作文大突破

gaurmen开t头

第1句归纳作者：的论（C结nocusloni：

In this）a gumertn ,teharg ur ecnclodeu thsat…

2第-/4句3：归作者纳的证论过程（Te lhin ef reasooinng adnu e ofse ivdncee：）

Tosup orp thtisco cnlsionu,t he rgaure oinpt ous ttaht …I adnitdion the ,rguera raesno sthta…

第45/：句阐明对你作者述的基论本判断You（rp oni tf voeiw）：

作者的证论存明显的逻在方辑的面缺陷This argu：entmis lafedwin XX mXajor sapcte.s

.1 1asHyt Gneralizaetoin

小->

范本大：The uthaor ocmimtsa flaaly cf hostya enegrlazitaoin nia ssmunigtha tA wi ll utamoaicatlyl[r selt iu/ nlad eo]t .B hTeautho roes ndt poovrid suefifceint evidenc to sepuorptt hec alm. Tihe examlp cetedi,w ihe sluggestiv eint rndes ,s insiuficfinet otw rranati t truthsbe acseu thre is eo renasn ot oblieee vhatt B willo ccu artumotacaily.l Fr onsiatnec, …Tuhs th,er ise n ogauarnte eof…

1.2

Misapplid Generaleiation

范本：Thz aeutoh rcomimsta fallay of cimsappiel deneraligaztoi ninassu ingm hat tA wll iutaomaticall yl[eadto/ erslu in]tB. T eh uthor daes noto porive duffisciet evidnnec eo sutpprtot h elaim. cAlhtouh gi genenarl …,, ht preboem islth a tB d noo tccor auuomattcaily, lt riquiers …eIt si opssibe tlhat… T hsu,t hreeis nogu raanet of …e

1. F3ase Anlloagy类错误比

A有，BC有C其（他因素一）样

本范The ：uthora cmmotis afalacy lof fasl anelago iyn asumins thagt Aw li lcahiveet hesam eesrlt ausB ode (is…)f. Teh earsoingni squesti oabnl eebcuseas miiarltiis beteewn tweo eenvt,sa dn teh evnriomentnsi nwhicht ehyar e olh,dm yan t bo sufefcient eiough tn oawrrnt athsiclaim. [oF exarplm,…e /hiWle A,…B…] Aparepnlyt,d fifeences retwbene Ana dB cleray outlwiehgthe srfauce smiliartieis,t hus ,makig tneh aalong ynuentalb.e hT eutaor‘sh afliure o ptrveoo r vee noncidsr eht ecopmrabalityib etewne anA B derdenrs het occnulisno asbed poun ith ghiyl susepc.t

1

4. lAlTh ins aregEq ualA有

性属C，不怎管变A还么是有C

隐假含，时定间空和间

范本

：The rgumeatn usfers ffro ma fallca yof―All htigs arn eqeula.‖T ehfact t at h…i sot an soudn eidevcn eo tradwt h ceocnluison hatt… hT euthor aassmesuwi hott juustifiationc hatt hte abkgrounc coddiniont [save hemairnde te hsamea tdfiefent rime/t aret e shae atmdifferen tlo catois]. noweverH t isin o tlecr inat hi asgrmuetn hetwerh te hcur(rent)con diitosni An Aae rthe sme as at[eyhused otbe X yeaXrsa go t/ohse niBB . ]Ths, iu ts imipssible oto cocludenth at …

.1 2Cuasl aOersivplimfiaction范

：本hTea rguer cmoitmsa c uaas lvoreimplsifiactinof llaacyin saumsign hat t Asi ll ahtat i rsqeiuerdfor B Wh.il edmiatetldy A,i sa nim oprant tlementei ndetrmenini Bg i,t i sardlh yht onlye oe. noT seatblish aegnearl aucasl reationslih pbetweneA and ,Bother facotrs tath culo rdselu in tBs ohudl e cbonisededrand e limnitae. Fdr eoxmple,a T…ehauth r‘o sfialre to uivnstigaet eroe ve

n conider otser poshsibel xeplantaons ifor rBedens rth econclsiuo bnased upnoi thigh y luspsct.e

2.2

oPt hos, cerogpr ptore hco前

后生，感冒to牙发疼

范

：The本a tuhrocom mti s aafllayco f―osPth o,c rgeop oprerth o‖ cni assmunig tat h iAsth e acuseof . BhTe nlyo eivdenec oferfe to sudppot threc laimi stathA cocurer dbefoe rB.H woeve, thre vedineec isin ufsifceni tt ostealbihs the claimin q uetiso nbecuae asm ere hcroolngioal crletaionhis ip onnl one oyf te hidniactroso af cauas rleatliosnip ahn, thedrfeor, deose not ecnessrilay porv ea cusaa relltianohips .oT etsabisl ha egernl aaucsla eraltinosip hbtweeen anAdB, othrefa tcrs ohat ctoud lresult i n Bhosld bu eoncsdieerda d elnminatei. dFr examplo,e …The aut hor‘ safilur te invesoigatte r even coonsdei thre posibselexp lnatioansfor B enreds rhte occnlsuoi nabes dpun it ohgihl ysupecs.t

