多式联运管理的介绍
Introduction of multimodal transport management
多式联运管理的介绍
Multimodal transport is the transport process by two and more means of transportation to join each transit, transshipment and do together. Multimodal transport system is one of these many different elements on the mode of transportation of the large system, it make originally relatively independent organic combination of the transport sector formed interconnected efficient transport system. Multimodal transport system of the overall goal is consistent, the aims of different elements are different, it will inevitably produce some contradictions and conflicts, the need to coordinate with each other between different mode of transportation, system is required. The cohesion of the multimodal transport system is to maximize the overall effectiveness of multimodal transport system as the goal, to effectively mutual coordination between all the elements in the system as the guidance, make the system in a state of harmony development. This is the way to transport a variety of cohesion of operations management. This cohesion includes two meanings: a layer of meaning is mainly manifested in the multimodal transport system internal cohesion, another layer of meaning is mainly manifested in the system with the outside world on the total demand and space cohesion.
多式联运是指由两种及其以上的交通工具相互衔接、转运而共同完成的运输过程。多式联运系统就是一个由这些众多不同运输方式要素所组成的大系统,它使原本相对独立的运输部门有机结合,形成了相互联系的高效运输系统。多式联运系统的整体目标是一致的,而不同要素的目标是不同的,这就不可避免的产生一些矛盾和冲突,需要不同运输方式之间互相协调,需要进行系统衔接。多式联运系统的衔接就是以发挥多式联运系统整体效能最大化为目标,以系统内各要素之间有效地相互协调为导向,使系统处于和谐地发展状态。这便是多种运输方式衔接的运营管理。这种衔接包括两层含义:一层含义主要体现在多式联运系统内部的衔接,另一层含义主要体现在系统与外界需求总量上的衔接以及与空间上的衔接。
For multimodal transport management, our country formulates the rules of international container multimodal transport management. It mentioned the conditions that multimodal transport business enterprises should comply for application, the multimodal transport operator's application for examination and approval, establishment of multimodal transport enterprises shall comply with the provisions, the validity of the license, multimodal transport enterprises set up business branches and demanded an end to the relevant formalities of multimodal transport business enterprise, sino-foreign joint ventures, sino-foreign cooperative enterprises to apply for the relevant provisions of the multimodal transport business, such as the management of the multimodal transport put forward detailed requirements.
对于多式联运的管理,国家也制订了国际集装箱多式联运管理规则。里面提到了申请经营多式联运业务的企业应符合的条件、多式联运经营人的审批、申请
成立多式联运企业应符合的规定、经营许可证的有效期、多式联运企业设立经营性分支机构和要求停止多式联运业务的企业的相关手续、中外合资企业、中外合作企业申请经营多式联运业务的有关规定等,对多式联运的管理提出了详细的要求。
With the development of economy, multimodal transport as emerging logistics organization form, has gradually become the mainstream mode of transportation of international trade. Aware of this situation, our country logistics shipping companies have put forward the concept of multimodal transport information, actively build multimodal transport information system. In recent years, the rise of cloud computing technology, multimodal transport management system based on cloud computing is the new concept is gradually used. Cloud computing resources integration to improve equipment computing platform modular design reflects high scalability, virtual resource pool provide flexible services to users, according to the need to pay to reduce the operation cost, etc, is meeting the needs of multimodal transport information system. Information system plays an important role in management, and cloud computing is undoubtedly having a great influence on multimodal transport management.
