[公民权利和政治权利国际公约](英文版)

《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》(英文版)

InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights

Adoptedandopenedforsignature,ratificationandaccessionbyGeneralAssemblyresolution2200A(XXI)of16December1966,entryintoforce23March1976,inaccordancewithArticle49

Preamble

TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,

Consideringthat,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesproclaimedintheCharteroftheUnitedNations,recognitionoftheinherentdignityandoftheequalandinalienablerightsofallmembersofthehumanfamilyisthefoundationoffreedom,justiceandpeaceintheworld,

Recognizingthattheserightsderivefromtheinherentdignityofthehumanperson,

Recognizingthat,inaccordancewiththeUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,theidealoffreehumanbeingsenjoyingcivilandpoliticalfreedomandfreedomfromfearandwantcanonlybeachievedifconditionsarecreatedwherebyeveryonemayenjoyhiscivilandpoliticalrights,aswellashiseconomic,socialandculturalrights,

ConsideringtheobligationofStatesundertheCharteroftheUnitedNationstopromoteuniversalrespectfor,andobservanceof,humanrightsandfreedoms,

Realizingthattheindividual,havingdutiestootherindividualsandtothecommunitytowhichhebelongs,isunderaresponsibilitytostriveforthepromotionandobservanceoftherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant,

Agreeuponthefollowingarticles:

PARTI

Article1

1.Allpeopleshavetherightofself-determination.Byvirtueofthatrighttheyfreelydeterminetheirpoliticalstatusandfreelypursuetheireconomic,socialandculturaldevelopment.  2.Allpeoplesmay,fortheirownends,freelydisposeoftheirnaturalwealthandresourceswithoutprejudicetoanyobligationsarisingoutofinternationaleconomicco-operation,basedupontheprincipleofmutualbenefit,andinternationallaw.Innocasemayapeoplebedeprivedofitsownmeansofsubsistence.

3.TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,includingthosehavingresponsibilityfortheadministrationofNon-Self-GoverningandTrustTerritories,shallpromotetherealizationoftherightofself-determination,andshallrespectthatright,inconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheCharteroftheUnitedNations.

PARTII

Article2

1.EachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakestorespectandtoensuretoallindividualswithinitsterritoryandsubjecttoitsjurisdictiontherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant,withoutdistinctionofanykind,suchasrace,colour,sex,language,religion,politicalorotheropinion,nationalorsocialorigin,property,birthorotherstatus.

2.Wherenotalreadyprovidedforbyexistinglegislativeorothermeasures,eachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakestotakethenecessarysteps,inaccordancewithitsconstitutionalprocessesandwiththeprovisionsofthepresentCovenant,toadoptsuchlawsorothermeasuresasmaybenecessarytogiveeffecttotherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant.  3.EachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakes:

(a)Toensurethatanypersonwhoserightsorfreedomsashereinrecognizedareviolatedshallhaveaneffectiveremedy,notwithstandingthattheviolationhasbeencommittedbypersonsactinginanofficialcapacity;

(b)Toensurethatanypersonclaimingsucharemedyshallhavehisrighttheretodeterminedbycompetentjudicial,administrativeorlegislativeauthorities,orbyanyothercompetentauthorityprovidedforbythelegalsystemoftheState,andtodevelopthepossibilitiesofjudicialremedy;

(c)Toensurethatthecompetentauthoritiesshallenforcesuchremedieswhengranted.  Article3

TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantundertaketoensuretheequalrightofmenandwomentotheenjoymentofallcivilandpoliticalrightssetforthinthepresentCovenant.  Article4

1.Intimeofpublicemergencywhichthreatensthelifeofthenationandtheexistenceofwhichisofficiallyproclaimed,theStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantmaytakemeasuresderogatingfromtheirobligationsunderthepresentCovenanttotheextentstrictlyrequiredbytheexigenciesofthesituation,providedthatsuchmeasuresarenotinconsistentwiththeirotherobligationsunderinternationallawanddonotinvolvediscriminationsolelyonthegroundofrace,colour,sex,language,religionorsocialorigin.

2.Noderogationfromarticles6,7,8(paragraphsIand2),11,15,16and18maybemadeunderthisprovision.

3.AnyStatePartytothepresentCovenantavailingitselfoftherightofderogationshallimmediatelyinformtheotherStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,throughtheintermediaryoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,oftheprovisionsfromwhichithasderogatedandofthereasonsbywhichitwasactuated.Afurthercommunicationshallbemade,throughthesameintermediary,onthedateonwhichitterminatessuchderogation.

Article5

1.NothinginthepresentCovenantmaybeinterpretedasimplyingforanyState,grouporpersonanyrighttoengageinanyactivityorperformanyactaimedatthedestructionofanyoftherightsandfreedomsrecognizedhereinorattheirlimitationtoagreaterextentthanisprovidedforinthepresentCovenant.

2.ThereshallbenorestrictionuponorderogationfromanyofthefundamentalhumanrightsrecognizedorexistinginanyStatePartytothepresentCovenantpursuanttolaw,conventions,regulationsorcustomonthepretextthatthepresentCovenantdoesnotrecognizesuchrightsorthatitrecognizesthemtoalesserextent.

