被动语态888
被动语态讲解
一、总述:
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
1. He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
2. The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 动
词的过去分词。
二、被动语态的形式:
1) 常用时态被动语态的构成:
一般现在时: am / is / are + given
一般过去时: was / were +given 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ given 现在进行时: am / is / are + being + given
现在完成时: have / has + been + given
含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be + given
2)被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。如:
1. Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
2. A lot of tall buildings will not be built here soon. 这儿不会很快建许多高楼。
3)被动语态的疑问式:把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。如:
1. Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday? 昨天山上种了许多树吗?
2. How much money was stolen in all? 一共被偷了多少钱?
三、被动语态使用范围:
▲ 谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调,用被动语态莫忘了。如:
1. Some stamps were stolen last week. 上周一些邮票被偷了。(谁做的动作不知道)
2. The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。(说出谁做的没必要)
3. Football is played in most middle schools. 大多数中学踢足球。(动作承受者需强调)
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法: 转换图示:
▲ 主动语态变被动语态口诀:
宾语提前主语变,谓语要把被动变,原主变宾by后见,时态人称be关键。
1)主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
1. 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:Tom beat him.→ He was beaten
by Tom. 汤姆打败了他。→他被汤姆打败了。
2. 将动词改为"be+过去分词"的被动形式。
注意:被动语态谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持
一致。如:They held a meeting yesterday.→ A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨
天开会了。
3. 将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词及短语之后。
注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。如:He sang a song.→ A song was sung by
him. 他唱了一首歌。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语(双宾语)的句子:“主语+谓语+间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)”
可变两种被动语态。如:My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 我叔叔在我生日那
天给了我一件礼物。 间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)
1. I was given a present by my uncle on my birthday. 间接宾语(sb.)作主语
2. A present was given to me by my uncle on my birthday. 直接宾语(sth.)作主语
注意:当直接宾语变被动语态的主语时,①一般在下列动词后bring, give, hand, lend, pass, pay,
sell, show, take, teach, tell 等,间接宾语前加介词to。如:
1. I lent her my bike.→My bike was lent to her by me. 我的自行车被我借给他了。
2. The teacher showed the class the cup.→The cup was showed to the class by the teacher.
这个茶杯被老师拿给同学们看了。
②一般在下列动词后build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, find, get, keep, make, order, paint, play,
sing 等,间接宾语前加介词for, 如:
1. Mother made me a new skirt.→A new skirt was made for me by Mother.
妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。
2. Mother cooked us the meat.→The meat was cooked for us by Mother.
妈妈为我们煮的肉。
3. They played us some country music.→Some country music was played for us by them.
他们为我们演奏了一些乡村音乐。
3) 在look at, see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定
式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语。如:
1. I often hear Lucy sing in her room.→Lucy is often heard to sing by me in her room.
我经常听见露西在她房间里唱歌。
2. He saw Mr. John go into the library.→Mr. John was seen to go into the library by him.
他看见约翰先生走进了图书馆。
五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:
1. 系动词无被动语态,以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有:
① be动词 He is a student. 他是一个学生。(只有主动形式及意义)
② ……起来(7个):look/seem/appear, feel, sound, smell, taste
e.g. 1、She looks/seems/appears happy. 她看起来/好像/看来很高兴。
2、It tastes terrible. 它尝起来糟糕。
3、The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。
4、The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。 ③ (逐渐)变得/变成:become, grow, get, turn, come, go
e.g. 1、His wish has come true. 他的愿望已经实现。
2、People often went hungry in the old days. 过去人们经常挨饿。
3、The tree is growing tall. 这棵树正在长高。
④ 保持:keep, stay
e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 我们必须在阅览室保持安静。
2. 不及物动词及短语sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear, happen, cost, take,
take place, break out, belong to等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. 1、An accident was happened yesterday.(×)
An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。
2、This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
3、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
4、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。
5、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。
6、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。
7、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。
8、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久(不耐久)
六、被动语态提高巩固练习:
1. 变被动语态:
1. People use knives for cutting things. __ for
cutting things by people.
2. The students clean the windows of their
classroom twice a month. ___ by the students twice a
month.
3. I found the ticket on the floor.
__ on the floor by me.
4. I told her to return the book in time. ____ to return
the book in time by me.
