美英报刊阅读教程(高级本)(精选版_)教学参考资料新

Lesson 4

VI .

1. They found those Korean-Americans isolated and helpless, and recognized the attacks as a threat to Asians as a whole. For many Asian-Americans, the riots represented as an assault on their faith in America.

2. The total population of Asian-Americans is about 7.3 million. Nearly 2.5 million arrived during the 1980s. The fastest increasing groups are Koreans and Vietnamese. About half of Asian immigrants settle on the Pacific coast while hundreds of thousands move on to New York and dozens of cities in between.

3. They were brought to the United States in the 1860s to work on continental railroads as coolies. They were ill-treated and vilified as a “population befouled with all the social vices”. In 1887, there occurred the Snake River Massacre in Oregon, in which 31 Chinese were robbed and murdered.

4. Asian families earn an average of $35,900 per year, more than the average for white families. However, as the Asian family is larger, their per capita income is actually less than that of white people.

5. They are called the “model minority” because of their superiority to other races in habits of study and work. They are said to embody the American Dream of hard work, thrift and success. Asians, however, rebel against the model-minority label as another insidious stereotype. They think that it is a subtly racist excuse not to help underprivileged Asians and to hold back even average Asians on the ground that they already have “natural” advantages.

6. Because they believe that Asian-Americans have accepted the white mainstream culture and white people love them for everything the blacks are not.

7. They are making great efforts to preserve and acquire the Asian culture by improving their original language proficiency, attacking the model minority image and Asians who forget their original culture.

8. The main obstacles are skin color and lack of English proficiency.

9. The Indo-Chinese group is most noted for street gang activities. The main cause is unemployment.

10. The ties within each small Asian group are close and family connections are strong. A key link in the system is rotating credit association. However, many Asians lack a larger sense of unity and bring ancient rivalries from native countries. Most Asian support groups are based on nationality or even smaller units.

Outline

I. Impact of the Los Angeles riots

(1—2)

1. Korean sufferings and helpless state

2. Assault on Asian-Americans’ faith in America

II. Racial bias against Asian-Americans

(3—7)

1. Asian immigrants’ uglified image in the past

2. Present model-minority label and its harmful effects

3. Resentment against Asians for their success and behavior

4. Asians’ isolation from the rest of the society

5. Boycotts and assaults on Asian businesses

III. American culture’s influence

(8—12)

1. Fast increase of Asian immigrants wishing to realize the American Dream

2. Second generation’s tendency to abandon Asian values

3. Identity crisis resulting from two cultures’ pull

4. Young people’s efforts to preserve the original culture

5. The least assimilated group: Chinatown residents

IV. Discrimination against Asians

(13—17)

1. Hurdles for assimilation

2. Glass ceiling

3. Unemployment

V . Similarities and differences between Asians and Blacks

(18—21)

1. Similar sufferings

2. Similar spiritualities

3. Asian-Americans’ less difficulty in shrugging off the legacy of discrimination

4. First-generation Asian immigrants’ incredibly hardworking and thrifty character

VI. Asians’ ties and political status

(22—24)

1. Close community ties

2. Lack of a larger sense of unity

3. Underrepresentation at all government levels

VII. Author’s view concerning the development of Asians’ sentiment

(25) Unlikely to become a wider political movement

Lesson 6

Answers to the Questions

V . 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D

VI.

1. Because they regard First Amendment freedom as essential American rights and will not allow any restriction on it.

2. Because it holds the view that the reform will place restriction on individual rights and therefore should be fiercely resisted.

3. Because the situation is not the same as before. In the 1950s, McCarthy and his inquisitors trampled the free expression of left-wing view; and so for the next two decades or so it was essential to defend the principle of free speech at every opportunity. Now the free speech is not in jeopardy, it should not be rigidly defended.

4. Mr. Neuborne holds that in modern political campaign rich candidates flood voters with commercials and propaganda of every kind, so that others have no chance of attracting attention. Poor candidates may enjoy the right to speak, but not the hope that everyone will hear what they

have to say. To give them a hearing, he suggests that the speech of rich candidates be limited.