PARTIII

Article6

1.Everyhumanbeinghastheinherentrighttolife.Thisrightshallbeprotectedbylaw.Nooneshallbearbitrarilydeprivedofhislife.

2.Incountrieswhichhavenotabolishedthedeathpenalty,sentenceofdeathmaybeimposedonlyforthemostseriouscrimesinaccordancewiththelawinforceatthetimeofthecommissionofthecrimeandnotcontrarytotheprovisionsofthepresentCovenantandtotheConventiononthePreventionandPunishmentoftheCrimeofGenocide.Thispenaltycanonlybecarriedoutpursuanttoafinaljudgementrenderedbyacompetentcourt.

3.Whendeprivationoflifeconstitutesthecrimeofgenocide,itisunderstoodthatnothinginthisarticleshallauthorizeanyStatePartytothepresentCovenanttoderogateinanywayfromanyobligationassumedundertheprovisionsoftheConventiononthePreventionandPunishmentoftheCrimeofGenocide.

4.Anyonesentencedtodeathshallhavetherighttoseekpardonorcommutationofthesentence.Amnesty,pardonorcommutationofthesentenceofdeathmaybegrantedinallcases.  5.Sentenceofdeathshallnotbeimposedforcrimescommittedbypersonsbeloweighteenyearsofageandshallnotbecarriedoutonpregnantwomen.

6.NothinginthisarticleshallbeinvokedtodelayortopreventtheabolitionofcapitalpunishmentbyanyStatePartytothepresentCovenant.

Article7

Nooneshallbesubjectedtotortureortocruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishment.Inparticular,nooneshallbesubjectedwithouthisfreeconsenttomedicalorscientificexperimentation.

Article8

1.Nooneshallbeheldinslavery;slaveryandtheslave-tradeinalltheirformsshallbeprohibited.

2.Nooneshallbeheldinservitude.

3.

(a)Nooneshallberequiredtoperformforcedorcompulsorylabour;

(b)Paragraph3(a)shallnotbeheldtopreclude,incountrieswhereimprisonmentwithhardlabourmaybeimposedasapunishmentforacrime,theperformanceofhardlabourinpursuanceofasentencetosuchpunishmentbyacompetentcourt;

(c)Forthepurposeofthisparagraphtheterm"forcedorcompulsorylabour"shallnotinclude:

(i)Anyworkorservice,notreferredtoinsubparagraph(b),normallyrequiredofapersonwhoisunderdetentioninconsequenceofalawfulorderofacourt,orofapersonduringconditionalreleasefromsuchdetention;

(ii)Anyserviceofamilitarycharacterand,incountrieswhereconscientiousobjectionisrecognized,anynationalservicerequiredbylawofconscientiousobjectors;

(iii)Anyserviceexactedincasesofemergencyorcalamitythreateningthelifeorwell-beingofthecommunity;

(iv)Anyworkorservicewhichformspartofnormalcivilobligations.

Article9

1.Everyonehastherighttolibertyandsecurityofperson.Nooneshallbesubjectedtoarbitraryarrestordetention.Nooneshallbedeprivedofhislibertyexceptonsuchgroundsandinaccordancewithsuchprocedureasareestablishedbylaw.

2.Anyonewhoisarrestedshallbeinformed,atthetimeofarrest,ofthereasonsforhisarrestandshallbepromptlyinformedofanychargesagainsthim.

3.Anyonearrestedordetainedonacriminalchargeshallbebroughtpromptlybeforeajudgeorotherofficerauthorizedbylawtoexercisejudicialpowerandshallbeentitledtotrialwithinareasonabletimeortorelease.Itshallnotbethegeneralrulethatpersonsawaitingtrialshallbedetainedincustody,butreleasemaybesubjecttoguaranteestoappearfortrial,atanyotherstageofthejudicialproceedings,and,shouldoccasionarise,forexecutionofthejudgement.

4.Anyonewhoisdeprivedofhislibertybyarrestordetentionshallbeentitledtotakeproceedingsbeforeacourt,inorderthatthatcourtmaydecidewithoutdelayonthelawfulnessofhisdetentionandorderhisreleaseifthedetentionisnotlawful.

5.Anyonewhohasbeenthevictimofunlawfularrestordetentionshallhaveanenforceablerighttocompensation.

Article10

1.Allpersonsdeprivedoftheirlibertyshallbetreatedwithhumanityandwithrespectfortheinherentdignityofthehumanperson.

2.

(a)Accusedpersonsshall,saveinexceptionalcircumstances,besegregatedfromconvictedpersonsandshallbesubjecttoseparatetreatmentappropriatetotheirstatusasunconvictedpersons;

(b)Accusedjuvenilepersonsshallbeseparatedfromadultsandbroughtasspeedilyaspossibleforadjudication.

3.Thepenitentiarysystemshallcomprisetreatmentofprisonerstheessentialaimofwhichshallbetheirreformationandsocialrehabilitation.Juvenileoffendersshallbesegregatedfromadultsandbeaccordedtreatmentappropriatetotheirageandlegalstatus.

Article11

Nooneshallbeimprisonedmerelyonthegroundofinabilitytofulfilacontractualobligation.

