SAT写作经典事例:约翰_纳什

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SAT写作经典事例：约翰・纳什

无论是SAT写作，还是雅思、托福写作，事例素材的积累都是至关重要的。但是很多SAT考生素材局限于安徒生、爱迪生以及爱伊斯坦等等，本文将为大家介绍著名物理学家约翰・纳什。

John Nash (1928-)

When the young Nash had applied to graduate school atPrinceton in 1948, his old Carnegie Tech professor, R.J. Duffin,wrote only one line on his letter of recommendation: "This man isa genius".

It was at Princeton that Nash encountered the theory of

games, then recently launched by John von Neumann and OskarMorgenstern. However, they had only managed to solvenon-cooperative games in the case of "pure rivalries" (i.e.

zero-sum). The young Nash turned to rivalries with mutual gain.His trick was the use of best-response functions and a recenttheorem that had just emerged - Kakutani's fixed point-theorem.

His main result, the "Nash Equilibrium", was published in

1950 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Hefollowed this up with a paper which introduced yet another

solution concept - this time for two-person cooperative games -the "Nash Bargaining Solution" (NBS) in 1950. A 1951 paperattached his name to yet another side of economics - this time,the "Nash Programme", reflecting his methodological call for thereduction of all cooperative games into a non-cooperativeframework.

His contributions to mathematics were no less remarkable.As an undergraduate, he had inadvertently (and independently)proved Brouwer's fixed point theorem. Later on, he went on tobreak one of Riemann's most perplexing mathematical

conundrums. From then on, Nash provided breakthrough afterbreakthrough in mathematics.

In 1958, on the threshold of his career, Nash got struck byparanoid schizophrenia. He lost his job at MIT in 1959 (he hadbeen tenured there in 1958 - at the age of 29) and was virtuallyincapicated by the disease for the next two decades or so. Heroamed about Europe and America, finally, returning to Princetonwhere he became a sad, ghostly character on the campus - "thePhantom of Fine Hall" as Rebecca Goldstein described him in hernovel, Mind-Body Problem.

The disease began to evaporate in the early 1970s and Nashbegan to gradually to return to his work in mathematics.

However, Nash himself associated his madness with his living onan "ultralogical" plane, "breathing air too rare" for most mortals,and if being "cured" meant he could no longer do any originalwork at that level, then, Nash argued, a remission might not beworthwhile in the end. As John Dryden once put it:

Great wits are sure to madness near allied, And thin

partitions do their bounds divide.

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约翰·纳什（1928-）

约翰·纳什生于1928 年6月13日。父亲是电子工程师与教师，第一次世界大战的老兵。纳什小时孤独内向，虽然父母对他照顾有加，但老师认为他不合群不善社交。 纳什的数学天分大约在14岁开始展现。他在普林斯顿大学读博士时刚刚二十出头，但他的一篇关于非合作博弈的博士论文和其他相关文章，确立了他博弈论大师的地位。在20世纪50年代末，他已是闻名世界的科学家了。

然而，正当他的事业如日中天的时候，30岁的纳什得了严重的精神分裂症。他的妻子艾利西亚———麻省理工学院物理系毕业生，表现出钢铁一般的意志：她挺过了丈夫被禁闭治疗、孤立无援的日子，走过了惟一的儿子同样罹患精神分裂症的震惊与哀伤……漫长的半个世纪之后，她的耐心和毅力终于创下了了不起的奇迹：和她的儿子一样，纳什教

授渐渐康复，并在1994 年获得诺贝尔奖经济学奖。

如今，纳什已经基本恢复正常，并重新开始科学研究。他现在是普林斯顿大学数学教授，但已经不再任教。学校经济学系经常会举办有关博弈论的论坛，纳什有时候会参加，但是他几乎从不发言，每次都是静静地来，静静地走。

关于纳什还有一部获得奥斯卡最佳电影奖的影片《美丽心灵》(ABeautiful Mind)，感兴趣的同学可以找来观看，可能会对纳什战胜精神分裂症的故事有更好的体会。纳什的例子可以用于讨论天才与毅力的关系，讨论环境的影响等话题。