蔓长春花大.小孢子形成和雌.雄配子体发育观察
蔓长春花大、小孢子形成和雌、雄配子体发育观察
摘要：采用常规植物石蜡切片法对蔓长春花（Vinca major L.）不同发育阶段花器官实施解剖结构研究，结果表明，蔓长春花花药壁发育属于基本类型，其由表皮、药室内壁、中层和腺质型绒毡层组成。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型，四分体排列成四面体型，成熟花粉是2-细胞型。其胚珠是直生胚珠、双珠被、厚珠心型，次生造孢细胞发育成大孢子母细胞。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成三分体，合点端的大孢子发育为胚囊，胚囊为蓼型。
关键词：蔓长春花（Vinca major L.）；大孢子；小孢子；雌配子体；雄配子体
The Megasporogenesis and Microsporogensis of Vinca major and Male and Female Gametophyte Formation
Abstract ： The anatomical structure of the floral organ of Vinca major L. at different development stage was studied by common plant paraffin section. The results showed that the development of V. major flower periwinkle belonged to the basic type， which contained epidermis， endotheca ， middle layer， and glandular tapetum. The meiosis of microspore mother cells was the simultaneous type ， the tetrad arranged as tetrahedral； while mature pollen was 2-cell type. The ovule was orthotropous ovule ， double integuments ， thick megarchidium type ； and the megasporocyte was developed from secondary sporogenous cell. Megasporocyte developed into triad through meiosis. The megaspore at the chalazal end developed into the Polygonum type embryo sac.
Key words： Vinca major L.； megaspore ； microspore ； female gametophyte； male gametophyte
蔓长春花（Vinca major L.）为夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae ）蔓长春花属（Vinca L. ）蔓性半灌木植物[1]，原产亚洲西部、地中海沿岸及美洲等地。蔓长春花植株丛生，茎细长，匍匐生长，长可达1 m以上，枝节间可着地生根，快速覆盖地面；叶全缘对生，厚革质，椭圆形，翠绿光滑而有光泽；花单生于叶脉，柱头有丛毛，基部有明显的环状增厚，花丝扁平，花药顶端无毛。淡蓝色，花期4～5月[2]。蔓长春花喜温暖湿润环境，喜阳光也较耐阴，稍耐寒，喜欢生长在深厚肥沃湿润的土壤中；做地被栽培能在半阴湿润处的深厚土壤中生长迅速，适应性很强，全年除严寒时期外都能保持完好的色彩，所以栽培容易，应用广泛，是良好的地被植物，可在林缘或林下成片栽植，尤其适合栽于建筑物基脚和斜坡等处，非常有利于水土保持。其变种花叶蔓长春（V . major var. variegata Loud.）枝蔓悬垂自然、疏密别致，柔顺的枝条看上去轻盈飘逸，绿意盎然，别有韵味；绿色叶片上有许多黄白色的斑块，春末夏初在绿叶丛中会悄无声息地绽放出梦幻般的蓝色花朵，