中国下层低收入人群生活状况及相关内容中英文

中国下层低收入人群生活状况及相关内容

（一）低收入家庭的分布结构（人群分布） Distribution structure of low income families

民政部门资料显示，从年龄结构看，31岁--55岁的中年人所占比重最大；从文化程度看，初中及以下文化占了50%以上；从原单位性质看，企业职工占 The Civil Affairs Department data show that, from the age structure, the 31 year old middle-aged --55 years of age accounted for the largest proportion; from education, junior high school and below accounted for more than 50%; from the original nature of the unit, enterprise staff

90%以上；从行业分布看，80%的城镇低收入家庭人口集中在制造业和社会服务业；从就业性质看，丧失劳动能力、下岗失业、从事小本经营的个体劳动者是构成城镇低收入家庭人口的主体。

More than 90%; from the industry distribution, 80% of urban low-income population is concentrated in the manufacturing industry and social service industry; employment from nature, lose labor ability, laid-off, engaged in business with a small capital individual workers constitute the main urban low income family population.

（二）低收入家庭收入主要来源

The main source of low income family

低收入家庭一半以上无稳定的工资性收入，主要生活来源依靠政府发放的最低生活保障补贴、亲朋的捐赠赞助、下岗生活安置费以及打临工、经营小本生意等方式维持生计。

Low income families more than half no stable income, the main source of income to rely on government issued minimum living allowance, and sponsorship, laid-off life relocation and temporary, to run a small business and livelihood.

（三）相关成因的讨论或措施

The related discussions or measures

二十多年的改革开放，在给中国带来经济繁荣的同时，也使中国城镇居民的收入分配状况发生了很大变化，其中，最明显的也是引发争议最大的问题，就是城镇低收入阶层的形成和不断扩大。中国目前的城镇低收入问题，从宏观上看，是经济制度变迁的客观反映和必然结果；从微观上看，则与收入分配政策和劳动就业问题密切相关。在性质上，它属于“经济转型时期”的低收入问题。解决这一问题的根本出路是在贯彻“起点公平”原则的基础上，通过促进经济增长来创造更多的就业机会，提高政府的再分配能力，并通过人力资本投资的方式来提高低收入阶层参与价值创造和分享经济发展成果的能力。

For more than twenty years of reform and opening up, bring about economic prosperity to Chinese at the same time, the income distribution China urban residents has undergone great changes, among them, the most significant and controversial issue, is the formation of urban low income stratum and expanding. Chinese present low-income urban problems, from a macro perspective, is to reflect and inevitable outcome of the economic system change; from the microscopic point of view, is closely related with the policy of income distribution and employment problem. In nature, it belongs to "the problem of the low income during the period of" economic transformation. The fundamental solution of this problem is based on the implementation of the "fair" principle, to create more employment opportunities by promoting economic growth, improve the ability of the government and the redistribution, through human capital investment to improve the capability of the low income stratum to participate in value creation and share the fruits of economic development.

（四）缓解城镇低收入家庭贫困问题的建议 the alleviation of poverty of low-income urban families advice

1、加大政府在国民经济再分配中的配置作用，健全社会保障制度。

1, increase the allocation of government role in the redistribution of the national economy, improve the social security system.

把城市反贫困工作和农村扶贫工作统筹安排，建立城乡统一的反贫困工作机制；要在中央财政继续加大投入力度的同时，各级地方政府应该努力调整财政支出结构，加大城镇低保投入，确保所需资金能按时足额到位；低保资金必须专户管理，要及时转入“财政社会保障补助资金专户”，实行封闭运行，严格发放程序，专款专用；要实行临时救济、廉租住房、助学金、半价病床等综合性救助措施；要建立低保情况通报制度，定期向社会公布各级政府用于最低生活保障的资金数额、最低生活保障人数等，以利于社会监督。

The city poverty and rural poverty alleviation work arrangement, establishing a unified urban and rural anti-poverty work mechanism; in the central government continue to increase investment. At the same time, local governments at all levels should try to adjust the structure of financial expenditure, increase the urban low input, to ensure the required funds can be paid on time; minimal assurance funds must be accounts management, should be promptly to "financial subsidies for social security funds accounts", closed operation, strict issuance procedures, special fund is special; to implement temporary relief, low rent housing, grants, half bed comprehensive rescue measures; to establish reporting system of subsistence allowances, announce to the society regularly at all levels of government funding for the amount, the minimum living guarantee of subsistence security number, to facilitate the social supervision.

2、扩大就业渠道，增加城镇居民收入。

2, to expand the channels of employment, increase the income of urban residents.

缓解城镇低收入家庭贫困的关键在于发展经济，创造更多的就业机会，使低收入群体能得到其维持日常生活的基本收入，并提高其收入水平。一是大力发展第三产业，一方面提升传统劳动密集型服务业，另一方面，要加快发展技术含量高的新型服务业。二是大力发展非国有经济，培养扶持高素质的小企业

The key to ease urban low income family poverty lies in the development of economy, create more employment opportunities, so that low-income groups can get the basic income maintenance of daily life, and improve their level of income. One is to develop the third industry, on the one hand to promote traditional labor-intensive service industry, on the other hand, to speed up the development of high technological content of new service industry. Two is the development of non state owned economy, cultivating high-quality small business support

主群体。从政策上给予积极扶持，努力拓宽我市城镇居民的收入渠道，提倡和鼓励城市居民到个体、私营企业就业，引导鼓励城镇失业人员和下岗职工创办

小企业，吸纳更多的人口就业。

The main groups. Give active support from policy, efforts to broaden sources of income of urban residents of our city, advocate and encourage city residents to individual, private sector employment, encourage the urban unemployed and laid-off workers to start a small business, bringing more employment.

3、加大对城镇低收入家庭的“教育扶助”.

3, increase the urban low income family "educational assistance".

从消除城镇低收入家庭贫困的长远看，必须大力发展教育事业，从整体上提高劳动者素质，有效防止结构性失业。

From the elimination of urban low income family poor long term, we must vigorously develop education, improve the quality of workers as a whole, effectively prevent the structural unemployment.

由于贫困群体和富裕群体在受教育机会上的不均等，信息社会所产生的“数字鸿沟”越来越大，“富者愈富、穷者愈穷”的趋势进一步明显。弥补这种差距，需要政府这只“看得见的手”发挥作用。

Because of poor and rich people in education opportunity inequality, the information society and the "digital divide" is more and more big, "the rich get richer, the poor get poorer" further obvious trend. To fill the gap, need the government only the "visible hand" to play a role in.