大学生英语作文的套路
大学生英语作文的套路
贾胜锡（西工大）
2013-4
【小引】
凡古今为文作书者皆有序，我无甚可序，只此一引以效。
我英语学的不好，勉强能混考试，写作就写的更不好了。但这并不影响我去研究写作。就像美食家只要负责学会赞美食物的形容词，诸如色香味俱全之类，并无关烹饪技术之高低。之所以要写此文基于如下几个原因：
1、 小胖子说最近考英语，要我找几篇作文背一背好应付考试，正好赶上我今天懒得学习，打dota的话人又凑不齐，所以就来研究一下写作。
2、 本想抄几篇范文给小胖子，后来一想，以后的考试还比较多，用到的地方就多了，每次都抄麻烦，不如好好总结一下，以后也能受益，省了好多劳动。此一劳永逸之举实属懒惰所致。见笑。
3、 现在市场上的写作书好多啊，但是太厚、太贵、太多废话、太多文章；分析不深入、例子不典型、看了没啥用。所以，还是自己搞比较靠谱。
话不多说。
之所以要总结其套路，是因为它真的是有套路的，而且这是提高写作对付考试最实用有效的方法（个人观点，绝对原创，如有雷同，我没抄你！）。如果想有水平上的实质提高，简单说就是想要文章写的有味道，此文不适合你，你可以去参考Scott Dreyer编写的、机械工业出版社的《美国老师教你写出好英文》——此书绝对不是哗众取宠之作，细心研读，别有风味。
1
此文适用于遇到题目不知道怎么写的，适用于15分钟还写不完的，适用于抓耳挠腮字数凑不够的，适用于写作没入门的。所列4篇范文，希望背过，可熟练的默写。在此基础上可以在平日练习中多多总结，自有提高。
下面我以六级、考研、全国英语竞赛的文章为材料一一分析。（写作一般有两种——大作文和小作文，小作文是指书信、招聘广告等应用文及图标文章，这个在英语竞赛中以及雅思中会有，分值不大，暂不研究。以后有闲心再说，这里只讲大作文的套路。）
【一 2012年英语竞赛c类初赛】
此文题目为：College students have many ways to finance their college education . They may get help from their parents ,find part-time jobs , apply for loans , or win scholarships . Which ways do you think are better for college students to choose in order to cover tuition fees and other living costs ? Give your ideas and state your reason for it .
下面这篇范文给我们展示了套模板的高超技艺。请看：（手打的，好辛苦„„） With the increase of the tuition fees in college , it comes out an inevitable question that how the college students finance their college education 。 Some ways emerged , including getting help from their parents , finding part-time jobs ,applying for loans , or winning scholarship . Then , a heated topic over which ways seem to be better than the others has become more and more popular . From my point of view , finding part-time jobs and winning scholarships are two proper ways to answer this question .
The reasons why I choose these two ways are as following: First of all , it is an obligation for students to try their best to get a good record . It is quite possible for a student who studies hard to win scholarship to cover tuition fees . Secondly , with the supplement of the money earned by part-time jobs , living costs can be solved . Last but not the least , working
experiences can be gained from part-time jobs which can also help students to find a good job after graduation .
From the reasons above , it can be concluded that finding part-jobs and winning scholarships are the best ways to finance students.
不要怀疑你的眼睛，这个真的是2012年全国大学生英语竞赛（c类初赛）的参考范文。霸气吧 ，你看这模板套的多出色，落霞与孤鹜齐飞，腐朽共神奇痛在你。真乃奇文一篇！
通过这篇文章， 我想我们可以借鉴的就是--如何套模板。且看：
1、 一般，第一段就是把题目阐述一下，而此文第一句硬生生的为所讨论的问题加上了背景——“学费增加”，题目中也没说呀。所以，经验一:可以根据具体需要自己加内容。下面演示一下，照此思路还可以这么写With the increase of the number of college students , it comes out an inevitable question that how the college students finance their college education 。（太无耻了是吧？对，你已经入门了）
2、 “Some ways emerged , including „„”此句给我们展示了一个如何将题目中的内容在文章中再说一遍的号方法——将其变为动名词，用including再罗列一边，简单吧。 2
3、 “Then , a heated topic over which ways seem to be better than the others has become more and more popular “此句也比较霸气。明显是在用a heated topic has become more and more popular的套路，但是难度在于题目是Which ways do you think are better，这个显然不能直接套，所以用which ways seem to be better than the others将所谓的“heated topic”具体化。（其实想想 ，这种话题有什么heated的呢„„）
4、 “finding part-time jobs and winning scholarships are two proper ways to answer this question ”此句告诉我们经验二：可以选择两个来说。一般的，我们墨守的是选一种来说，呵呵，选两个的好处就是不怕字数凑不够呀。