5. The authors mean that the situation now is different from that of the 1960s. Americans should not abide by the same principle in spite of the change of time. In the 1960s heyday, the ACLU was absolutely correct in upholding citizens’ rights against the police and other authorities. This was because they did not reflect the interests of America’s black minority. However, all that has now changed: many policemen, and police chiefs, are black, as are many mayors. If these leaders, reflecting the wishes of their constituencies, choose to adopt tough measures to fight crime, the ACLU should not presume to second-guess them. It’s time to adopt a different attitude.

6. The ACLU’s rigid defence of rights ends up favoring the strong more than the weak.

7. He thinks that America’s free speech has a price. Though America has been one of the freest countries in the world, it is one of those in which the gap between the rich and poor is the starkest.

Outline

I. The burial of the campaign finance reform and its implications

(1)

II. Two sides’ views on the reform

(2)

1. Opponents’ view

2. Majority’s view

III. American public’s qualified support for free speech

(3—5)

1. Firm belief in the first amendment

2. Strong support for the campaign finance reform

3. Deep split within the ACLU over the campaign finance

IV . Criticism of the ACLU’s rigid defence of rights

(6—11)

1. Burt Neuborne’s view on the ACLU’s line on campaign spending

2. Tracey Meares and Dan Kahan’s criticism of the ACLU ’s other issues

V. Author’s comment

(12) Liberty has a price.

Lesson 7

Answers to the Questions

V . 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. B

VI .

1. It indicates that Microsoft corp. has tight control over the software business.

2. The present honeymoon will not last long. The industry does not speak with one voice. At the same time, their success has greatly damaged the interests of other industries. So there will be troubles ahead. Besides this, there’s also potential for a huge culture clash. A lot of Silicon Valley types don’t realize the importance of politics and have disdain for government.

3. President Clinton promised to keep the Internet tax-free for now and Hewlett Packard Co. won approval to export sophisticated cryptography chips. The 1986 semiconductor trade agreement was signed to stop the dumping of Japanese chips in the US and set market-share goals for US chips in Japan.

4. The industry believes that government should do what it needs to do but leave them alone. The software tycoons have little patience for bureaucratic oversight and tend to be uncompromising. The hardware tycoons are willing to look for compromise.

5. They are: easing immigration restriction; securities-litigation reform and ending export limit of encryption technology.

6. The Internet and electronic commerce have been rearranging the business landscape—changing how Americans buy everything. They are spreading into all sorts of digital services, from entertainment to online banking to telephony.

7. Because high-tech leaders have realized that the industry’s future is less about technology and more about policy.

Outline

I. Close contact between high tech industry and Washington politicians

(1—2)

1. Specific example: Bill Gates and Scott G. McNealy’s attendance at the March 3 hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee

2. Increasing contact between high tech industry and Washington policy makers

II. Reasons for the close relationship

(3—6)

1. High tech industry’s fast expansion and the appearance of more issues

2. Politicians’ strong interest in the job growth industry

3. Increasing conflicts between high tech industry and other industries

4. High tech industry’s urgent need for solution to many problems

III. Relationship between high tech industry and government

(7—11)

1. Good relationship at present

2. Difficulties in maintaining the honeymoon

3. Need for high tech new executives to learn lobbying

IV. Efforts made by high tech companies at lobbying

(12—14)

1. Computer companies’ fight for a high-definition TV format

2. The establishment of Washington offices

3. Crusade to fight alleged Japanese dumping of computer chips

V. Problems with the high tech industry

(15—16)

1. Lack of unity

2. Little patience for bureaucratic oversight

VI. Objectives of the high tech executives

(17—18)

1. Easing immigration restriction and securities litigation reform

2. Ending limit on the export encryption technology

VII. Prospects

(19) High tech executives will quickly learn how to play the Washington political game

Lesson 12

Answers to the Questions

V . 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B

VI .