随着经济的发展,多式联运作为新兴的物流组织形式,已逐渐成为国际贸易的主流运输方式。意识到了这种形势,我国物流航运公司纷纷提出了多式联运信息化的理念,积极打造自己的多式联运信息系统。近年来,云计算技术兴起,基于云计算的多式联运管理系统这一新概念被逐渐应用。云计算具有计算资源集成提高设备计算能力平台模块化设计体现高可扩展性、虚拟资源池为用户提供弹性服务、按需付费降低使用成本等特点,非常符合多式联运信息系统的需求。信息系统在管理中有着举足轻重的作用,云计算无疑对多式联运管理产生了很大的影响。
International trade intelligence model of multimodal transport management
国际贸易多式联运管理的智能模型
International multimodal transport is the development direction of future "seamless" comprehensive logistics, the role of information technology and intelligent technology will be more and more significant, international multimodal transport network will become the core resources. Multimodal transport in the procurement of raw materials, the production of the goods, the supply of the goods will be more widespread application and development. Policymakers in addition to reduce the cost, the pursuit of quality, and to balance efficiency. These pressures will lead to in the management of international multimodal transport to continuously introduce advanced technology, intelligent management mode will be an important development trend.
The following are existing intelligent models of multimodal transport
management:
1、Ant colony model. Its inspiration is from the path in the process of ants searching for food. The advantages of ant colony algorithm:(1) With a positive feedback mechanism, with the aid of the pheromone update the realization of the aim of eventually converge to the optimal path;(2)Can be distributed optimization, implementation can improve computational efficiency on parallel computer;(3) A single directory or multi-objective optimization problem can be obtained and it’s easy to get the global optimal solution;(4)It has good versatility and robust.
2、The genetic algorithm model. It is based on simulation of natural selection and genetics of biological evolution process of biological evolution, the evolution of the process of search for the optimal solution method is a natural evolution through simulations.
3、Artificial neural network model. Artificial neural network is based on modern neurobiology research developed a kind of imitation animal nervous system characteristics, the mathematical model of distributed parallel information processing, is of biological neural networks in terms of structure, functions and features of abstract, simplified and simulated to form an information processing system.
4、Multi-agent model. Multi-agent system is a system composed of a plurality Agent, between Agent and Information Agent and the environment through the exchange to collaborate on a single Agent can not solve the problem. Simo think it can make up for many individuals to organize individual work capacity is limited; each individual is responsible for a specific task can compensate individual ability to learn new tasks is limited; the system asks organized information flow can compensate for limited self-knowledge.
国际多式联运将来的发展方向是“无缝衔接”的综合物流,信息技术、智能技术的作用必将越来越显著,国际多式联运网络势必成为核心资源。多式联运在原料的采购、商品的生产、商品的供应环节将会得到更普遍的应用与发展。决策者们除了要降低成本、追求质量、也要兼顾效率。这些压力将导致在国际多式联运的管理中要不断引进先进的技术,智能化管理模式将是一个重要的发展趋势。
现有的多式联运管理的智能模型大致有:
1、蚁群模型。蚁群算法是Dorign在上世纪90年代提出的一种智能模拟优化算法,用来在图中寻找优化路径的机率型算法。其灵感来源于蚂蚁在寻找食物过程中发现路径的行为。蚁群算法的优点:(1)具有正反馈机制,借助信息素的不断更新实现最终收敛于最优路径的目的;(2)可分布式优化,在并行计算机上实现可提高计算效率;(3)可求解单一目录或多目标优化问题,容易得到全局最优解;(4)具有较好的通用性与较好的鲁棒性。
2、遗传算法模型。遗传算法是由美国Michigan大学J.Holland教授于1975年首先提出来的,它基于模拟生物进化论的自然选择和遗传学机理的生物进化过程,演变为一种通过模拟自然进化过程搜索最优解的方法。
3、人工神经网络模型。人工神经网络是在现代神经生物学研究基础上发展起来的一种模仿动物神经系统特征,进行分布式并行信息处理的数学模型,是对生物神经网络在结构、功能及某些特性方面的抽象、简化和模拟而形成的一种信
息处理系统。
4、多智能体模型。多智能体系统是由多个Agent组成的系统,Agent 之间以及Agent与环境之间通过各信息交换来协作完成单个Agent不能解决的问题。Simo认为把许多个体组织起来可以弥补个体工作能力的有限;每个个体负责一项专门的任务可以弥补个体学习新任务能力的有限;系统问有组织的信息流动可以弥补个体知识的有限。