零基础英语班
零基础英语班讲义
七年级(上)
一、 相关知识点
1. also 、either 、too 、as well 表示“也”区别
also 可以用在句中、句首,肯定句否定句都可以
either 用在句末,用逗号隔开,只用在否定疑问句中
too 用在句末,用逗号隔开,只用在肯定句中
as well 常可以和too 互换,只是用在句末不用逗号隔开
2. Miss 、Mrs 、Ms 、Mr 区别
Miss “小姐”常指未婚女士,还可用来表示对女老师的称呼 Mrs “夫人”常指已婚女士
Ms “女士”指不明婚姻状况,或者没有必要说明其婚姻状况 Mr “先生”指所有的男士,可以用来表示对男老师的称呼 注意:这四个词首字母都要大写,与姓氏名词连用不可以单独使用。
3. same “相同的”与定冠词the 连用,后接名称单数 different “不同的”无定冠词,后接名称复数
4. favorite adj. “最喜欢的”无比较级和最高级
5. wide mouth “大嘴”;而 big mouth “多嘴多舌”
6. both “两者都……” all “三者或三者以上都……” both … and “二者都……”
either …or “或者…或者”
neither …nor “既不…也不…”
7. look like “看起来像”
look the same “看起来一样”
8. “帮助某人做某事” Help sb. (to) do/with sth.
9. have a seat =take a seat =sit down“请坐”
10. f orget/remember+ to do sth. “忘了/记得 要做某事(没做)” doing sth. “忘了/记得 做过某事(做完了)”
11. o n one’s way home “在某人回家的路上”
12. f ind “寻找(的结果)” look for “寻找(的过程)”
13. t hank sb. for doing sth. “感谢某人做某事”
14. I t ’s time to do sth. “到了该做某事的时候了”
15. 询问某人的职业
What do/does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What is one’s job?
16. l ook after = take care of “照看、照顾”
17. h elp oneself to… “随便吃/喝……”
18. e at out“在外面吃”; eat in“在家吃”; eat up“吃光、吃完”
19. w hat can I do for you?= can I help you? “我能为你做些什么”
20. t ry …on “试穿”当宾语是名词放在中间和后面都可以,但如果是代词 it 、them 一定要放在中间。
21. H ow do you like…? = What do you think of…?
“你认为…怎么样?”
22. “怎么了?”what ’s wrong? = what’s the matter? = what’s up?
24. 时间的表达法(顺读法和逆读法)
练习题
1. I like the pants. Can I ________?
A try it on B try them on C try on it D try on them
2. My parents ______ office workers.
A are all B are both C all are D both are
3. It’s time ______now.
A go to school B go home
C to go to the home D to go to the zoo
4. Her parents are both______.
A cook B cooks C cooker D cookers
5. Help yourself _____ some fish.
A to B with C in D on
6. The boy ______ his father.
A is look B looks C looks like D looks the same
7. Don’t forget ______ your schoolbag home.
A take B to take C bring D to bring
8. That boy is Tom. ______ are good friends.
A I and he B He and me C I and him D He and I
9. Tom and I ______ big eyes and wide mouths.
A are both B both are C have both D both have
10. —What would you like, tea or orange ?
—_______thanks, I want water.
A all B both C neither D either
二、重点语法
1. 词类及基本句型
名词:表示人、食物或抽象概念的名称
动词:表示动作或状态(及物动词和不及物动词)
形容词:修饰名词、代词。“……的”
副词:修饰动词、形容词。“……地”
基本句型一:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
基本句型二:主语+谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语
基本句型三:主语+系动词+表语
基本句型四:主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
基本句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
基本句型六:There be 句型
练习:1. He made the boy laugh.