Article12

1.EveryonelawfullywithintheterritoryofaStateshall,withinthatterritory,havetherighttolibertyofmovementandfreedomtochoosehisresidence.

2.Everyoneshallbefreetoleaveanycountry,includinghisown.

3.Theabove-mentionedrightsshallnotbesubjecttoanyrestrictionsexceptthosewhichareprovidedbylaw,arenecessarytoprotectnationalsecurity,publicorder(ordrepublic),publichealthormoralsortherightsandfreedomsofothers,andareconsistentwiththeotherrightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant.

4.Nooneshallbearbitrarilydeprivedoftherighttoenterhisowncountry.

Article13

AnalienlawfullyintheterritoryofaStatePartytothepresentCovenantmaybeexpelledtherefromonlyinpursuanceofadecisionreachedinaccordancewithlawandshall,exceptwherecompellingreasonsofnationalsecurityotherwiserequire,beallowedtosubmitthereasonsagainsthisexpulsionandtohavehiscasereviewedby,andberepresentedforthepurposebefore,

thecompetentauthorityorapersonorpersonsespeciallydesignatedbythecompetentauthority.  Article14

1.Allpersonsshallbeequalbeforethecourtsandtribunals.Inthedeterminationofanycriminalchargeagainsthim,orofhisrightsandobligationsinasuitatlaw,everyoneshallbeentitledtoafairandpublichearingbyacompetent,independentandimpartialtribunalestablishedbylaw.Thepressandthepublicmaybeexcludedfromallorpartofatrialforreasonsofmorals,publicorder(ordrepublic)ornationalsecurityinademocraticsociety,orwhentheinterestoftheprivatelivesofthepartiessorequires,ortotheextentstrictlynecessaryintheopinionofthecourtinspecialcircumstanceswherepublicitywouldprejudicetheinterestsofjustice;butanyjudgementrenderedinacriminalcaseorinasuitatlawshallbemadepublicexceptwheretheinterestofjuvenilepersonsotherwiserequiresortheproceedingsconcernmatrimonialdisputesortheguardianshipofchildren.

2.Everyonechargedwithacriminaloffenceshallhavetherighttobepresumedinnocentuntilprovedguiltyaccordingtolaw.

3.Inthedeterminationofanycriminalchargeagainsthim,everyoneshallbeentitledtothefollowingminimumguarantees,infullequality:

(a)Tobeinformedpromptlyandindetailinalanguagewhichheunderstandsofthenatureandcauseofthechargeagainsthim;

(b)Tohaveadequatetimeandfacilitiesforthepreparationofhisdefenceandtocommunicatewithcounselofhisownchoosing;

(c)Tobetriedwithoutunduedelay;

(d)Tobetriedinhispresence,andtodefendhimselfinpersonorthroughlegalassistanceofhisownchoosing;tobeinformed,ifhedoesnothavelegalassistance,ofthisright;andtohavelegalassistanceassignedtohim,inanycasewheretheinterestsofjusticesorequire,andwithoutpaymentbyhiminanysuchcaseifhedoesnothavesufficientmeanstopayforit;

(e)Toexamine,orhaveexamined,thewitnessesagainsthimandtoobtaintheattendanceandexaminationofwitnessesonhisbehalfunderthesameconditionsaswitnessesagainsthim;

(f)Tohavethefreeassistanceofaninterpreterifhecannotunderstandorspeakthelanguageusedincourt;

(g)Nottobecompelledtotestifyagainsthimselfortoconfessguilt.

4.Inthecaseofjuvenilepersons,theprocedureshallbesuchaswilltakeaccountoftheirageandthedesirabilityofpromotingtheirrehabilitation.

5.Everyoneconvictedofacrimeshallhavetherighttohisconvictionandsentencebeingreviewedbyahighertribunalaccordingtolaw.

6.Whenapersonhasbyafinaldecisionbeenconvictedofacriminaloffenceandwhensubsequentlyhisconvictionhasbeenreversedorhehasbeenpardonedonthegroundthatanewornewlydiscoveredfactshowsconclusivelythattherehasbeenamiscarriageofjustice,thepersonwhohassufferedpunishmentasaresultofsuchconvictionshallbecompensatedaccordingtolaw,unlessitisprovedthatthenon-disclosureoftheunknownfactintimeiswhollyorpartlyattributabletohim.

7.Nooneshallbeliabletobetriedorpunishedagainforanoffenceforwhichhehasalreadybeenfinallyconvictedoracquittedinaccordancewiththelawandpenalprocedureofeachcountry.

Article15

1.Nooneshallbeheldguiltyofanycriminaloffenceonaccountofanyactoromissionwhichdidnotconstituteacriminaloffence,undernationalorinternationallaw,atthetimewhenitwascommitted.Norshallaheavierpenaltybeimposedthantheonethatwasapplicableatthetimewhenthecriminaloffencewascommitted.If,subsequenttothecommissionoftheoffence,provisionismadebylawfortheimpositionofthelighterpenalty,theoffendershallbenefitthereby.

