小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总
小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总 一般现在时
一. 意义:表示经常发生的事情,动作或存在的状态
二. 构成及变化
1.be动词的变化。
肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2. 行为动词的变化。
当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do
肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如: We often play basketball after school. 否定句:主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如:we don’t play basketball after school.
一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它?
如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?
如: What do you often do after school ?
当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does
肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如: He swims well.
否定句:主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。
如:Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?
如: How does your father go to work?
三.第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三
单式)
(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs…….
(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,
结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes
(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries
但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says
四.时间标志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,every…
现在进行时
一.意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。
二.构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式
肯定句: 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) I’m doing my homework now . 否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. I’m not doing my homework now. 一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?
Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I’m not .
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?
三. 现在分词的构成:
(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,
(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,
如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → having
ride → riding come → coming
(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging
sitting getting forgetting letting
四.时间标志——now,句前的look ,listen
一般过去时
一.意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.
二.构成及变化
1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化:
肯定句 : 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .
否定句 : 主语+ didn’t + 动词原形.I didn’t watch a film last Sunday . 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?
Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn’t .
特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?
三、时间标志:
yesterday,
yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)
last night (week, month, year…),
a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago…
一般将来时
一.意义:
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。
二. 构成及变化:
一般将来时常用的两种结构
be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。 shall/will+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿
1. be going to +动词原形
1.肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份
My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。
2.否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份
I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。
3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份…? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn’t.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。
4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?
Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过?
5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go , come 等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: He’s going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.
2.will /shall +动词原形
(在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall ,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)
1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份
I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。
2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份
They won’t watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。
3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份
Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?
4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句
When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来?
三、附 :Shall I /we …常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用Will you…?他们的回答比较灵活。
1.Shall we go to the park ?
肯定Sure , let’s go . 否定 No , let’s go to the cinema.
2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?
肯定Yes, I will. / Sure . 否定 I’m sorry. I’m afraid I can’t.
四、时间标志:tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening …… just now,
班级: 学号: 姓名:
1、他不高。
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3、我们晚上经常看电视。
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8、汤姆正在公园里跑步。
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11、他们在干什么?
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15、他们将去哪里游泳?
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17、我们将去溜冰。
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练习题:
一、 用动词的正确形式填空
1. I ________ (do) my homework every evening.
2. We _______ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.
3. My mother _____________ (clean) our room on Sundays.
4. Tom ____________(play) the piano every Saturday. Now he____________ (play).
5. She ___________(like) swimming. She _____________ (swim) this weekend.
6. Usually my mother _______________ (wash) the dishes after lunch. But my grandma _____________ (wash) today.
7. Look at the man! He ____________ (read) a magazine.
8. Look! The plane ______________ (fly) over the building.
9. Listen! My aunt ______________ (sing) in the room.She is a singer. She __________ (like) singing. She _____________(have) a music show. She is excited.
10. Tom and Mike always ______________ (swim) in the river. They ___________ (swim) in the swimming pool this Sunday. Look! They ________________ (swim).
11. What ____ you usually ______ (do) in the evening? I ______ (play) computer games.
12. What _______ you _______ (do) now? I __________ (make) a paper plane.
13. What _______ he _______ (do)? He _____________ (dance).
班级: 学号: 姓名:
1、他不高。
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3、我们晚上经常看电视。
——————————————————————————————————
8、汤姆正在公园里跑步。
——————————————————————————————————
11、他们在干什么?
——————————————————————————————————
15、他们将去哪里游泳?
——————————————————————————————————
17、我们将去溜冰。
——————————————————————————————————
练习题:
一、 用动词的正确形式填空
1. I ________ (do) my homework every evening.
2. We _______ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.
3. My mother _____________ (clean) our room on Sundays.
4. Tom ____________(play) the piano every Saturday. Now he____________ (play).
5. She ___________(like) swimming. She _____________ (swim) this weekend.
6. Usually my mother _______________ (wash) the dishes after lunch. But my grandma _____________ (wash) today.
7. Look at the man! He ____________ (read) a magazine.
8. Look! The plane ______________ (fly) over the building.
9. Listen! My aunt ______________ (sing) in the room.She is a singer. She __________ (like) singing. She _____________(have) a music show. She is excited.
10. Tom and Mike always ______________ (swim) in the river. They ___________ (swim) in the swimming pool this Sunday. Look! They ________________ (swim).
