新概念英语语法语法大全(名词)
(一)名词变复数:1.规则名词复数形式:在单数名词后加“s” day → days week → weeks 2.在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加“es”。 hero → heroes box → boxes class → classes bush → bushes watch → watches3.黄金重点:I.有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。 II.以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加“s”。(不认识的单词,请你查词典,懒惰是学英语的唯一大忌。) piano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,soprano 教你一招 ☆ 如果以O结尾的名词有生命力,则该词汇一般加-es。hero,tomato,potato,Negro(黑人)[简记:黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。] 4.以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”family → families city → cities 5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”key → keys boy → boys play → plays toy → toys 6.以f、fe结尾的名词,变 f / fe为 v加 es。calf → calves knife → knives ? 当心当心:I.下列名词直接加“s”。(请大声朗读三遍,然后背下。注意读音!)roof(房顶),reef(暗礁),chief(首领),cliff(悬崖),grief(悲痛),turf(草皮), belief(信仰),gulf(港湾),dwarf(侏儒),safe(保险箱),sheriff(长官),tariff(关税)II.scarf(头巾),wharf(码头),staff(全体职员),handkerchief(手帕)和 hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”,又可变 f为 v加 es. (二)不规则名词复数形式:1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child → children ox → oxen louse → lice woman → women man → men 2.单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works, barracks(兵营) bellows(风箱) kennels(狗窝)3.一些英语外来词的复数形式:crisis→crises 危机 analysis→analyses 分析 oasis→oases 绿洲 parenthesis→parentheses 括号 axis→axes 轴心 ellipsis→ellipses 日蚀 hypothesis→hypotheses 假定 synopsis→synopses 内容提要 erratum→errata 勘误误表 addendum→addenda 补遗、附录 medium→media 媒体 (以上单词熟悉即可)(三).复合名词复数形式:1.中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数:bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls 2.man和 woman构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数。 man servant→men servants woman teacher→women teachers 3.中间有连字符的合成次,在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变复数:sister-in-law→sisters-in-lawlooker-on→lookers-on editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief 4.下列合成名词在后一个词上变化:sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots go-between→go-betweens (四).名词所有格1.在大多数名词末加“'s” the boy's toy, men's work 2.以 s结尾的复数名词直接加“'” the students' reading room 3.以 s结尾的单数名词加“'” Dickens' novels the actress' performance 4.合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”her brother-in-law's piano. Somebody else's books. (重要!)【金牌重点】:除用于有生命的人外,“'s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中:an hour's drive, a mile's journey ten pounds' weight. Beijing's weather the earth's surface a stone's throw 投石之距离 at one's wits end 智穷计尽 to one's heart's content 尽情地 by a hair's breadth 千钧一发 at a snail's pace 缓慢地 5.双重所有格:如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。则要采用双重所有格。 a friend of mine (名词性物主代词) a child of hersthe love poems of your sister's注意区别:● a portrait of her mother 她母亲的画像(画中人) ● a portrait of her mother's 她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅(不一定是她母亲的画像)1、Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.shoe storeshoes storeshoe's storeshoes' store2、As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.ten-dollarten-dollarsten-dollar'stens-dollar3、Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.wage and savingwage and savingswages and savingwages and savings4、I want ________ .a dollar worth candya dollar worth's candya dollar's worth of candycandy a dollar's worth5、The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.dohadhashave只有登陆了才能做题