colleges.
About 35% of the students insist that the choice should be based on their own interest. They think that interest is the way leading to success. It is a miserable thing to be obliged to study what they have no interest in.
On the contrary, about 45% students, however, consider it is the need of society that matters a lot, for they believe it will help find the job they like best. In addition, interest
can be developed and changed.
Interestingly, there are 20% of the students who find it so difficult to make a choice that they prefer to follow the advice offered by their parents or teachers.
学生习作:
We Senior 3 students’ opinions about what subject we are likely to major in are different.
35% of us consider whatever we select should depend on our own interest, because interest can lead to success. If choosing the subject we are not fond of, we will not concentrate ourselves on it, which is a way of wasting time. On the other hand, 45% of the students hold their view that the choice ought to meet the demands of the society, because it will be easy to find jobs in future. And interest can developed gradually. The rest find it difficult for them to make a decision. They are likely to follow the advice given by teachers or parents.
Up to now we haven’t reached an agreement.
注意使用正确的表达方式:切忌中文式的直译
应以个人兴趣为主:
What we major in should depend on what take interest in.
We should choose the subject depending on our interest.
兴趣是成功之母
Interest is the mother of success.
We can study harder and achieve more success if we like it.
学不喜欢的专业很痛苦
It’s difficult for us to learn what we don’t like at all.
It is unhappy experience to learn something boring.
应以社会需要为主
We should choose our major subject according to the demands of the society.
Choosing a useful subject is the most important, and we should think of the future life.
将来容易找工作
It’s easy for them to hunt for jobs after graduating.
We can find a job more easily after graduating from the universities.
兴趣可以培养和改变
After all we can change and develop our interest.
Interest can be developed and changed.
如何选择是一个难题
It is really a difficult choice to make.
20% of the students haven’t decided what subject they should choose.
听从父母或老师的建议
We should think carefully and take our parents or teachers’ advice.
【模拟试题】
(一)
根据China Daily中的一则消息,学校将组织学生参观艺术博物馆。英语教师要求你用英语写一份通知,向大家报告这件事。
内容包括:
1. 参观中国国家艺术博物馆(China National Art Museum);
2. 展品内容有82位欧、美艺术家收藏的艺术品;包括中国古代艺术品。共117件。
3. 这些藏品是由已故Peter Ludwig先生捐赠的(denote ); 他认为这些收藏品是对世界人民有用的东西;(regard…as)
4. 参观地址: 东城区五四大街1 号;
5. 集合时间地点:3月5日8:30a.m; 博物馆门前。
注意:不要逐条逐字翻译。100字左右。
(二)
随着中国经济的发展及加入世贸组织, 轿车将越来越多地进入普通家庭。一方面,刺激了经济的发展,方便了人们的生活;另一方面,造成了严重的环境污染。请就此问题写一篇文章,词数120左右。
(三)
一位中学生在自己班级就校服问题进行了调查(survey ),下面是对部分学生调查的统计表。请参照该表写一篇题目为“Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform ”的报告。
请参照:
注意:
1. 报告须包括调查表中的主要内容;可以适当增加细节,使内容连贯。
2. 词数100左右。
生词:赶时髦 follow the fashion
酷(时髦)fashionable
【试题答案】
(一)
An Announcement
Attention please,
World-famous art collector Peter Ludwig denoted 117 pieces of European modern art he owned to China National Art Museum. Unfortunately he passed away last year. His collection ranged from European art works to Native American and ancient Chinese art works. He regarded his collection as something he could use to help the people of the world.
This exhibition will display 117 master-pieces by 82 European and American artists. We’ll gather at the gate of the China National Art Museum.
Date: 8:30 a.m, March 15th .
Location: China National Art Museum, No.1 Wusi Dajie, Dongcheng District, Beijing.
(二)
With the development of economy and China's WTO entry, more and more families have cars of their own.
As we all know, cars are a very fast kind of transport. With the help of a car, we'll be able to get to any place we want easily and quickly. Life will be much more convenient. Besides, it'll play an important role in stimulating the economy of the whole nation. Nevertheless, the pollution that cars bring us should not be ignored. The waste air of cars is a real danger to the environment. A large number of poisonous substances given off from the car do great harm to our health. So, cars bring us both advantages and disadvantages. I do hope people can own a private car, but pay more attention to our environment as well.
(三)
Report on the Survey about Our School Uniform
I did a survey about our school uniform. I asked some of my classmates what they thought about our uniforms.
The majority like it. 55% of them say it is very fashionable and the color is nice. They think it is neat and tidy and suits the students. In some students’ opinion, when we wear our school uniforms, we feel equal and no need to follow the fashion.
Others don’t like the school uniform. Some of them fell it is uncomfortable and the color is too dull. Some consider it old fashioned. In the eyes of others, its style is very simple. The rest of them have no ideas about it.
学生习作:
After making a survey among my classmates, I found that all the students could be divided into three groups, depending on their different attitudes towards our school uniform. More than half of them like the uniform. For one thing, it looks fashionable and the colors are nice. Also, it is neat and clean, which is suitable for a student. “It shows equality. We don’t need to follow the fashion.” They argued.
However, on the other hand, about one third of them dislike it. They find the uniform neither comfortable nor beautiful. Besides, the style is not only out of fashion, but also simple and dull.
Still, about 10 percent of them have no ideas.