大学英语精读第一册unit4
大学英语精读(一)教案
任课教师:
授课班级:2010 级会计 9、10、11、12 班 财政 1、2、财管 5、6 班 课程学分: 3
课程总学时:
48
课程周学时:
3
上课周次:
16
教学进度计划
章 Unit 1 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 7 Unit 9 Review
节
计划课时 9 9 9 9 9 3
教学手段
教学环境 教学楼 314 教学楼 314 教学楼 314 教学楼 314 教学楼 314 教学楼 314
第 课
章 时
4 10
第
节 普通教室
教学环境
教学目的
To learn the appropriate communicating ways; To master the key words and phrases; To master the text organization and key language points of the text; To grasp the writing skill.
重
点
Question for discussion: What are the usual ways to judge the people we first meet? Suggested answers: We judge them from their physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others. Words and expressions : range from…to… react to be absorbed in conscious encounter with focus on persuade sb. to do sth. depress address oneself to… etc
难
点
The structure of the text and the expressions of long sentences Writing skill How to Make a Good Impression
讲授内容:
Background information: Words are not only part of the communicating tools people use. Scientific study reveals an appealing fact that up to 93% of communication is conducted by non-verbal means, for example, tone of voice, eye movement, posture, hand gestures, facial expressions and more. Non-Verbal Communication sometimes conveys a stronger message than verbal communication. Text organization: Part I (Para.1-2): Research shows that we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them. Para. 1: You make up your mind about people through unspoken communication within the first seven seconds of meeting them. It is during the first seven seconds that you show your true feelings and thus causing a chain of reactions. Paragraph 1 – Questions Main Question: Can we communicate without words? (Yes. Words are only part of the communicating tools people use. Scientific study reveals an appealing fact that up to 93% of communication is conducted by non-verbal means, for example, tone of voice, eye movement, posture, hand gestures, facial expressions and more.) Q1 – How long can we make up our minds about people? (7 seconds) Q2 – How do we show our true feelings? (S2) -Expressions
S1’s meaning: Research shows within the first seven seconds when we meet sb., we form our opinion about him or her through nonverbal communication. 1. make up one’s mind (to)=decide (to) e.g. I haven’t made up my mind where to go. He made up his mind to be a doctor. Make up one’s mind about people/sth. –form the opinion about people S2’s meaning: Whether we are aware of it or not, we use our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes to express our feelings. This caus
es a sequence of various reactions from comfort to fear. 2. a chain of = a sequence of a chain of thoughts 一连串想法 a chain of bad luck 一连串倒霉事 a chain of events 一系列事件 a chain of accidents 一系列意外事故 3. range from… to…/between means occur between certain limits e.g. Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars. 价格自五至十美元不等 -Words 1.impression n. e.g. What were your first impressions of London? 你对伦敦的最初印象如何? It's my impression that he doesn't want to come. 我好像觉得他不想来 The thief had left an impression of his foot in the garden. 小偷在花园中留下一个脚印 *be under the impression that 认为; 觉得 e.g. I’m under the impression that… *make an/no impression on 对....有(没有)印象/影响 e.g. What I said made practically no impression on him.我的话对他简直不起作用 (Ex) impress vt. *impress on (upon) 使…得深刻印象; 在... 盖印 e.g. His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的话使我深深铭记心头 *impress with 使对...