2. Tom’s mother sounded worried.
3. My father often reads newspaper after supper.
4. We gave them some money.
5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
6. All of us considered him honest.
7. Classes begin at eight every day.
8. The report sounds interesting.
9. Would you please pass me the dictionary?
10. The pain made him cry out.
11. You should study hard.
12. Her job is to look after the children in the hospital.
13. They push the door open.
2. 名词的分类及数
(1
)名词 可数名词
不可数名词
专有名词 表人、地方、机构、事物、组织的专用名称
(2)名词变复数的规则
(3)特殊的名词变复数
(4)单复数相同
fish chicken fruit deer sheep means(方式) Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese works(工厂)crossroads (十字路口)head (牲畜数量“头”)
(5)名词形式上是单数,意义上是复数
cattle 牛(总称)、people 人民、police 警察、staff 全体员工
(6)学科类名词,形式上是复数,意义上是单数
politics 政治; physics 物理; maths 数学
(7)不可数名词
常见易错:advice 建议; furniture家具; equipment设备;fun 乐趣;information 信息;paper 纸;work 工作;progress 进步;traffic 交通;housework 家务劳动;wealth 财富。
(8)有些名词既可做可数又可做不可数
3. 名词所有格
(1)有生命的在词尾加“’s ”;无生命的用“of +名词”
(2)双重所有格构成
a/an/this/that + 名词 + of +名词性物主代词/名词所有格 注意:of 前的名词一定要有a/an/this/that等限定词
of 前的名词不能是专有名词
of 后的名词必须是特定的指认的名词
如:these books of my friend’s
a friend of my father’s
a friend of mine
练习题
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s C. teacher’s D. the teachers’
2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.
A. the room window B. the room’s window
C. the room of the window D. the window of room
3. How many___ would you like?
A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread
4. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers
5. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.
A. woman B. women C. woman’s D. women’s
6. He is old , but he has ___to do every day.
A. a lot of work B. much works
C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks
7. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album.
A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps
8. Yesterday I went to the market and bought a lot of ___.
A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats
9. Today is September 10th . It’s ______ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A Teachers B Teachers’ C the Teachers’ D Teacher’s
10.----Where ’s your father?
----- At ______.
A Mr Green’s B Mr Green C the Mr Green’s D Mr Greens
11. He found two ____ in the room.
A photos B heros C tomatos D potatos
12.This table is made of ______.
A many glass B glasses C some glasses D glass
13.Please remember to give the horse some tree ______.
A leafs B lesves C leaf D leave
14.The son asked his mother to buy _____ glasses for him.
A a type of B a pile of C a piece of D a pair of
15.There is a ______ of wood left on the ground.
A cup B piece C box D pair
16.---- What do you think of the _____ there?
------ They are very delicious.
A cakes B meat C rice D milk
4. 常用的时态:一般现在、过去、将来时
(1)一般现在时
用法:表示经常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状态;客观真理 构成:主语+be动词(am 、is 、are )+表语
主语(单三)+动词实义动词(s/es)
时间状语:often 、usually 、every (day 、week 、month )
(2)一般过去时
用法:表示过去技经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态 构成:主语+be动词(was 、were )+表语
主语+动词过去式
时间状语:yesterday 、at that time、last (week 、month 、year )
(3)一般将来时
用法:表示将要发生的事情或存在的事情
构成:主语+will/shall(第一人称)+动词原形
表示未经事先思考的意图,表明说话者的观点、主观意识
主语+be going to+动词原形
表示已经决定或安排要做的事,客观迹象表明必然或可能发生的事,表示自然现象 主语+be to+动词原形
表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务必须去做或即将发生的动作
主语+ be about to+动词原形(常与when 连用)
表示主观要做的事,常与when 连用
练习
1.----Nancy is not coming to the party tonight.
-----But she _____ me she’d love to.
A tells B told C will tell D is going to tell
2. If I find his telephone number,I ______ you.
A tell B told C is telling D will tell
3.Jim ___ to work in his home after he graduated from university.
A goes B went C will go D have gone
4.Keep practicing and you _____ your English.
A improve B will improve C improving D improves
5.-----When ____ Jim _____ to New York?