2.Nothinginthisarticleshallprejudicethetrialandpunishmentofanypersonforanyactoromissionwhich,atthetimewhenitwascommitted,wascriminalaccordingtothegeneralprinciplesoflawrecognizedbythecommunityofnations.

Article16

Everyoneshallhavetherighttorecognitioneverywhereasapersonbeforethelaw.  Article17

1.Nooneshallbesubjectedtoarbitraryorunlawfulinterferencewithhisprivacy,family,homeorcorrespondence,nortounlawfulattacksonhishonourandreputation.

2.Everyonehastherighttotheprotectionofthelawagainstsuchinterferenceorattacks.  Article18

1.Everyoneshallhavetherighttofreedomofthought,conscienceandreligion.Thisrightshallincludefreedomtohaveortoadoptareligionorbeliefofhischoice,andfreedom,eitherindividuallyorincommunitywithothersandinpublicorprivate,tomanifesthisreligionorbeliefinworship,observance,practiceandteaching.

2.Nooneshallbesubjecttocoercionwhichwouldimpairhisfreedomtohaveortoadoptareligionorbeliefofhischoice.

3.Freedomtomanifestone'sreligionorbeliefsmaybesubjectonlytosuchlimitationsasareprescribedbylawandarenecessarytoprotectpublicsafety,order,health,ormoralsorthefundamentalrightsandfreedomsofothers.

4.TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantundertaketohaverespectforthelibertyofparentsand,whenapplicable,legalguardianstoensurethereligiousandmoraleducationoftheirchildreninconformitywiththeirownconvictions.

Article19

1.Everyoneshallhavetherighttoholdopinionswithoutinterference.

2.Everyoneshallhavetherighttofreedomofexpression;thisrightshallincludefreedomtoseek,receiveandimpartinformationandideasofallkinds,regardlessoffrontiers,eitherorally,inwritingorinprint,intheformofart,orthroughanyothermediaofhischoice.

3.Theexerciseoftherightsprovidedforinparagraph2ofthisarticlecarrieswithitspecialdutiesandresponsibilities.Itmaythereforebesubjecttocertainrestrictions,buttheseshallonlybesuchasareprovidedbylawandarenecessary:

(a)Forrespectoftherightsorreputationsofothers;

(b)Fortheprotectionofnationalsecurityorofpublicorder(ordrepublic),orofpublichealthormorals.

Article20

1.Anypropagandaforwarshallbeprohibitedbylaw.

2.Anyadvocacyofnational,racialorreligioushatredthatconstitutesincitementtodiscrimination,hostilityorviolenceshallbeprohibitedbylaw.

Article21

Therightofpeacefulassemblyshallberecognized.Norestrictionsmaybeplacedontheexerciseofthisrightotherthanthoseimposedinconformitywiththelawandwhicharenecessaryinademocraticsocietyintheinterestsofnationalsecurityorpublicsafety,publicorder(ordrepublic),theprotectionofpublichealthormoralsortheprotectionoftherightsandfreedomsofothers.

Article22

1.Everyoneshallhavetherighttofreedomofassociationwithothers,includingtherighttoformandjointradeunionsfortheprotectionofhisinterests.

2.Norestrictionsmaybeplacedontheexerciseofthisrightotherthanthosewhichareprescribedbylawandwhicharenecessaryinademocraticsocietyintheinterestsofnationalsecurityorpublicsafety,publicorder(ordrepublic),theprotectionofpublichealthormoralsortheprotectionoftherightsandfreedomsofothers.Thisarticleshallnotpreventtheimpositionoflawfulrestrictionsonmembersofthearmedforcesandofthepoliceintheirexerciseofthisright.  3.NothinginthisarticleshallauthorizeStatesPartiestotheInternationalLabourOrganisationConventionof1948concerningFreedomofAssociationandProtectionoftheRighttoOrganizetotakelegislativemeasureswhichwouldprejudice,ortoapplythelawinsuchamannerastoprejudice,theguaranteesprovidedforinthatConvention.

Article23

1.ThefamilyisthenaturalandfundamentalgroupunitofsocietyandisentitledtoprotectionbysocietyandtheState.

2.Therightofmenandwomenofmarriageableagetomarryandtofoundafamilyshallberecognized.

3.Nomarriageshallbeenteredintowithoutthefreeandfullconsentoftheintendingspouses.

4.StatesPartiestothepresentCovenantshalltakeappropriatestepstoensureequalityofrightsandresponsibilitiesofspousesastomarriage,duringmarriageandatitsdissolution.Inthecaseofdissolution,provisionshallbemadeforthenecessaryprotectionofanychildren.  Article24

1.Everychildshallhave,withoutanydiscriminationastorace,colour,sex,language,religion,nationalorsocialorigin,propertyorbirth,therighttosuchmeasuresofprotectionasarerequiredbyhisstatusasaminor,onthepartofhisfamily,societyandtheState.

2.Everychildshallberegisteredimmediatelyafterbirthandshallhaveaname.

3.Everychildhastherighttoacquireanationality.

