英语国际音标表[1]
英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)
长元音 /ɑ:/ 短元音 / ʌ/ 双元音 /eɪ/
/ɔ:/ / ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/ /ɒ/ /æ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/
辅音(28个)
轻辅音
浊辅音 轻辅音 浊辅音 鼻音 半元音 边音
/p/ /b/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /m/ / j/ / ǀ/
/ t/ /d/ / h/ / r/ /n/ / w/
/ k/ /g/ /ts/ /dz/ /ŋ/
/f/ /v/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/
/θ/ /ð/ /tr/ /dr/
/s/ /z/
1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u
2) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.
3)音标:音素加中括号“[]”或双斜线“//”构成音标,如[dæd]
4) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
5) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 6) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple ,stu'dent ,tea'cher ,un'der'stand 。 7) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
关于音标(音素)的语法知识
英语单词是由字母组成的,而字母又构成音节,音节的核心是元音,由一个
或几个元音字母代表。根据单词所含的音节,把单词分为单音节词、双音节词和多音节词。怎样区分多音节单词的音节办法只有一个:那就是看一个单词的读音中有多少个元音音素。有多少个元音音素就有多少个音节。单词音节的个数是单词读音时元音音素的个数所决定的。但有一点需要交待一下,这里讲的规律并没有把成音节单词包含在内。成节音[l][m][n]在一些单词词尾音节中充当元音与相邻辅音也能构成音节。
英语音标及字母组合对照
1. 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei (eo ey i)
ee: three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
ea: eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak e: he she me
ie, ei, i: piece receive ceiling 2) [ i ]发音字母 i y e ui u a
i : sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build y: myth many twenty happy dictionary e: defect decide delicious 3) [ æ ] 发音字母 a
a: bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a (ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay ) ea: head bread pleasure
e: elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed a: many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
ir: girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
ur: turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger ear: learn earn earth heard er: term her nerd serve or: work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
er: teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder or: doctor actor mayor author tractor ou: delicious gracious pleasure ar: familiar collar dollar
o: together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington a: around account ago elephant manta banana Canada e: men listen
u: famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
ar: car farm card arm garden
a: fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [ ʌ ] 发音字母 u o ou oo
u: up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus o: come mother dose brother love above ou: trouble rough flourish oo: blood flood
9) [ɔ: ]字母组合 al or au our ar
al: small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
or: short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store au: author caught autumn
our: four mourn court bought ar: warm quarrel quarter 10) [ ɔ ] ([ɒ])发音字母 o a ou
o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not a: want wash watch 11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
oo: food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth o: shoe do two
u: true truth blue full prude 12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
oo: look good foot book wood ou: should could
u: put full bull pull push o: woman wolf
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
a: name cake late gate plane April ay: play say may way ea: great break
ai: rain paint plain ey: they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
i: bike fine find die nine light night high
y: my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
ou: house out flour ground account count sound loud ow: flower down now cow how town 16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
o: home cold go no phone host ghost ow: know low below grow blow show flow oa: boat coat goal 17) [ ɔɪ ] 字母组合oy oi oy: boy toy joy
oi: oil soil voice choice 18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear eer: beer deer ear: ear near
ere, ie,ea: here fierce idea
19) [ ɛə ] ([e ə])字母组合ear air ere ear: pear bear air: chair air fair ere: there where are: care
20) [uε] [au ə]字母组合our ower our: hour tour ower: flower shower