2. 3Cu hoc,mer g orpopet hroc

同时发生反，例cmpetitoro

范本：T

heautho romcmtsia fa llcyao f ―Cmu och, ergo prpterohoc i‖ asnumisg thant Ai s hetca seu f o. Bhe Tnloy evdeineco fferedto su ppotr the lcai imst hat [A ocnicie/codrreponsde dwthi B / [A]and B apphned semiutaneloulys]. H woeevr t,e evhidnce esiin ufsicifetn ote tsalbihsth celim an iuesqiton ecbuas ae mree occnrruneecre latinoshi pino nyl noe fot h indeictoas rfo cauasl raeatlionshipa n, tdeheroref do,s eno ntcesearsly ipove r caasalurelat iosnhpi .T eotsabisl ah egnrae clausal rleaiotsnip hbtweee An an B, dtoerh afcotsrtha tcou dlr seut ilnB shou d be clnoideser and deimlinteda For.exa mpe,l …T e ahutho‘rsfa iurle ot inevstiatego r vee cnosidernt h epossibleexp alnatoins fr oB ernders te chocnuslon basei dpon ut ihihlg syspecu.t

2.

C4roelatrio to Cnasutiona

范：The 本uthorac moits them falacy lof Corre―alton io Ctauatison in‖assu mig tnahtA is te shol eerasn boehidnB .H owver, ehete vdiecn ofeferd isei sufnifcent tois upprto teh clia: mA mee correralton biewteen Anda Bd os net neoescarsiy plorv e causaa lreltainshop.iTo e tsblasi hage enalrc uaasl elrtaoinhspib eweent A adnB o,hert facors that ctoldures ultin B hosuld eb ocsnideer dan elimdniteda F.ro eaxmlpe …, Th aethur‘os faiurl toeinv setgite oa rveneco sndier thepos sbiel xplenations aorf Bre dnrset h ecnolcsiuon bseadu opnit h ghlyi supest.c

3.1

aFsle ilDemma

元二误错，么要要么BA，好A不好B选，A有有可没能AB+

本范The a：tuoh romcitsma f laalc ofyfa sl dilemmae n assuimngi httaA ad n aBe rumtauly lexcluivs elaertanites anv dthreeis no romo ofr a idmled rguod.n oHewvr,et h eathor dueos on prtoidev aynev dence tios uport phti clasi. [moF reaxmle, p … /omComn sens eifonms ursth ta /…I atccrdo wist hcmomo sennes tah …] (t, an dw ecnae sali pyoviredb etetr rsuetls yb ajdsuing btth oAand B .) iWthou evtidnees tcha tacnru e oult ucsh pssobilitiei, tshe utharoc nnot juastifiablyc ocnlud teah …t

32 .ppAel ao tIgornanec

诉于不知诸，1道.证无本据身是证据不alc okf poorfi s

no ptrof. 2.o证少不据表不代重要

范：T本h ergaur ecmomits fallaca yfo appael oti gnroace ni assnmiugn taht lal tah tXX Xunahppyw iht coApmalneida oub it. Htoewve, rhe tvediecneo ffred ei sniusficifen totsu popt rhte lcaim la:ckof profois nt oropf.o [I ist etinely ropsibsl ehat tmna yucsh XXXe prexsst ehr iidpleassru simelypb nyo treurtnng toi The…g eraert hetpe cernatge f oschu XX,Xt ehw ekae ther agrmuetn‘ svedieneca ass ing fo XXX astsfictaon iithw ./A I is topsiblse thtama nysuc XXhXw ee rdspiealsd eubt otobus y o torfallm cyopmlin.a L]ackngi omer occretnei nforamtino bauo tXX‘s Xtattuies, wde acnon tasume that sth eregat amorjti yf XoX Xhowdi not cdmolpan areiha ppy.

3.

O3ens ieddnses

片面错误，看只到A的，没看好A的到或者是B、C的坏

好

Athid problem wrti thehar gmuet is nhat itt ufairny alssuem thst ahcidrenldo ot nenbeft icaadeimcall yrof particmipatin in cgmoptitieve spots. Ir ts ienitreyl opssibe ltah such tspotsrpr vodeic hlirde nwit thhe ort ofs brea kforma acdmeiscth a tehpl tseh tom eb omerp roudcivt aeadcemcialyl.It si laso posibsl teah tth ceopetmtivie rdvei hta tteshesp ors mightti snilt in yloungc hlidren acrrise verot o htie aracdeimcs ndasp rusth emo tno peforrmw ellin shocl.oWi htot cuonsdirengisuch poetnitlaac aedmicbe enfis, thteau thr ocnano rtesoaanbyl onclucedtha tfor youg nhcildre nht edsidavatnaeg ofsp rtiaciptain ig anhlettcic moetpiion outtwighe teh bneeift.s

1 Vest.d enterIse

既t得益利

Eg..1W heve asrtnog rasens oo tqeutisnot h erecdtaiblitiya dnn uteraitlyof teh urvsye niwi t thhe oncudcto rah vessted itnreet sadn ,threfore eisincli nd eto anipumlteat ehf giruest hio sonwa vantagde

..E.g W2 ehveas rtnogr aesnos otq esuitn toehc eridtabilty aidnn etualriyt fo th eeramkrs made byXX , wXh hosave tsedi netert san dhertfoer es ironepto atket e phoitisn to ohsio w ndaanvtge.a