-----Yesterday
A does; get B did; get C will; get D has; got
6.Teacher told us the earth ______ around the sun.
A travelled B travels C will travel D travelling
7. ----Ann is in hospital.
---- I ____ , I _____ her.
A didn’t know; will see B knows; will see
C knows ;sees D didn’t know; saw
七年级(下)
一、相关知识点
1. 频度副词:always 、usually 、often 、sometimes 、seldom 、never How often 多久一次,对频率提问
2.have a rest = have a break
3.on time 按时;in time 及时
4. What day is it today?询问星期
What is the date today? 询问日期
5.what do you think of „ = how do you like„?
你认为„„怎么样?
6.obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
7.what else?还有什么吗?
else “别的、其他的”常置于疑问代词或不定代词后面
8.learn „ from 从„中学习„
9.in front of 在„的前面(范围之内)
in the front of在„的前面(范围之外)
10.on the wall 在墙的表面
in the wall 在墙的内部
11.get a letter from sb.= hear from “收到某人来信”
12.hear/see sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事(全过程) doing sth 听见/看见某人正在某事
13.lose one’s life “丧失,失去生命”
14.It ’s one ’s turn to do sth. “轮到某人该做某事了”
15.what time、when “什么时候”
what time 通常对几点几分提问;when 可以对年月日提问
16.hundred 、thousand 词,前面有明确数字时,不加s 和of 当前面没有明确数字时,既可加s 又可加of
17.to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是......
18.be good at /do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
19.have a good/nice/wonderful time= have fun
20.not any more = no more “不再”(动作)
not any longer = no longer “不再”(时间)
21.with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在...... 的帮助下
22.at once = right now 立刻、马上
23.tell sb. a lie 撒谎; tell sb. the truth 说实话
24.make a wish 许愿
25.What ’s the weather like...? ... 的天气怎么样?
How ’s the weather in ....?
26.It is diffcult/ hard to do sth. 做某事是很困难的
27.had better do sth. 最好做某事
28.It is the best time to do sth. 是做某事的最好时间了
29. 常见的系动词:
1)状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be 一词
2)持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand
3)表像系动词,用来表示" 看起来像" 这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look,
4)感官系动词,感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,
5)变化系动词,这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
30.come back to life复苏、苏醒、复活
31.be busy doing sth./ with sth. 忙于某事
32.places of interest 名胜古迹
33.put on 穿上—— take off 脱下
34.prepare for 为... 做准备
35.stay up 熬夜不睡
36.two days’holiday = two--day holiday 两天的假期
练习题
1.There is a picture _______ the tree.
A in B on C at D to
2.There are ______ apples at home. Let’s go and buy some.
A few B a few C little D a little
3. — ______ was the weather yesterday?
— It was ______.
A. What, rain
C. How, rain B. What, rainy D. How, rainy
4.Every year ______ people get hurt in road accidents.
A. thousand of
C. thousands B. two thousands D. thousands of
5.This summer we will have a ________ holiday.
A two month holiday B two months holiday
C two--month holiday D two--months holiday
6.Don ’t do it _______ !It ’s too dangerous!
A not more B no more C not any longer D no longer
7.I often hear someone ______ in the next room.
A sing B sings C singing D to sing
8.A lot of plants come back ______ life in ______.
A in;winter B at; summer C to;spring D for;spring
9.You ’d better ______ park your car here.
A don’t B not C not to D to not
10. —Don ’t always _______ to midnight. It’s not good for you. —OK, I will go to bed early.
A sleep B stay up C wake up D wake
11. —What do you prepare ______ May Day?
—I prepare _______ some special food.
A for;/ B with; for C for; for D /;for
12. —What do you ______ Beijing?
—It ’s _______ warm there.
A like B think C think of D like for
13.Mr Lee lives ______ Mrs Zhang and Mr Wang.
A behind B in front of C between D on the left of
14. —Have a good trip,Maria !
—________________.