留有深刻的印象; 盖上..., 印上... e.g. impress us with the high speed of development 2. conscious adj. e.g. I was conscious of her presence. 我知道她在场 He was conscious that he must do all this.他知道必须干这些事 (Ex.) unconscious adj. /n. 〈心理〉潜意识 consciously adv. ---unconsciously adv. consciousness n.---- unconsciousness n. self-conscious adj. e.g. a self-conscious teenager 一个怕难为情的少年 self-consciousness n. 3. reaction n. e.g. What is his reaction to your proposal? 他对你的建议有什么反应 The writer has a reaction against his usual style. 反抗, 反对 An acid can have a reaction with a base to form a salt. 酸和碱起化学反应成盐 4. range v. e.g. Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars. 价格自五美元至十美元不等(变化) They ranged the books by size 按书的大小排列 The children ranged the hills. 孩子们在小山中漫游 n. e.g. What is the range of your gun? 你的枪的射程有多远? a range of buildings 一排楼房 the annual range of temperature 每年的温度变化范围 -Translation 如何给人留下好印象 有研究显示, 我们对他人的判断是根据我们最初遇到他们的七秒钟里所进行的无言交流形成 的。无论是有意识还是无意识,我们都会用我们的眼神、面部表情、形体动作和态度来表现 我们的真实情感,从而使他人产生从舒适到害怕的一连串反应。 Para. 2: It gives us some examples to illustrate the point of Para.1. Paragraph 2 – Questions Main Question: How long does it take us to judge the people we meet? (According to the passage, we judge other people within the first seven seconds of meeting them. But things are not always the same with everybody. As far as I am concerned, I won’t make a
thorough judgment of others until I’m very familiar with them. However, I must admit that the
first impression is really very important. It can greatly affect my judgments on others.) Q1 – Which meetings could be unforgettable by the author? (s1) -Expressions S1: 1. think about v.考虑, 回想 e.g. They are thinking about moving.他们正考虑搬迁事宜 2. introduction is often followed by ―to‖ e.g. give me an introduction to a professor; introduction to radio 无线电入门 S2: focus on=pay attention to S4’s meaning: How did you understand the information about the other people. ―read‖ = learn about the information -Words 5. introduction n. 6. spouse n. a husband or wife ---couple n. a husband and a wife 7. interview inter-互相+view 见 n./vt. (Ex.) interviewer n. 接见[会见, 采访]者 interviewee n.被接见[被会见, 被采访]者 8. encounter n. /vt. e.g. I encountered an old friend on the street.在街上偶然遇见一位老友 I had an encounter with an old friend. (Ex.) *by chance 偶然, 意外地 I met him by chance. 我偶然遇到了他 *by any chance 万一, 或许 Is he, by any chance, her brother?他可能是她哥哥吗? 9. focus v. e.g. All eyes were focused on the speaker. 大家的目光都集中在发言人身上 I think you forgot to focus the camera. 我想你是忘了给照相机调焦距 (Ex.) He got used to the life under focus lamp 聚光灯. -Translation 想想那些让你最为难忘的会面: 被介绍给你未来的配偶, 一次求职面试, 与陌生人一次邂逅。 将注意力集中在最初的七秒钟, 你当时有何感想?你是如何解读他人的?你认为他又是如何 解读你的? Part II (Para.3-15): The four qualities we can use to impress others:you are the message; be yourself; use your eyes; lighten up Body 1 (Para.3-5): You are the message. Para. 3: The writer tells us from his own experience that the secret has always been ―you are the message‖. Paragraph 3 – Questions Main Question: What’s the author’s experience? What’s the secret of making good impression? (The author worked with thousands who want to be successful. He has helped them make persuasive presentations, answer unfriendly questions, communicate more effectively.) -Expressions S1’s meaning: Your eyes, face, body, and attitudes-the whole you sends the information about you. S3: 1. make/give a presentation of=give a speech on sth. S4: 2. secret 秘诀- the best way or the only way to achieve it e.g. What is the secret of his success? 他成功的秘诀是什么? -Words 10. persuasive adj. e.g. a persuasive argument 令人信服的论据 (Ex.)persuasion n. e.g. After a lot of persuasion, she agreed to go. 经过多次劝说后,她同意去了 persuade v. e.g. He persuaded her to go to school. I am almost persuaded of his honesty. 我几乎相信他是诚实的。