11. What ____ you usually ______ (do) in the evening? I ______ (play) computer games.
12. What _______ you _______ (do) now? I __________ (make) a paper plane.
13. What _______ he _______ (do)? He _____________ (dance).
14. What _______ she ______ (do) yesterday? She ______ (visit) her grandparents.
15. ______ your mother ______ (read) newspaper in the morning? Yes, She ________ .
16. _______ you _______ (like) fishing? No, I ______ . I like __________ (swim), but my brother ___________ (like).
17. How ______ your father _______ (go) to work every day? He _________ (go) by bike. But it’s cold today. He ___________ (take) the No.21 bus,, and he
____________ (go) to work by taxi yesterday.
18. _______ the monkey _______ (like) climbing trees? Yes, it _______ .
19. What _______ your father ______ (do) after lunch? He _______ (read) a comic book. What _____ he _______(do) today? He _______ (clean) the kitchen for my
20. ________ you ______ (collect) stamps? Yes. I _______ . ________ your brother ______ (collect), too? No, he ________ .
二、选择题
1. _____ he _____ to the park at 6:30 in the morning? No,he _____ .
A. Does; goes; does B. Does; go; doesn’t C. Does; go; does
2. What colour _____ you _____ this bookcase? I _____ it pink.
A. are; going to paint; am going to paint B. do; paint; paint C. did; paint; painted
3. Tim always _____ a picture at home. He _____ a car now.
A. draws; is drawing B. draw; draw C. draws; draw
4. She usually _____ her friends. They often _____ tea.
A. see; drink B. sees; drinks C. sees; drink
5. He usually _____ the dishes at night, but tonight he _____ clothes.
A. wash; wash B.washes; is going to wash C. is washing; washes
6. Mr. Green usually _____ his newspaper in the evening, but he and his wife _____ television yesterday evening.
A.reads; watches B.reads; is going to watch C.reads; watched
7. Where are the man and the woman? They _____ near the tree.
A. sit B. sat C. are sitting
8. _____ your penpal _____ diving? No, he _____ .He ______ writing stories.
A. Does; like; doesn’t; likes B. Does; likes; doesn’t; like C. Do; like; don’t; likes
9. _____ you _____ fishing yesterday? No, we _____ .
A. Does; go; doesn’t B. Did; go; didn’t C. Do; go; don’t
10. Open the window, Please. Look! He _____ it.
A. opens B. is openning C. is opening
11. I usually _____ some milk every day. But I _____ coffee yesterday.
A. drink; drank B. is drinking; drink C. drank; am drinking
12. Mr. Green often __ his newspapers at night. But he ___ an interesting book
tonight.
A. reads; reads B. reads; read C. reads; is going to read
13. The old man _____ playing sports in the park. He _____ morning exercise now.
A. likes; is doing B. likes; does C. like; doing
14. What _____ you usually _____ in the evening? I ______ computer games. What _____ you _____ last night? I _____ a book.
A. do; do; play; did; do; read B. did; do; played; do; do; read
C. does; do; plays; do; do; am reading
15. Where ______ the boy _____ ? He _____ across the river now.
A. does; swim; swims B. is; swimming; is swimming D. is; swimming; is
swimming
16. _____ you _____ to music now? Yes, we _____ .
A. Do; listen; do B. Did; listen; did C. Are; listening; are
17. Put on you coat, please. OK. I ___ it on. A. am putting B. am going to put C. put
18. _____ you ______ coffee? Yes, I ______ .
A. Do; like; do B. Did; like; did C. Are; like; am
19. Look! Two cats ______ across the wall. A. run B. runs C. are running
20. She ____ tea, but he ___ . A. likes; doesn’t B; like; don’t C. like; doesn’t
21. ---How many ________ in the tree? ---There are two.
A. bird are ther B. birds is ther C. birds are there D.birds are their
22.. Mr Johnson usually goes to the hospital ________.
A. by his car B. by the black car C. by car D. by the new car
23. Does your brother play ping-pong __________?
A. on every afternoon B. every afternoon C. in every afternoon D. at every afternoon
24. ________ do you usually come to school? A. How B. What C. Which D. How much
25. ---Don’t you usually come to school by bike? ---_________. But I sometimes walk.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I do D. No, I don’t
26. What ____ Tom and his mother like ? A. does B. do C. is D. are
27. What’s your hobby? My hobby is ______ model plane.
A. making B. make C. making D. made
28. ---Did you go to the park on Sunday morning? ---___, I went there in the afternoon.
A. Yes B. No C. Sure D. Sorry
29. I don’t think he’s so great, but my mom _________. A. do B. does C. is D. are
30. A kid ______ breakfast every morning, because it’s good for his health.
A. have to B. has to C. has to have D. has to has