A It doesn’t matter B Thank you
C That’s OK D Me, too
二、代词
(一)、人称代词的用法
1. 人称代词的人称、数和格。
2. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。 如:I like table tennis. (作主语) Do you know him?(作宾语)
3. 人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:---Whos is knocking at the door? ---It ’4. 人称代词在than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:
(二)、物主代词的用法
1. 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。 例如:4. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语) (作表语)--- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. (作宾语)
用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag.
2. Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.
3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s?
---Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn’t it?
4. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack.
5. ---Who taught your brother to surf?
---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he).
6. Their English teacher is from America, but ______ (we) is from England.
7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ ( I ).
8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _____ (you)? ---Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.
9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ (he)?
10. Did you enjoy _______ (you), Mary and Kate?
(三)反身代词的用法
英语中用来表示“„„自己”,等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2. 作表语。
It doesn‘t matter.I ’ll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes=I washed the clothes myself. (作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语) I -------- myself 我自己 you ---- yourself 你自己 he ------ himself 他自己 she ----- herself 她自己 it -------- itself 它自己 we ----- ourselves 我们自己 you ---- yourselves 你们自己 they ---- themselves 他们自己
1. by oneself 单独的;独自的 2. enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
3. help oneself to „ 自用 4. dress oneself 自己穿衣服
5. say to oneself 自言自语
6. teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学
(四) 指示代词的用法
指示代词包括:this ,that ,these ,those 。
1.this 和these 指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,
that 和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人, 例:This is a pen and that is a pencil. .
.
2. 有时that 和those 指前面讲到过的事物,
this 和these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物
例:I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. What I want to say is .
3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that 或those 代替
例Shanghai .
4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。
例:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
(五)疑问代词的用法
疑问代词有who ,whom ,whose ,what 和which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。
(作主语) (作表语) (作定语) 作宾语)
(六)不定代词的用法
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,不定代词有:some, any , many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either„在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
(七) 相互代词的用法
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another 两种形 式。在当代英语中,each other 和one another 没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。
We should learn from each other / one another. (宾语) Do you often write to each other / one another? (宾语) We often borrow each other's / one another's books. 定语
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. (作定语)
1 These are ___books. Yours are over there.
A I B my C me D mine
2 —___ is she? — She is a teacher.
A What B How C Who D Where 3___ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped___.
A Something, working B Something, to work
C Any thing, working D Anything, to work
4 Mary, help ___to the bananas, please.
A you B your C yourself D yourselves
5 —___ do you go to school every day? — By bus.
A How B Why C When D Where 6 My skirt is___ popular than___.
A much, her B much, hers
C more, her D more, hers
7 — Can you speak English?
— Yes, but only___.
A few B a few C little D a little 8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of___.
A I B me C my D mine
9 “ ___do you hear from your parents?”
“About once a month.”
A How long B How many
C How often D How much
10 Mr Green wouldn't say ___at the meeting.
A everything B nothing C anything D something 11 “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ___to eat.” “Good idea!”
A anything nice B nice anything
C something nice D nice something
12 — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? — I don't mind. ___time is OK.
A Some B Neither C Either D Both 13 This is not her kite, but ___.
A he ‘s B him C he D his
14 Don't worry, Mum! ___ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.
A No B Many C Those D Two
三、数词
(一)分类
1. 基数词:表示数目多少;序数词:表示先后顺序。
基数词变序数词:
1) 序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second和third, 其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加th
2) fifth(第五) 、 eigth (第八) 、 ninth (第九) 和twelfth (第十二)
3) 二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时, 要把y 变成ie 再加-th 。例如: twenty→ twentieth forty→ fortieth
4) 基数词几十几变成序数词时, 表示几十的数词不变, 只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。
例如: twenty-one→ twenty-first forty-five→ forty-fifth
5) 第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加th 构成。
例如:第一百→hundredth ; 第一千→thousandth;
第一百万→millionth 第十亿→billionth
6)序数词的缩略是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成 例如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th