5. His doctor made him have only two
meals a day. ____ doctor.
6. Now people can use computers to help
them. ___ ___ to help them by people.
7. Did you plant many trees at this time
last year? __ by you at this time last time?
8. we Must finish our work today? ___ today?
10. The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. the computer by the teacher.
11. In this factory women do most of the
work.
___ by women in this factory.
12. He can mend the bike in two days. ___ in two days.
13. You must take this medicine three times a day. __ 14. The students study French in this
school. the students in this school.
15. Do they often talk about this question? __?
2. 在横线上填写括号内所给动词的适当形式: _____(allow) to go out at night. by Bell many years ago. __ (speak) in
China. _(make) in China.
____(clean) every day.
6. --- Is the seat _____________ by anyone? (take) --- No, you can sit here.
7. The kind of pen ___________ well, so it __________ well, too. (write; sell)
8. The thief ___________ by the police and ___________ to prison last month. ( catch; send)
9. --- When _________ the swimming club ___________? (set up) --- In 2006.
10. ---- What are they doing with the wall
now?
--- It _______ by some workers at the moment. (paint)
15. Great changes _________ _____ in the area in the last ten years. (take place)
3. 将下列各句改为被动语态:
7. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.
9. Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
10. When I got to the theatre, I found they
4. 用动词的正确语态填空
Our desks and chairs ________________ (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers ______ also ___________ (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth __________________ (make) from it. Many people ____________ (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood _______ (be) important in our everyday life.
Where ________ wood __________ (come) from? It ______________ (take) from trees which _____________(grow) in the mountains. _________ you ____________ (know) how it ____________ (get) to us from the mountains?
First of all, trees ___________(cut) down when they ______________(grow) big enough. Then their branches _______________ (cut) off, and logs _______________(make).These heavy logs ________________(put) together in different ways and _________________ (take) down to the foot of the mountains. Some of them _________________ (float使漂流) down the small rivers and others _________________ (carry) down on trains.
Big trees ________________(cut) down in the mountains every year. Then young ones _______________ (must, plant) so that we ______ always _______________ (can, have) enough wood. We have to take good care of mountains so that they __________always _______________ (may, cover) with growing trees.
4. 选择正确答案
( ) 1. The Olympic Games ___________ every four years.
A are held B were held C are holding D will hold
( ) 2. We ____________ to close the windows before we left the lab.
A tell B told C were told D are told
( ) 3 The old building is part of Shenzhen’s history. It __________ hundreds of years ago.
A built B builds C is built D was built
( ) 5 Some famous paintings ___________ in the hall next week.
A will show B were shown C is shown D will be shown
( ) 6 It’s said in the newspaper that 215 more new schools __________ in Shenzhen by 2015.
A are building B were built C have built D will be built
( ) 7 In the art show, a lot of enjoyment _________ to foreign friends by the Chinese Painting.
A is giving B is given C will give D has given
( ) 8 Smoking __________ in many countries, so don’t smoke here.
A allows B is allowed C doesn’t allow D isn’t allowed
( ) 9 It is said that potato chips ___________by mistakes about a hundred years ago.
A invent B invented C are invented D were invented
( ) 11 --- What a clean classroom! --- It _________ every day.
A is sweeping B has swept C is swept D was swept
( ) 12 Children ___________ to keep away from the medicine for their safety.
A are told B tell C are telling D told
( ) 15 --- They say there’s a new restaurant nearby.
--- Yes, and it ____________ for no more than a week.
A has been open B opens C is opening D is opened
( ) 4. She was heard ________ an English song.
A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sang
( ) 9. Nobody likes __________.
A. laughed at B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. being laughed
( ) 12. I’m going to Wuhan tomorrow. Do you have anything ____ to your mother?
A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking
( ) 13. Take it easy. There is nothing ______.
A. to worry B. to be worried C. to be worried about D. to worry about
( ) 1. It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.
A) designed B) has been designed
C) will be designed D) will have been designed
2)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.
A) will already have started B) would already have started
C) shall have already started D) has already been started
3) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.
A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken
4) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.
A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found
5)“Have you moved into the new flat?” “Not yet. The room ____.”
A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted
6) My pictures ____until next Friday.
A) won't develop B) aren't developed
C) don't develop D) won' t be developed
7) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.