5、 第二段的三个原因没啥说的。它把finding part-time jobs 和 winning scholarships 凑起来一共写了三个，字数总算够了。实际中，个人觉得应该加点过渡比较好。还有一点，请注意第一个原因中“it is an obligation for students to try their best to get a good record ”貌似构不成啥因果原因吧。所以，足见我经验一之重要性呀。
6、 结尾也要说一下。很多指导书叫我们“结尾要重申观点”，怎么重申呢，此文教我们这样做：综上，可以概括„„然后将观点在抄一遍。
看到这，学到不少吧。
此文没啥水平，但是没关系啊，我们在考试时直接面对的具体问题是如何很快完成写作而且不费什么功夫复习，我们又不指望作文来提分，因为提分主要是靠阅读，我们只期望作文不浪费太多时间罢了。（如果想考高分，到了锱铢必较之际，那作文还是要好好下功夫的。）
【二 2011年英语竞赛c类初赛】
(我记得西工大2012年期末就考这的是这个题，当时觉得还挺难的)题目如下：（截图的）
先看参考范文吧：(又得敲字了„„)
No one wants to be a failure ， but different people have different definitions for success. Some attach importance to family . Men that fall in this category belive they will be
successful if they have a big house , a good car and a beautiful wife ; women in this category are willing to devote their whole life to support their husbands and look after their families. 3
Some give priority to career . Men of this kind work heart and soul and leave all the family trifles to their wives ; women of this kind are eager to fully develop their career and can’t afford time and energy to take care of their families due to their heavy workload . I belong to the third category . Both family and career are important , but the most
important thing to me is all people that I love and love me are happy each day . Therefore , I ‘d like to balance career and family . Once I could deal with pressure from work and family properly ,I ‘ m successful .
这个题目看起来有高考语文作文的味道。但还是有点难度的。难度在于英语作文一般是针对一些具体的现象，比如环境呀什么的，这种假大空式不多见。所以，大二考试时我一时不知道咋写，还觉得挺难的。
给出的范文写的还是有点水平的。首先是第一句“ different people have different definitions for success”和“No one wants to be a failure”构成转折，这种思维水平值得借鉴。其次，题目要求写出成功的不同含义和个人观点，本文告诉我们并不是个人观点要占大量篇幅，这就打破了我们一些思维定式。第三，“Some attach importance to family ”、“Some give priority to career”及“I belong to the third category ”这三个对称呼应的结构是很规整的，读起来也不会有重复乏味之感，可以记住自己用。第四，本文为我们提供了一种拓宽思路的方法。具体讲，比如第二段作者想说家庭，于是就把对象分为men和women，然后分别展开，其实意思是一样的，只要句式灵活也不会有重复之嫌。这就解决了我们平时不知道写点啥的问题。这种分类的方法在新东方慎小嶷的《10天搞定雅思写作》中提到，他还提供了另外两种扩展写作思路的方法，个人觉得这里用处不大 ，故不展开。顺便说一下，想考雅思的可以看一下，此书写的相当有个性。第五，我想重点研究一下结尾。结尾作者给出个人观点——“爱我的人和我爱的人能天天快乐”，但是作者用了三步将这一观点和前面两观点结合起来，浑然天成之感顿生。我们来看看这是怎样做到的。第一步，通过“Both family and career are important , but the most important thing to me is „„”这种转折关系。文章首句也是转折，所以，经验三：善用转折往往能使我们思维不局限；第二步，“Therefore , I ‘d like to balance career and family”这句实际上是对之前两种观点的呼应；第三步，“Once I could deal with pressure from work and family properly ,I ‘ m successful ”此句在第二步的基础上完成，是对题目的照应，但是如何和个人观点联系呢。高明之处在于，读到这会产生这种想法——要实现作者所讲的“爱我的人和我爱的人能天天快乐”，就要“ deal with pressure from work and family properly”。所以，结尾的思维也是不俗的。另外文中有些字词用的挺好的 ，就不列举了。
我看了从2006年6月到2011年6月的12套六级考题，这12套题中所考作文类型有三种。其一：图表类，只有2006年6月这一次考到。其余均为论述类。其二:阐述现象——分析原因——说明后果——个人做法类，这种题目也是比较常见，一共考了4次。其三：表述不同观点类，一共考了7次。占比例最大。比如，2010年12月考题为：“1、 4
当今社会，高校排名很流行；2、个人看法不同；3、我自己的观点„„”，2009年12月考题为：“现在不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班 1、有人对这种做法表示支持2、有人并不赞成3、我认为„„”再如，2007年6月的考题为：“1、有人做好期望得到回报2、有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报3、我的观点”。
下面以后两种类型为例各陈范文一篇。
【三 2006年12月24日六级】
题目为：
1、阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要
2、现在愿意阅读经典的人越来越少，原因是„„
3、我们大学生应该怎么做
题干中给出要求写“the importance of reading classics”，不少于150字。英语竞赛里面的第二个作文一般要求为140字。
且看范文：
Classics play a significant role in our life . Famous novels ,speeches or poems tend to bring people courage , confidence and wisdom . So to get access to those minds is no doubt a wise decision .