Article25

Everycitizenshallhavetherightandtheopportunity,withoutanyofthedistinctionsmentionedinarticle2andwithoutunreasonablerestrictions:

(a)Totakepartintheconductofpublicaffairs,directlyorthroughfreelychosenrepresentatives;

(b)Tovoteandtobeelectedatgenuineperiodicelectionswhichshallbebyuniversalandequalsuffrageandshallbeheldbysecretballot,guaranteeingthefreeexpressionofthewilloftheelectors;

(c)Tohaveaccess,ongeneraltermsofequality,topublicserviceinhiscountry.

Article26

Allpersonsareequalbeforethelawandareentitledwithoutanydiscriminationtotheequal

protectionofthelaw.Inthisrespect,thelawshallprohibitanydiscriminationandguaranteetoallpersonsequalandeffectiveprotectionagainstdiscriminationonanygroundsuchasrace,colour,sex,language,religion,politicalorotheropinion,nationalorsocialorigin,property,birthorotherstatus.

Article27

InthoseStatesinwhichethnic,religiousorlinguisticminoritiesexist,personsbelongingtosuchminoritiesshallnotbedeniedtheright,incommunitywiththeothermembersoftheirgroup,toenjoytheirownculture,toprofessandpractisetheirownreligion,ortousetheirownlanguage.

PARTIV

Article28

1.ThereshallbeestablishedaHumanRightsCommittee(hereafterreferredtointhepresentCovenantastheCommittee).Itshallconsistofeighteenmembersandshallcarryoutthefunctionshereinafterprovided.

2.TheCommitteeshallbecomposedofnationalsoftheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantwhoshallbepersonsofhighmoralcharacterandrecognizedcompetenceinthefieldofhumanrights,considerationbeinggiventotheusefulnessoftheparticipationofsomepersonshavinglegalexperience.

3.ThemembersoftheCommitteeshallbeelectedandshallserveintheirpersonalcapacity.  Article29

1.ThemembersoftheCommitteeshallbeelectedbysecretballotfromalistofpersonspossessingthequalificationsprescribedinarticle28andnominatedforthepurposebytheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant.

2.EachStatePartytothepresentCovenantmaynominatenotmorethantwopersons.ThesepersonsshallbenationalsofthenominatingState.

3.Apersonshallbeeligibleforrenomination.

Article30

1.TheinitialelectionshallbeheldnolaterthansixmonthsafterthedateoftheentryintoforceofthepresentCovenant.

2.AtleastfourmonthsbeforethedateofeachelectiontotheCommittee,otherthananelectiontofillavacancydeclaredinaccordancewitharticle34,theSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshalladdressawritteninvitationtotheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenanttosubmittheirnominationsformembershipoftheCommitteewithinthreemonths.

3.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallpreparealistinalphabeticalorderofallthepersonsthusnominated,withanindicationoftheStatesPartieswhichhavenominatedthem,andshallsubmitittotheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantnolaterthanonemonthbeforethedateofeachelection.

4.ElectionsofthemembersoftheCommitteeshallbeheldatameetingoftheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantconvenedbytheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNationsattheHeadquartersoftheUnitedNations.Atthatmeeting,forwhichtwothirdsoftheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantshallconstituteaquorum,thepersonselectedtotheCommitteeshallbethosenomineeswhoobtainthelargestnumberofvotesandanabsolutemajorityofthevotesoftherepresentativesofStatesPartiespresentandvoting.

Article31

1.TheCommitteemaynotincludemorethanonenationalofthesameState.

2.IntheelectionoftheCommittee,considerationshallbegiventoequitablegeographicaldistributionofmembershipandtotherepresentationofthedifferentformsofcivilizationandoftheprincipallegalsystems.

Article32

1.ThemembersoftheCommitteeshallbeelectedforatermoffouryears.Theyshallbeeligibleforre-electionifrenominated.However,thetermsofnineofthememberselectedatthefirstelectionshallexpireattheendoftwoyears;immediatelyafterthefirstelection,thenamesoftheseninemembersshallbechosenbylotbytheChairmanofthemeetingreferredtoinarticle30,paragraph4.

2.ElectionsattheexpiryofofficeshallbeheldinaccordancewiththeprecedingarticlesofthispartofthepresentCovenant.

Article33

1.If,intheunanimousopinionoftheothermembers,amemberoftheCommitteehasceasedtocarryouthisfunctionsforanycauseotherthanabsenceofatemporarycharacter,theChairmanoftheCommitteeshallnotifytheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,whoshallthendeclaretheseatofthatmembertobevacant.

2.IntheeventofthedeathortheresignationofamemberoftheCommittee,theChairmanshallimmediatelynotifytheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,whoshalldeclaretheseatvacantfromthedateofdeathorthedateonwhichtheresignationtakeseffect.

Article34

1.Whenavacancyisdeclaredinaccordancewitharticle33andifthetermofofficeofthemembertobereplaceddoesnotexpirewithinsixmonthsofthedeclarationofthevacancy,theSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallnotifyeachoftheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,whichmaywithintwomonthssubmitnominationsinaccordancewitharticle29forthepurposeoffillingthevacancy.

2.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallpreparealistinalphabeticalorderofthepersonsthusnominatedandshallsubmitittotheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant.TheelectiontofillthevacancyshallthentakeplaceinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsofthispartofthepresentCovenant.

3.AmemberoftheCommitteeelectedtofillavacancydeclaredinaccordancewitharticle33shallholdofficefortheremainderofthetermofthememberwhovacatedtheseatontheCommitteeundertheprovisionsofthatarticle.

Article35

ThemembersoftheCommitteeshall,withtheapprovaloftheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations,receiveemolumentsfromUnitedNationsresourcesonsuchtermsandconditionsastheGeneralAssemblymaydecide,havingregardtotheimportanceoftheCommittee'sresponsibilities.

Article36

TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallprovidethenecessarystaffandfacilitiesfortheeffectiveperformanceofthefunctionsoftheCommitteeunderthepresentCovenant.  Article37

1.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallconvenetheinitialmeetingofthe

CommitteeattheHeadquartersoftheUnitedNations.

2.Afteritsinitialmeeting,theCommitteeshallmeetatsuchtimesasshallbeprovidedinitsrulesofprocedure.

3.TheCommitteeshallnormallymeetattheHeadquartersoftheUnitedNationsorattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGeneva.

Article38

EverymemberoftheCommitteeshall,beforetakinguphisduties,makeasolemndeclarationinopencommitteethathewillperformhisfunctionsimpartiallyandconscientiously.  Article39

1.TheCommitteeshallelectitsofficersforatermoftwoyears.Theymaybere-elected.

2.TheCommitteeshallestablishitsownrulesofprocedure,buttheserulesshallprovide,interalia,that:

(a)Twelvemembersshallconstituteaquorum;

(b)DecisionsoftheCommitteeshallbemadebyamajorityvoteofthememberspresent.  Article40

1.TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantundertaketosubmitreportsonthemeasurestheyhaveadoptedwhichgiveeffecttotherightsrecognizedhereinandontheprogressmadeintheenjoymentofthoserights:

(a)WithinoneyearoftheentryintoforceofthepresentCovenantfortheStatesPartiesconcerned;

(b)ThereafterwhenevertheCommitteesorequests.

2.AllreportsshallbesubmittedtotheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,whoshalltransmitthemtotheCommitteeforconsideration.Reportsshallindicatethefactorsanddifficulties,ifany,affectingtheimplementationofthepresentCovenant.

3.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsmay,afterconsultationwiththeCommittee,transmittothespecializedagenciesconcernedcopiesofsuchpartsofthereportsasmayfallwithintheirfieldofcompetence.

4.TheCommitteeshallstudythereportssubmittedbytheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant.Itshalltransmititsreports,andsuchgeneralcommentsasitmayconsiderappropriate,totheStatesParties.TheCommitteemayalsotransmittotheEconomicandSocialCouncilthesecommentsalongwiththecopiesofthereportsithasreceivedfromStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant.

5.TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantmaysubmittotheCommitteeobservationsonanycommentsthatmaybemadeinaccordancewithparagraph4ofthisarticle.

Article41

1.AStatePartytothepresentCovenantmayatanytimedeclareunderthisarticlethatitrecognizesthecompetenceoftheCommitteetoreceiveandconsidercommunicationstotheeffectthataStatePartyclaimsthatanotherStatePartyisnotfulfillingitsobligationsunderthepresentCovenant.CommunicationsunderthisarticlemaybereceivedandconsideredonlyifsubmittedbyaStatePartywhichhasmadeadeclarationrecognizinginregardtoitselfthecompetenceoftheCommittee.NocommunicationshallbereceivedbytheCommitteeifitconcernsaStatePartywhichhasnotmadesuchadeclaration.Communicationsreceivedunderthisarticleshallbedealtwithinaccordancewiththefollowingprocedure:

(a)IfaStatePartytothepresentCovenantconsidersthatanotherStatePartyisnotgiving

effecttotheprovisionsofthepresentCovenant,itmay,bywrittencommunication,bringthemattertotheattentionofthatStateParty.WithinthreemonthsafterthereceiptofthecommunicationthereceivingStateshallaffordtheStatewhichsentthecommunicationanexplanation,oranyotherstatementinwritingclarifyingthematterwhichshouldinclude,totheextentpossibleandpertinent,referencetodomesticproceduresandremediestaken,pending,oravailableinthematter;

(b)IfthematterisnotadjustedtothesatisfactionofbothStatesPartiesconcernedwithinsixmonthsafterthereceiptbythereceivingStateoftheinitialcommunication,eitherStateshallhavetherighttoreferthemattertotheCommittee,bynoticegiventotheCommitteeandtotheotherState;

(c)TheCommitteeshalldealwithamatterreferredtoitonlyafterithasascertainedthatallavailabledomesticremedieshavebeeninvokedandexhaustedinthematter,inconformitywiththegenerallyrecognizedprinciplesofinternationallaw.Thisshallnotbetherulewheretheapplicationoftheremediesisunreasonablyprolonged;

(d)TheCommitteeshallholdclosedmeetingswhenexaminingcommunicationsunderthisarticle;

(e)Subjecttotheprovisionsofsubparagraph(c),theCommitteeshallmakeavailableitsgoodofficestotheStatesPartiesconcernedwithaviewtoafriendlysolutionofthematteronthebasisofrespectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsasrecognizedinthepresentCovenant;

(f)Inanymatterreferredtoit,theCommitteemaycallupontheStatesPartiesconcerned,referredtoinsubparagraph(b),tosupplyanyrelevantinformation;

(g)TheStatesPartiesconcerned,referredtoinsubparagraph(b),shallhavetherighttoberepresentedwhenthematterisbeingconsideredintheCommitteeandtomakesubmissionsorallyand/orinwriting;

(h)TheCommitteeshall,withintwelvemonthsafterthedateofreceiptofnoticeundersubparagraph(b),submitareport:

(i)Ifasolutionwithinthetermsofsubparagraph(e)isreached,theCommitteeshallconfineitsreporttoabriefstatementofthefactsandofthesolutionreached;

(ii)Ifasolutionwithinthetermsofsubparagraph(e)isnotreached,theCommitteeshallconfineitsreporttoabriefstatementofthefacts;thewrittensubmissionsandrecordoftheoralsubmissionsmadebytheStatesPartiesconcernedshallbeattachedtothereport.Ineverymatter,thereportshallbecommunicatedtotheStatesPartiesconcerned.

2.TheprovisionsofthisarticleshallcomeintoforcewhentenStatesPartiestothepresentCovenanthavemadedeclarationsunderparagraphIofthisarticle.SuchdeclarationsshallbedepositedbytheStatesPartieswiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,whoshalltransmitcopiesthereoftotheotherStatesParties.AdeclarationmaybewithdrawnatanytimebynotificationtotheSecretary-General.Suchawithdrawalshallnotprejudicetheconsiderationofanymatterwhichisthesubjectofacommunicationalreadytransmittedunderthisarticle;nofurthercommunicationbyanyStatePartyshallbereceivedafterthenotificationofwithdrawalofthedeclarationhasbeenreceivedbytheSecretary-General,unlesstheStatePartyconcernedhasmadeanewdeclaration.

Article42

1.

(a)IfamatterreferredtotheCommitteeinaccordancewitharticle41isnotresolvedtothesatisfactionoftheStatesPartiesconcerned,theCommitteemay,withthepriorconsentoftheStatesPartiesconcerned,appointanadhocConciliationCommission(hereinafterreferredtoastheCommission).ThegoodofficesoftheCommissionshallbemadeavailabletotheStatesPartiesconcernedwithaviewtoanamicablesolutionofthematteronthebasisofrespectforthepresentCovenant;

(b)TheCommissionshallconsistoffivepersonsacceptabletotheStatesPartiesconcerned.IftheStatesPartiesconcernedfailtoreachagreementwithinthreemonthsonallorpartofthecompositionoftheCommission,themembersoftheCommissionconcerningwhomnoagreementhasbeenreachedshallbeelectedbysecretballotbyatwo-thirdsmajorityvoteoftheCommitteefromamongitsmembers.

2.ThemembersoftheCommissionshallserveintheirpersonalcapacity.TheyshallnotbenationalsoftheStatesPartiesconcerned,orofaStatenotPartytothepresentCovenant,orofaStatePartywhichhasnotmadeadeclarationunderarticle41.

3.TheCommissionshallelectitsownChairmanandadoptitsownrulesofprocedure.

4.ThemeetingsoftheCommissionshallnormallybeheldattheHeadquartersoftheUnitedNationsorattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGeneva.However,theymaybeheldatsuchotherconvenientplacesastheCommissionmaydetermineinconsultationwiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsandtheStatesPartiesconcerned.

5.Thesecretariatprovidedinaccordancewitharticle36shallalsoservicethecommissionsappointedunderthisarticle.

6.TheinformationreceivedandcollatedbytheCommitteeshallbemadeavailabletotheCommissionandtheCommissionmaycallupontheStatesPartiesconcernedtosupplyanyotherrelevantinformation.

7.WhentheCommissionhasfullyconsideredthematter,butinanyeventnotlaterthantwelvemonthsafterhavingbeenseizedofthematter,itshallsubmittotheChairmanoftheCommitteeareportforcommunicationtotheStatesPartiesconcerned:

(a)IftheCommissionisunabletocompleteitsconsiderationofthematterwithintwelvemonths,itshallconfineitsreporttoabriefstatementofthestatusofitsconsiderationofthematter;

(b)IfanamicablesolutiontothematterontiebasisofrespectforhumanrightsasrecognizedinthepresentCovenantisreached,theCommissionshallconfineitsreporttoabriefstatementofthefactsandofthesolutionreached;

(c)Ifasolutionwithinthetermsofsubparagraph(b)isnotreached,theCommission'sreportshallembodyitsfindingsonallquestionsoffactrelevanttotheissuesbetweentheStatesPartiesconcerned,anditsviewsonthepossibilitiesofanamicablesolutionofthematter.ThisreportshallalsocontainthewrittensubmissionsandarecordoftheoralsubmissionsmadebytheStatesPartiesconcerned;

(d)IftheCommission'sreportissubmittedundersubparagraph(c),theStatesPartiesconcernedshall,withinthreemonthsofthereceiptofthereport,notifytheChairmanoftheCommitteewhetherornottheyacceptthecontentsofthereportoftheCommission.