1. The market situation of the sales in the United States is much better than ever before. Many bookstores report increases of over 30%.

2. America ’s bookstores offer a rich diversity of Bibles to suit people ’s different needs and comprehension levels. The 270 stores in the Family Christian Stores chain might carry 200 different titles. Customers now have more choices in format, bindings, boxing and pricing. All new Bibles claim improved scholarship, better readability and more relevance.

3. The advance of technology has made it possible to publish more quickly and less expensively. Therefore, it has helped to speeden new Bible production and shorten the shelf life of Bibles.

4. In order to meet readers’ different needs, publishers produce specialty Bibles and Bibles with notes and comments.

5. The initialism NIV stands for the New International Version.

6. The notes and comments in the new Bible would produce the adverse effects of leading the reader off the right page theologically and remaking God in the writer’s own image.

Outline

I. Fast increase of Bible sales

(1—5)

II. Rich diversity of Bible versions and variations

(6—17)

1. More choices in bindings, boxings and pricing

2. Different kinds of Bibles serving different purposes

3. Different Bibles claiming improved scholarship and readability

4. An explosion of format choices

III. Reasons for the rich diversity

(18—25)

1. Advance of technology

2. Bible companies’ desire for their market shares

3. Customers’ wish for specialty versions suiting their specific needs

IV. Possible adverse effects of the notes and comments

(26—35)

1. Leading the reader off the right page theologically

2. Remarking God in one’s own image

Lesson 15

Answers to the Questions

V . 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A

VI .

1. Americans transfer less money among themselves for such things as social security and welfare.

2. It is the measure of “fiscal drag”—the burden taxes place upon an economy.

3. It refers to funds that go from one citizen’s pocket to another’s with the government as intermediary.

4. High-tax, high-transfer countries tend to be culturally cohesive. America is a melting pot. It is a more diverse society. People are reluctant to contribute to the public spending.

5. Lower taxes. More services and more spending.

6. They would shoulder higher taxes if they could be sure that doing so would make life better for themselves, their children and their children’s children. A great majority would pay more if they could be guaranteed the money would go to education or health insurance or even housing for the homeless. They are willing to pay for the direct and visible services.

Outline

I . American’s tax load compared with people of other countries

(1—3)

1. Lighter load according to OECD’s finding

2. More complaints about taxes according to opinion polls

3. Author’s view on OECD’s finding

II. Similarities and differences between America and other countries in taxes

(4—9)

1. Similarity

a. Allocation of similar proportion of GDP to government

b. Effect of the allocation on economy: fiscal drag

c. US tax payers’ strong sense of fiscal drag

2. Difference: US less transfer payments

a. America’s capability to increase transfer payments

b. Reasons for US less transfer payments

US less cultural cohesion caused by the society’s diversity;

Government ’s less spending for infrastructure

III . Public’s sentiment over taxes

(10—12)

1. Willingness to pay more for worthwhile causes such as education and pollution control

2. Hatred for bureaucrats’ waste of taxpayers’ money

3. Tendency to want it both ways: lower taxes, but more services

Result: huge federal deficit

Lesson 17

Answers to the Questions

V . 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D

VI .

1. Alcohol poisoning caused Wynne ’s death. The autopsy of Wynne found that he had a blood alcohol level six times the amount at which the state considers a person intoxicated.

2. Excessive drinking among college students has been blamed for at least six deaths in the year before the writing of the article. It affects not only the bingers but also fellow students, who are more likely to report lost sleep, interrupted studies and sexual assaults on campuses with high binge-drinking rates. Sometimes it may cause riots.

3. The most important factor is the campus culture encouraging students to drink, and drink heavily. At many colleges, school life is still synonymous with alcohol-lubricated gatherings. College newspapers are filled with alcohol-related ads. On many campuses, bars send shuttle buses to round up students.

