主旨大意题解题技巧

1）常见的提问方式有：

（1）What is the general/main idea of the passage？ （2）The main theme of the passage is_____.

（3）The passage is mainly about_____. （4） What’s the article mainly about ？

（5）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？/ What’s the best title for the text ？

（6）Which of the following expresses the main idea？/ What’s the main idea of the passage ？

（7）It can be inferred from the text that __________. (8)We may infer that __________

（9）The best headline for this newspaper article is ___ 。 (10) The first paragraph tells us that_____.

2）解题技巧：

位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of, the most important example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides that; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。例如

People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal un1ess they have had steak or other red

meat．Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal．Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti．eggplant．and fresh fruit．0thers could live on what were called fast—foods：a hamburger or hot dog。French fries and a soft drink．

位于段尾：虽然英语段落的主旨句在大多数情况下都置于段落之首．但有些文章会以列举事实位于开头．通过论证。最后讲出作者所要阐述的核心论点。因此。如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话。最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子。看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征。段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来．当一种观点不易向人解释清楚．或不易被人接受时．主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如clearly，plainly；so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion．in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号同时．学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词。以确定其是否是主题句。例如

Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them．Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually．Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others．It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect．

位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节。接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例．然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)。再给予解释；或先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)．最后给予解释。例如

In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market．Ford, General Motors, and

Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before．The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost American autoworkers their job as some experts expected．Ford operates as far as Asia , and General Motors is considered Australia's biggest

employer．Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable society。

The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost American autoworkers their jobs as some experts expected．该段其他三句列举美国主要汽车制造商雇员情况。证明主题句一一外国廉价汽车的涌人并没像专家预计的那样对美国汽车制造业的就业造成压力。

前后呼应：有时候．主题句会在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现．形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题

句叙说的是同一个内容。但用词不尽相同。这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。

无明确主题句：有些段落可能找不别主题句，其中心思想包含在各句的字里行间，只有把这些句子归纳一下，才能找出中心思想。如果段落中沒有明显的主题句。学生可以找出主题词或词组。然后用这些主题词或词组，概括和归纳段落的中心思想。例如

Bats are the only animals that truly fly．These animals use their leathery wings differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down, while bats use both their wings and legs, which makes them seem as if they are swimming through the

air．Even though bats take much longer，stronger strokes than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second! 此段落的主题词是：bats， birds， different，fly．归纳出段落的中心思想是：Bats are different from birds in flying． 另外, 学生要注意的是,新题型中有一个选项是干扰项。解题时可以依据以下三点加以辨別．

（1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节； （2）表述过于笼统．超出该段的内容；

（3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据．

2．作者的写作目的、意图、态度类题：

1）常见的设题方式有：

（1）What is the author’s main point？ （2）In the author’s opinion, _____.

（3）The story suggests that __________. （4） The main purpose of this announcement is to ____.

（5）The writer probably feels that ____ （6）The writer suggests that __________.

（7） The writer’s attitude toward ___ is ___. （8）what the writer really means is __________.

（9）The author seems _____. (10)The author’s tone in this passage is _____.

（11）The author’s intention in writing the passage is to ___.

这类询问语气态度的考题中，选择项里常出现以下一些重要的词：sympathetic 同情的；critical批评的；doubtful怀疑的；objective客观的；enthusiastic热情的，matter-of-fact实事求是的；hostile敌对的；satisfied满意的；friendly友好的；indifferent冷淡的；subjective主观的；optimistic乐观的；pessimistic悲观的；disappointed失望的；neutral中立的。 询问写作目的的题，选择项里常出现的词是：explain解释；persuade劝说；comment评论；criticize批评；interest引起……的注意或兴趣；entertain使欢乐；argue辩论；demonstrate举例说明，示范；tell讲述；prove 证明；urge激动；advise劝告；analyze分析；praise赞扬; view 看待,等等。

解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：

（1）把主题的一部分看成是文章的“主旨思想”。这样的选择太具体，不能确定地概括出整个文章或段落的主旨思想。

（2） 表达作者的主旨思想时，词语概括的范围太大，太笼统，超出了作者的本意。

（3）选项本身是正确的，但只是片面地回答了问题。因此，在确定文章的主旨思想时，选项的内容不能太具体也不能太笼统。