青蒿素的发现与研究进展
青蒿素的发现与研究进展
卢义钦
中南大学 湘雅医学院 生物科学与技术学院 生物化学系,中国湖南长沙410013
摘要:1967年北京《5・23抗疟计划》付诸实施,在全国多个研究单位协作下,组织植物化学与药理学等专业200多人,搜寻对抗耐氯喹恶性疟疾的新药.他们追索我国历代抗疟方剂,用约200种草药制成380多种抽提物,再筛查其时小鼠疟疾模型的疗效.最后确定,在60℃用乙醚萃取中药青蒿的黄花蒿所得第191号中性抽提物,对感染鼠疟和猴疟的小鼠与猴以及21例恶性疟、间日疟患者均能奏效.1972年11月,从该抽提物分离出相对分子质量0.282 kD的无色结晶,命名为青蒿素.它属于一种新型的倍半萜内酯.继后青蒿素纯品的胶囊被用于临床数千例疟疾患者.2006年以来,为克服耐药性,世界卫生组织(WHO)宣布改用青蒿素的联合疗法
(ACT),挽救了80个国家100多万人的生命.因在发现青蒿素过程中的关键作用,屠呦呦被授予2011年度拉斯克临床医学研究奖.本文对青蒿素发现的争议,如何恰当评价其他科学家的贡献,以及开发植物界以外青蒿
素新药源的近况,均作了简要报道.
黄花蒿;青蒿素及其衍生物;疟疾;拉斯克临床医学研究奖
R531.3;R382.3+.1;Q949.96
A
1007-7847(2012)03-0260-06
The Discovery of Artemisinin and Advances in Related Research
LU Yi-qin
2012-04-25 2012-05-21
作者简介:com.cn.
卢义钦(I928-),男,湖北宜昌人,中南大学湘雅医学院教授,主要从事红细胞膜与红细胞代谢研究,E-mail: yqlu200@yahoo.
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过氧化物基团二异丁基铝氢圣基又可恢复研究成果正
在北京召开.”作第1位发衍生物的制
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川州、个
提物有效外,还要床试验等环节,北重要贡献,但也不
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