*persuade sb. into doing sth. v.说服某人做某事 11. presentation n. e.g. gave a presentation on drug abuse 开办关于毒品滥用问题的讲座 (Ex) present v. present flowers 献花 present a new
play 上演一出新戏 present reasons 提出理由 presented prizes 颁奖 Allow me to present Mr Black to you. 请允许我向您介绍布莱克先生 -Translation 你本人就是信息。25 年来,我在工作中和数千个想要成功的人打过交道。我帮助他们使他 们所作的演讲有说服力,教他们如何回答不友好的提问,以及如何与人更有效的沟通。而所 有这一切的秘诀都在于要懂得你本人就是信息。 Para. 4: It continues to list what your message is. Your message includes physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others. Paragraph 4 – Questions Main Question: What are the good qualities if you want others to be with you and help you? (They include: physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others.) -Expressions S1: 1. quality n. e.g. a watch of good quality 品质好的手表 qualities of leadership 领导才能 S3: 2. base on v.基于 Judgment should be based on facts -Words 12. physical adj. (antonym) chemical adj. spiritual / mentally adj. (Ex.) physician n. 内科医师 – surgeon n. 外科医生 13. rate n. e.g. The rate of inflation decreased to 10% last year.去年通货膨胀率降低为百分之十 death rate 死亡率 rate of exchange 汇率 The train was going at the rate of 80 kilometers an hour. *at any rate = at any cost=at any price 无论如何 14. pitch n. 沥青, 深黑色 *as black as pitch 漆黑的 15. tone n. e.g. deep tone 深沉的声音 sweet tone 优美的声音 the tone of a market 市场的情况 angry tone 愤怒的语气 soft green tone 浅绿的色调 *in a tone 一致 -Translation 如果你能利用你的优点, 别人就会愿意跟你在一起, 并且愿意帮助你。 这些优点包括: 外表、 活力、语速、语音语调、手势、眼神,以及使他人对你保持兴趣的能力。别人对你的印象就 是根据这些因素形成的。 Para. 5: It comes to a conclusion that you are successful when you use your own message and lost all self-consciousness, committing yourself to what you are talking about. Paragraph 5 – Questions Main Question: There are times you make a good impression. What’s the reason? (s3) -Expressions S3: 1. be committed to=give attention to= commit oneself to=be absorbed in 专心致志于 He committed himself to the business.= He was committed to the business. -Words 16. absorb vt. * be absorbed in 全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于 e.g. The writer was absorbed in his writing. 作家全神贯注地进行写作(吸引)
* be absorbed by 被...吞并, 为...所吸收 e.g. All of my time was absorbed by this job. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间(吸收) -Translation 想想有哪几次你确切知道你给人留下了好印象。 你成功的原因又是什么?那是
因为你对你所 谈论的事情非常投入,你当时完全沉浸其中,以至于已经完全没有了羞涩的感觉。 Body 2 (Para.6-9): Be yourself Para. 6: It argues against one piece of advice that has been suggested by many how-to books. Paragraph 6 – Questions Main Question: What’s the advice many how-to books give? What’s the writer’s opinion? (Many how-to books advise you to stride into a room and impress others with your qualities. They instruct you to greet them with ―power handshakes‖ and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person. It you follow all this advice, you’ll drive everyone crazy, including yourself.) -Expressions S1: 1. Be yourself![口]镇静点儿!别慌张! by yourself 你单独地; 你独立地 How's yourself?[俚](答复对方“How are you?”的客套话)你呢? 你也好吗? S2’s meaning: Many books that offer advice on how to make a good impression tell you to walk into a room with quick, long steps and make others feel admiration and respect for your qualities. 2. how-to books – books offering advice; stride into 大步行走; impress with S3: 3. fix one’s eyes on-stare at- gaze at-peer at S4: 4. drive sb. crazy e.g. The endless music is driving me crazy. -Words 17. how-to adj. e.g. a how-to book 入门书 18. stride vi./n. They are -ding forward in English.