4. The act of raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 can not solve the problem. Many drink at private parties off campus, with an older student buying the alcohol. Bars ’ enforcement of the drinking age is often lax, false IDs are common, and legal-age friends are often willing to buy the drinks and bring them back to the table. Instead of drinking in well-monitored settings, the young often experiment in private homes and bars, where there are few checks in place to deter dangerous practices. Research suggests that making alcohol illegal may give it an illicit thrill for younger drinkers. So raising the age may have made the binge problem even worse.

5. To solve the binge problem, many colleges hand out literature and hold workshops to educate students about responsible drinking. In addition, they penalize campus groups that sponsor reckless parties.

6. No, it’s far from enough just to ban alcohol on campus, for it does nothing about the excessive drinking off-campus. So, colleges should work with the larger community to ensure that students cannot abuse alcohol at private homes and bars.

Outline

I. Specific example: Wynne’s death of alcohol poisoning

(1)

II. General situation: Pervasive binge drinking on campuses

(2—3)

1. A common problem with most schools

2. Huge yearly consumption of alcohol

3. Harmful effects on the bingers and fellow students

III. Causes for the campus binge problem

(4—5)

1. Binge-encouraging culture: alcohol-lubricated gatherings; college newspapers ’ advertising; bars ’ shuttle-bus service

2. Off-campus wide-availability and high promotion of alcohol

IV. Measures taken by many colleges to solve the binge problem

(6—7)

1. Education through literature and workshops

2. Punishment for campus groups for sponsoring reckless parties

3. Ban on alcohol consumption on campuses

V. Author’s recommended measures

(8—9)

1. Working with the larger community to stop off-campus alcohol abuse

2. Encouraging on-campus responsible drinking for those of legal drinking age

Lesson21

Answers to the Questions

V . 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B

VI .

1. He took two of his father’s guns from an unlocked cabinet and a third from a family car. He had learnt to fire weapons from his father.

2. He means that Barry Loukaitis’ shooting in many respects showed the way in which America’s school yard killings would occur. More recent school killings followed the pattern of Barry Loukaitis ’ shooting.

3. The violent pop culture predisposed kids to violent behavior. It produced a profound cultural influence pulling kids into a world where violence is a perfectly normal way to handle emotions.

4. It shows a very serious problem: American juveniles are becoming violent, callous and

remorseless. More kids have mental disorders and their mental problems occur earlier.

5. Most earlier killings were gang-related, or they were stabbings involving money or a girl friend. However, most recent killings were shootings done by kids with mental troubles. The victims were chosen at random.

6. Yes, they gave ample warning signs, often in detailed writings at school, of dramatic violent outbursts to come. However, adults never took the threats and warning signs seriously. They simply overlooked them.

7. Juvenile suicide rates have increased over the last four decades and have leveled off near their all-time highs. More than 1.5 million Americans under age 15 are seriously depressed.

8. Because they were strapped for mental health counselors.

9. Their parents or grandparents did not lock guns out of kids’ reach. Some of them even bought them guns and taught them how to use the guns.

Outline

I. Specific example: Barry Loukaitis’ shooting on Feb. 2, 1996

(1—4)

II. Common traits of school yard killings after Barry’s shooting

(5—14)

1. Mental state: displaying problems

2. Instruments for killing: easy access to guns

3. Culture’s influence: immersion in gun culture and obsession with violent pop culture 4. Signs of violence: showing ample signs, which, however, are overlooked

III. Striking changes of school yard killings in type over the last six years

(15—27)

1. Most earlier killings: gang-related stabbings; fights over money or a girl friend

2. Most killings after Barry’s shooting: use of guns; random choices of victims; mental troubles 3. Examples: Barry Loukaitis; an Alaskan boy; Luke Woodham in Mississippi; Michael Carneal in Kentucky; a 13-year-old boy in Arkansas

IV. Analysis of the Causes

(28—41)

1. Mood disorders happening earlier & shortage of mental health counselors

2. Easy access to guns: unlocked; parents’ teaching; holiday gifts; taking courses

3. Pop culture’s influence: violent video shows and video games; gangster rap