A) had been unemployed B) was unemployed
C) has been unemployed D) has unemployed
8) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.
A) has been establish B) have been established
C) have established D) had been established
9) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.
A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined
10)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”
A) They have been given B) I have been given C) I am given D) They have given to me
11) The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee.
A) is announced B) have been announced C) are announced D) has been announced
12) I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.
A) was B) had C) had been D) is
13) The goods ____when we arrived at the airport.
A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading
C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded
14) If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.
A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome
15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past.
A) was not B) were not C) were not being D) had not been
16) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.
A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling
17) After the race____, the celebration began.
A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won
18) He was here for a little while, but I don't know where she ____now.
A) is B) was C) had been D) has been
18) The young teacher has ____ competent.
A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been proved D) proved being
19) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930.
A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D) when discovered
20) To get a better view of the stage, ____.
A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changed
C) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us
22) After synthetic____, engineers had a better choice of material.
A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been created
23) I think much attention ____your pronunciation.
A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid to
C) must pay to D) should be paid to
24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.
A) have taken B) have been taken C) have been taking D) have been taking
25) I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.
A) having been given B) to have been given
C)having given D) to have given
26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.
A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known
27) The construction of the laboratory ____by the end of next month.
A) must be completed B) must have been completed
C) will be completing D) will have been completing
28) They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port.
A) was brought B) could have been brought
C) had been brought D) was to be brought
29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter.
A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging
30) Negotiation ____again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.
A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening C) is going to open D) opens
31) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.
A) has not explained B) has not been explained
C) did not explained D) were not explained
32) Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
A) were conducting B)were conducted
C) had been conducted D) had conducted
33) When he turned the corner, he found himself ____by a man in black.
A) tailed B) been tailed C) was tailed D) had been tailed
34) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination ____at this moment.
A) is interviewing B) being interviewed C) is being interviewed D) interviewing
35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.
A) building B) build C) built D) to build
36) As we know, all the regulations in school ____.
A) must keep to B) must be kept C) must keep D) must be kept up
37) The composition ____any more.
A) need not to be corrected B) doesn't need to be corrected
C) doesn't need be corrected D) need not correct
38) The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday
A) to be robbed B) to have keen robbed C) robbed D)having been robbed
39) Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there.
A) will have sold B) will sell C) have sold D) will have been sold 6.----Dad, please open the door, it ______.
40) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ____.
A) was damaged B) should be damaged C) damaged D) would be damaged
1.The question ______by us soon.
A.is going to discuss B.will discuss
C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed
2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______.
A.must look after B.must be taken care
C.must be looked after D.must take care of
3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet.
A.have looked B.haven't looked
C.have been looked D.haven't been looked
4.There was no room for you. All the seats ______.
A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken
5. A model ship ______his son by Mr More.
A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for
----OK, dear. I am coming.
A.was locked B.locks C.is locked D.locked
7. This kind of sweater______very soft.
A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling
8.----Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon? ----Yes. Every student______about it.
A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells
9.The cake ______delicious.
A.smell B.is smelled C.is smelling D.smells
10.My father has given up smoking since he ______on.
A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated
11.A new school ______ these days.
A. is building B. is built
C. well build D. is being built
12. The cake ______delicious.
A. smell B. is smelled
C. is smelling D. smells
13.I________there would be a football match on Channel 八 tomato
A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told
14.The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks.
A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrowed D. could be kept
15.When______this kind of computer _______?
is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used
16.The new computers_______to the village school as present last month. are given B. given C. were given D. gave
17.I really don't know_______about it.
A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do
18.Your shoes_______. You'd better come to get them in half an hour.
are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended
19.Though he had often made his little sister______,today he was made____by her.
A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry
20.When_____the accident________?
A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happen
2、用所给动词的正确情势填空。
Some ideas ______(give) to college students by him yesterday.
----Do you like the music "Moonlight"?
----Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sound
Cotton ______in the country.(plant)
Man-made satellites ______by Chinese people.(send)
This kinds of shoes ______out by now.(sell)
He won't come to the party unless Sue ______.(invite)
The chair needs______.(repair)
"Quick" is another way of ______"fast".(say)
This kind of bike ______in that factory, but you can't buy it now.(make) The room must ______ clean every day.(keep)