他们的英语在大踏步地取得进展。 19. impress vt. 20. shake n. handshake n. -Translation 保持自我。 许多指导性的书籍会建议你大步走进一个房间, 用你的优点给别人留下深刻印象。 他们会教你以“有力地握手”问候他人,并且告诉你要用双眼注视对方。可你知道如果遵循 了所有这些建议,你会让所有的人都受不了—包括你自己。 Para. 7: It deals with the writer’s own advice that the trick is to be consistently you, at your best. You should communicate with your whole being; the tones of your voices and your gestures match your words and you should keep yourself all the same. Paragraph 7 – Questions Main Question: How to be consistently yourself at your best? (Never change from one situation to another. Communicate with one’s whole being; the tones of one’s voice and one’s gesture match one’s words.) Q1 – Why the books fail to help you make a good impression? (they don’t tell the trick.) -Expressions S1: 1. trick e.g. I can do magic tricks.我会玩魔术 to learn the tricks of the trade 学这生意的诀窍 He got the money from me by a trick.他用诡计骗走了我的钱 The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师 2. at one’s best adv.处在最佳状态 At her best, she is a first-class dancer. S3: 3. address their garden club-give a speech in the garden club S4: 4. communicate with
-Words 21. consistent adj. +with e.g. What you say is not consistent with what you do.你言行不一 (Ex) inconsistent adj. 不一致的 consistently adv. ----inconsistently adv. 22. address vt. e.g.
address a meeting 向大会发表演说 How shall I address you? If your friend did something wrong, you should always address a warning to him. He addressed himself to the task of doing his homework.他专心致志地做他的家庭作业。 *address oneself to 对...说; 跟...谈; 与...通信(用于正式场合); 着手, 从事于 23. match vt. e.g. The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配 -Translation 诀窍在于要始终如一的保持自我, 保持你最佳状态的自我。 给人印象最深的那些人从不随着 情境的变化而改变自己。无论是在与人交谈时,在园艺俱乐部发表演说时,还是在求职面试 中, 他们的表现是一样的。 他们全身心与人交流; 他们的音调和手势与他们说的话保持一致。 Para. 8: It gives us an example of how some public speakers do not have good communication skills. While they are talking about being happy with their audience, they don’t look happy. Thus they send mixed messages. Paragraph 8 – Questions Main Question: Why does the author say ―Public speakers, however, often send mixed messages?‖ (The author gives us an example of how some public speakers do not have good communication skills. While they are talking about being happy with their audience, they don’t look happy. Thus they send mixed messages.) -Expressions S1’s meaning: Public speakers often send confusing messages-what they say doesn’t match what they do. S2: 1. my favorite- I feel the most funny or interesting one is… -Words 24. depress vt. e.g. The rainy days always depress me.雨天总是使我沮丧 Does mass unemployment depress wages? 大量人口失业会使工资降低吗 (antonym) encourage vt. (Ex) depressed adj. e.g. depressed areas 贫困地区 the depressed center of a crater 火山口凹陷的中心 depressing adj.抑压的, 阴沉的, 沉闷的 e.g. depressing weather 阴沉的天气 depression n. e.g. A holiday will help his depression. 度假会帮助他改善抑郁情绪 -Translation 然而, 演说家常常会传递一些混合不清的信息。 我觉得最有意思的一类演说家是那些看着自 己的鞋子说“女士们,先生们,我很高兴来到这里”的人。他们看上去并不高兴。他们看上 去气愤、恐惧或沮丧。 Para. 9: It is the conclusion for this piece of advice. When the audience see with their own eyes that you are not being yourself and you are sending mixed messages, they would tell themselves that the speaker is not being honest. Paragraph 9 – Questions Main Question: Why audience think the speaker is lying? (s1) -Expressions S1’s meaning: They always think what they see without their own eyes is more important than what they hear. Seeing is believing.