However , nowadays , few people feel like reading classics . A lot of reasons are responsible for this problem . To begin with , most of them are in the shadow of practical minds . These classics are less likely to meet people’s needs such as possessing a professional skill or
finding a good job . What’s more , online reading helps people get information more easily an efficiently . In contrast , reading classics is time-consuming . The last but not the least ,people nowadays are too busy to read or think .
As for college students , we should fully realize the importance of reading classics . In the future , we are facing many pressures and challenges , and professional skill is obviously not a solution to all these problems . The habit of reading enlightening books enable us to deal with complex situations efficiently by enlarging our visions and deepening our thoughts . 看不出雄奇之处吧，但却有套路在其中。逐一分析之。
1、开头之一个非常典型的起——承——合的三句式。“Classics play a significant role in our life” 这是直接开篇点题。然后如何承接呢，作者选择将classics 的外沿展开，并大略将其作用。第三句用此乃明智之举来合。在此思路上，容我借此题试举一例。Classics play an important part in one’s life ,especially for developing one’s personality and taste . They can broaden one’s visions and enlarge their knowledge . Therefore we should try to get access to them ,which is likely to make our lives more meaningful .
2、第二段中分析的原因也颇有研究价值。作者一共讲了三个原因，分别以to begin with 等形成调理，前面用“A lot of reasons are responsible for this problem ”总领， 此句可为通用句型。我们平时遇到的问题是写不出那么多的原因，觉得凑够三个原因实为不易，那么这里就来分析一下如何列举原因吧。我们可以从这几个方面入手。其一，背景原因， 5
当今社会，高校排名很流行；2、个人看法不同；3、我自己的观点„„”，2009年12月考题为：“现在不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班 1、有人对这种做法表示支持2、有人并不赞成3、我认为„„”再如，2007年6月的考题为：“1、有人做好期望得到回报2、有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报3、我的观点”。
下面以后两种类型为例各陈范文一篇。
【三 2006年12月24日六级】
题目为：
1、阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要
2、现在愿意阅读经典的人越来越少，原因是„„
3、我们大学生应该怎么做
题干中给出要求写“the importance of reading classics”，不少于150字。英语竞赛里面的第二个作文一般要求为140字。
且看范文：
Classics play a significant role in our life . Famous novels ,speeches or poems tend to bring people courage , confidence and wisdom . So to get access to those minds is no doubt a wise decision .
However , nowadays , few people feel like reading classics . A lot of reasons are responsible for this problem . To begin with , most of them are in the shadow of practical minds . These classics are less likely to meet people’s needs such as possessing a professional skill or
finding a good job . What’s more , online reading helps people get information more easily an efficiently . In contrast , reading classics is time-consuming . The last but not the least ,people nowadays are too busy to read or think .
As for college students , we should fully realize the importance of reading classics . In the future , we are facing many pressures and challenges , and professional skill is obviously not a solution to all these problems . The habit of reading enlightening books enable us to deal with complex situations efficiently by enlarging our visions and deepening our thoughts . 看不出雄奇之处吧，但却有套路在其中。逐一分析之。
1、开头之一个非常典型的起——承——合的三句式。“Classics play a significant role in our life” 这是直接开篇点题。然后如何承接呢，作者选择将classics 的外沿展开，并大略将其作用。第三句用此乃明智之举来合。在此思路上，容我借此题试举一例。Classics play an important part in one’s life ,especially for developing one’s personality and taste . They can broaden one’s visions and enlarge their knowledge . Therefore we should try to get access to them ,which is likely to make our lives more meaningful .