8.TheprovisionsofthisarticlearewithoutprejudicetotheresponsibilitiesoftheCommitteeunderarticle41.

9.TheStatesPartiesconcernedshallshareequallyalltheexpensesofthemembersoftheCommissioninaccordancewithestimatestobeprovidedbytheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.

10.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallbeempoweredtopaytheexpensesofthemembersoftheCommission,ifnecessary,beforereimbursementbytheStatesPartiesconcerned,inaccordancewithparagraph9ofthisarticle.

Article43

ThemembersoftheCommittee,andoftheadhocconciliationcommissionswhichmaybeappointedunderarticle42,shallbeentitledtothefacilities,privilegesandimmunitiesofexpertsonmissionfortheUnitedNationsaslaiddownintherelevantsectionsoftheConventiononthePrivilegesandImmunitiesoftheUnitedNations.

Article44

TheprovisionsfortheimplementationofthepresentCovenantshallapplywithoutprejudicetotheproceduresprescribedinthefieldofhumanrightsbyorundertheconstituentinstrumentsandtheconventionsoftheUnitedNationsandofthespecializedagenciesandshallnotpreventtheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantfromhavingrecoursetootherproceduresforsettlingadisputeinaccordancewithgeneralorspecialinternationalagreementsinforcebetweenthem.  Article45

TheCommitteeshallsubmittotheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations,throughtheEconomicandSocialCouncil,anannualreportonitsactivities.

PARTV

Article46

NothinginthepresentCovenantshallbeinterpretedasimpairingtheprovisionsoftheCharteroftheUnitedNationsandoftheconstitutionsofthespecializedagencieswhichdefinetherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthevariousorgansoftheUnitedNationsandofthespecializedagenciesinregardtothemattersdealtwithinthepresentCovenant.

Article47

NothinginthepresentCovenantshallbeinterpretedasimpairingtheinherentrightofallpeoplestoenjoyandutilizefullyandfreelytheirnaturalwealthandresources.

PARTVI

Article48

1.ThepresentCovenantisopenforsignaturebyanyStateMemberoftheUnitedNationsormemberofanyofitsspecializedagencies,byanyStatePartytotheStatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJustice,andbyanyotherStatewhichhasbeeninvitedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationstobecomeaPartytothepresentCovenant.

2.ThepresentCovenantissubjecttoratification.InstrumentsofratificationshallbedepositedwiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.

3.ThepresentCovenantshallbeopentoaccessionbyanyStatereferredtoinparagraph1ofthisarticle.

4.AccessionshallbeeffectedbythedepositofaninstrumentofaccessionwiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.

5.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallinformallStateswhichhavesignedthis

Covenantoraccededtoitofthedepositofeachinstrumentofratificationoraccession.

Article49

1.ThepresentCovenantshallenterintoforcethreemonthsafterthedateofthedepositwiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsofthethirty-fifthinstrumentofratificationorinstrumentofaccession.

2.ForeachStateratifyingthepresentCovenantoraccedingtoitafterthedepositofthethirty-fifthinstrumentofratificationorinstrumentofaccession,thepresentCovenantshallenterintoforcethreemonthsafterthedateofthedepositofitsowninstrumentofratificationorinstrumentofaccession.

Article50

TheprovisionsofthepresentCovenantshallextendtoallpartsoffederalStateswithoutanylimitationsorexceptions.

Article51

1.AnyStatePartytothepresentCovenantmayproposeanamendmentandfileitwiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallthereuponcommunicateanyproposedamendmentstotheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantwitharequestthattheynotifyhimwhethertheyfavouraconferenceofStatesPartiesforthepurposeofconsideringandvotingupontheproposals.IntheeventthatatleastonethirdoftheStatesPartiesfavourssuchaconference,theSecretary-GeneralshallconvenetheconferenceundertheauspicesoftheUnitedNations.AnyamendmentadoptedbyamajorityoftheStatesPartiespresentandvotingattheconferenceshallbesubmittedtotheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationsforapproval.

2.AmendmentsshallcomeintoforcewhentheyhavebeenapprovedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationsandacceptedbyatwo-thirdsmajorityoftheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantinaccordancewiththeirrespectiveconstitutionalprocesses.3.Whenamendmentscomeintoforce,theyshallbebindingonthoseStatesPartieswhichhaveacceptedthem,otherStatesPartiesstillbeingboundbytheprovisionsofthepresentCovenantandanyearlieramendmentwhichtheyhaveaccepted.

Article52

1.Irrespectiveofthenotificationsmadeunderarticle48,paragraph5,theSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallinformallStatesreferredtoinparagraphIofthesamearticleofthefollowingparticulars:

(a)Signatures,ratificationsandaccessionsunderarticle48;

(b)ThedateoftheentryintoforceofthepresentCovenantunderarticle49andthedateoftheentryintoforceofanyamendmentsunderarticle51.

Article53

1.ThepresentCovenant,ofwhichtheChinese,English,French,RussianandSpanishtextsareequallyauthentic,shallbedepositedinthearchivesoftheUnitedNations.

2.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshalltransmitcertifiedcopiesofthepresentCovenanttoallStatesreferredtoinarticle48.