1. over- more than; more important than S2: 2. being honest 强调时态(tense) e.g. You’re being very silly.=You’re doing silly things. I was being very careful.=I was doing something caref
ully.我是特别小心 He is being nice to me.他对我显得特别好 -Words 25. audience n. -Translation 听众总是相信自己的亲眼所见胜过耳闻。他们会想, “他告诉我他很高兴,可他并不是这样。 他现在并没有说实话。 ” Body 3 (Para.10-11): The writer advises to keep eye contact with your audience, look straight at those in the room and smile. Paragraph 10 – Questions Main Question: What’s the bad habit when using your eyes? (S3) -Expressions S3’s meaning: Some people look at you only when they begin to say sth., but very soon they begin to look somewhere else. 1. look right at; make/break eye contact -Words 26. contact n. e.g. The two wires were in contact. 这两根电线接通了 She comes into contact with many people. 她和许多人有联系 *have/make/come into/be in contact with 和...接触 *lose/be out of contact with 和...失去联系 v. e.g. She contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她一到就和我联系了 (antonym) isolation n. 隔离 -Translation 用你的眼睛。不管你是和一个人交谈,还是对一百个人发表讲话,始终记住你要看着他们。 有些人在开始说话时会直视你,但一句话刚说了几个字,他就会中断与你目光的接触,把目 光移向窗外。 Paragraph 11 – Questions Main Question: What should we do when entering a room full of people? (As we enter a room, move our eyes comfortably; then look straight at those in the room and smile.) Q1 – Why should we smile? Q2 – Why sb. treats a room full of people as a lion’s cage? -Expressions S1: 1. look straight at S3: 2. be relaxed- feel calm or not worried S6: If I did agree-emphatic use 强调 e.g. He did tell me about it. I do feel sorry for him. -Words 27. relax v. (Ex) relaxed adj. relaxation n. -Translation 当你走进房间时, 目光从容地扫视; 然后直视房间里的人, 并对他们微笑。 微笑是很重要的, 它表明你很放松。 有人认为走进一个很多人的房间就像走进了一个狮子笼。 我不同意这种说 法。就算我同意,我也肯定不会看着自己的脚或是天花板。我会直视那头狮子。 Body 4 (Para.12-15): Lighten up
Para. 12-13: It gives an example of how an angry chairman roared with laughter just because of a piece of humor. Paragraph 12 – Questions Main Question: What can you learn from the examples given on Para.12 and 13? (Even under stress of a very uncomfortable scene, we should lighten up.) Q1 – Why the chairman scolded everyone? (enjoy making them fear him) -Expressions S2: 1. scold v.责骂 e.g. His father scolded him for staying out late. 2. enjoy doing sth. enjoy oneself 过得快乐 Did you enjoy yourself of the party? -Words 28. lighten v. e.g. lighten taxes 减轻赋税 -----tighten v. lighten up: become more relaxed and less serious 29. powerful adj. e.g. a powerful drug 特效药 -----powerless 30. entertainment n. (Ex) entertain v. 娱乐, 招待 entertainer n. 款
待者,演艺人员 entertaining adj.愉快的 -Translation 放松。一次员工会议上,一位娱乐业最有影响的董事长由于一些微不足道的问题大发雷霆, 责备每位员工,为能使员工害怕自己而感到满足。当他走向我,喊道, “还有你,埃尔斯, 你干些什么?” Paragraph 13 – Questions Q1 – Which quality helped the author break the stress? (humor) -Expressions S3: 1. throw back v.扔回, 阻止, 使重新依靠, 反射 2. roar with anger/ laughter/pain -Words 31. roar vi. e.g. The engines roared.发动机轰响着 (常与 out 连用) 高声发出, 大声表示 roar out an order 大声发出命令 -Translation 我这样说, “你是说现在?今晚?还是在我的余生中?”之后有片刻的沉默。接着董事长仰 头放声大笑。其他的人也跟着笑起来。幽默可以打破尴尬场合中的紧张气氛。 Para. 14:It puts forward the writer’s advice: lighten up. Paragraph 14 – Questions Q1 – If the author gave the advice in two words, which words would he choose? (lighten up) -Expressions S2: 1. take …seriously –take …lightly; take literally S3: 2. either…or e.g. Either say you're sorry or else get out!本身已具备了给人留下良好印象的能力,因为要保持你的自我,只有你自 己才能做得好,谁也代替不了你。 Summary: A good impression results from a combination of factors which includes your manner of dress, your body language, and your attitude. Here are more tips for you: 1. Appearance counts. When you look good, you feel good. Make sure you look groomed and neat. 2. Your clothes and accessories should be conservative and neutral, rather than wild and loud. 3. Sit up straight (like your mother always told you to). When you stand make yourself as tall as possible? shoulders back and head held high. 4. Eye contact and smiles can indicate a confident and upbeat attitude. 5. Your voice and the volume of your speech convey a strong impression. Whether it is a phone interview or a face-to-face interview, it is important that you speak with enthusiasm and energy. Use a firm voice to demonstrate your confidence. If you speak in low tones the impact will be weak and ineffective.
Writing Skill—观点论证型作文 No cross, No crown 不经历风雨,怎能见彩虹 A saying goes like that ―No cross, no crown‖. This seemingly simple saying turns out to bear a profound meaning that one can only achieve success through all kinds of hardships. There are always failures, setbacks and frustrations on the road of success. Take a look at the successful persons in history, and we can see that every one of them had encountered various hardships and trials before ascending to the throne of success. Beethoven had been tested by sudden deafness in the peak of his career. Edison had failed thousands of times before inventing lamp. So, what is needed most to succeed is just to work hard and never lose faith and courage. Only we realize that we should never bend our heads down before hardships and keep faith in ourselves, can we have the chance to take the crown of success. Just keen in mind: ―no cross, no crown‖
高分词汇 高分词 profound encounter ascend marvelous deep meet walk up great 对比词
keep in mind remember 高分句型 1. A saying goes like that …可通用于所有谚语格言类作文的开头,用来引出所要进行阐释 的格言。 2. This seemingly simple saying turns out to bear a profound meaning that …用于用自己的话 来解释该格言的意义。 3. There are always failures, setbacks and frustrations on the road of success. 格言类作文的第 二段通常要有一个主题句,是你对该格言蕴含的深刻含义的高度概括,也是你这篇作文 的论点所在。 4. Take a look at …, and we can see that … 用于举例子论证你的论点
观点论证型作文模板
1. It is true that——. 2. However,——. 3.I think——. 4.—— can be listed as follow. 5. First of all, —— 6. Secondly ——7.For example—— 8.Thirdly,—— 9. A case in point is ——. 10.It goes without saying that—— 11.There is no doubt that —— 12.In conclusion —
— 1.提出普遍存在地观点。 2.谈不同地观点。 3.自己地观点,即文章地论点 4.过度句,转折到观点地论证,由题目选择 具体的词。 5.论证理由一 6.论证理由二。 7.举例具体说明理由二。8. 论证理由三。 9. 举例说明理由三。 10. 提出执行该观点时应注意的事项。 11. 得出结论。 12. 总结全文。
It Pays to Be Honest It is true that most of us value honesty highly. However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc. I think that we should be honest because being honest is not only the whole society. The reasons can be listed as follows. Firstly of all, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time. Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. For example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest, and on the contrary dealers can win more customers. Thirdly, honesty can make our society. A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate.
It goes without saying that being honesty is of benefit to both the same and the individual. There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty. In conclusion, laying stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.
课后作业
Question for discussion: Two: If you want to give a good impression to others, how do you usually behave? Suggested answers: 1. Dress yourself better but comfortable. 2. Have confidence in yourself. 3. Speak words not too fast not too slow but with composure. 4. Look at the eyes of the people you are talking to but don't stare at them for a long time. 5. Choose topics which can interest the people you are talking to. 6. Arm yourself with more meaningful thought. Writing : Where there is a will, there is a way. Extensive Reading Skill Development Tasks of Unit Three Video materials from pretty woman Reference books www.heep.cn
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