2、第二段中分析的原因也颇有研究价值。作者一共讲了三个原因，分别以to begin with 等形成调理，前面用“A lot of reasons are responsible for this problem ”总领， 此句可为通用句型。我们平时遇到的问题是写不出那么多的原因，觉得凑够三个原因实为不易，那么这里就来分析一下如何列举原因吧。我们可以从这几个方面入手。其一，背景原因， 5
历史教材上常出现的“某某是„„的下的时代产物”是也。比如06年12月23号六级考题要求分析越来越多人喜欢过西方节日的原因，范文中第一个原因就是“Thanks to the advanced media technology , the globalization of culture is possible now”。其二，从人自身的角度来找原因。比如此题中最后一个原因“people nowadays are too busy to read or think”是也。其三，从事物本身找原因。比如06年6月六级考题要求分析学生中出现忽视中文学习的原因，范文中给出“Most students take it for granted that Chinese is their mother tongue and they’re already mastered it . ”本文第一个原因也是从书籍自身不能满足人的需要来讲的。其四，从对象的同类中找原因，如果一种事物被忽视，必然有同类事物的代替。比如，本文中第二个原因。再如忽视中文学习中还有“The craze for English learning influences student’s passion for the study of their native language ”。
如果要表达引起某一现象的原因较多，可以讲 There are a variety of reasons
responsible for this trend .或者There are a number of factors which can be attributed to this situation 。
另外在阐述好几个原因时，为了所谓的有条理，我们会用to begin with 、moreover、last but the least 等，除了这些还可以这样写出条理
① First and foremost , the phenomenon is closely related to „，which has created more chances for people to „. What’s more , it is duo to the increase of „. Finally , it has a lot to do with „。
② For various reasons , the ?_? is now becoming a neglected „，but perhaps the most realistic （不要小看这个字，在雅思中可是加分词汇呀）one is that „. Apart from that „。
3、此文结尾也有学习之处，作者说读经典可以帮我们解决未来生活中的压力云云，因为阅读经典可以使我开阔视野深化思想。这个结尾让我说什么好呢，太牵强了吧。但也勉强说得过去。如果在考场上，我们遇到此题，仅有的词汇使我们在谈及阅读经典时只会说enlarging our visions and deepening our thoughts ，那么本文给我展示如何成功运用这仅有的两个短语来结尾。那就是，我再想一个对应的问题（未来生活有压力啦），然后说这样做就能解决这个问题。好办法，是吧？
对于结尾总结或者是陈述自己观点的，我有几个不错的句子：
① Only with these measures taken can we expect (后面可接名词短语)
② In my view , effective measures must be taken before things get worse .
③ We should not just focus on how to „， but should fully realize the importance of „。
下面要讲陈述不同观点的类型，这个有点类似范文二，但由于其在六级考试中比重巨大，所以不避重复之嫌，毅然再讲一篇。
【四 2009年12月六级】
题目在之前分析中讲到过，为：
现在不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班
6
1、有人对这种做法表示支持
2、有人并不赞成
3、我认为„„
为了学习借鉴方便，我在范文的基础做了些小改动，但基本为原貌。
It has become a prevailing (比用popular略显清新)trend for parents to send their
children to art classes for all kinds . To this phenomenon ,some people support it and see it as a beneficial thing for kids to attend art classes. There , the innocents get a chance to expend their interests to a great extent ,and broaden their minds . This ,they belive , will contribute to children’s all-round development .
Others , however , hold the opposite view. They argue that children should be given more time to enjoy their childhood and do what they are interest in . Too many extra
curriculum(原文此处加了s，经查证这个字可以表示一门课，也表示课程的总括，即泛指，所以并不加s) chosen by their parents will inevitably take up kid’s time and eliminate their nature . Just as the saying goes , all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Personally , I believe that art education benefits (这个字是可以当动词使用的)children. The reasons : the earlier the children are exposed to arts and receive art education ,the more likely the parents are to find out the artistic potential hidden in them . And ,even if the children fail to became another child prodigy(意为天才)，the interests in arts cultivated in childhood will be of great value in their whole life .
此文科班味道极浓，基本算是上乘之作。特点如下：
1、列举现象时，关键词就是popular，此文用了prevailing trend。 好像这种英语写作总是在写一些兴起的流行现象。还可以用gain increasing popularity ,如果要表达前所未有的高度，则为 un-precedent level，要想讲其重要性 ，可用 of essential importance 。据说，这种把形容词变成of加名词的可以加分的哟。对于这种现象描述，我平日积累了几个万用句型，愿分享之。
① Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon to hear people talk about „„At the same time , we can often see these words on various media . Besides , many related activities are organized to call people to put it into practice .
② Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of„„, and thereby ?_? (此处加对象)have wound their way into our daily life . Because of the rapid and wide popularity of ?_? , there has been an increasing controversy over the question of wether „„
③ „„is becoming an increasing troublesome issue for ?_?. We are easily get all kinds of information about it. Solving the problem needs collaborative (这个词用的挺好的)efforts between ?_? and ?_?
2、“some people support it and see it as a beneficial thing for kids to attend art classes”此句实在奇葩一朵。这个and所连接的完全是一样的意思，see it as a beneficial thing for 7
kids to attend art classes对于语义没有一点贡献，但是就是可以在范文中出现。我们应该从中学点啥——经验四：可以把一个意思说两遍。
3、文中表述观点时用了不同的动词，如：some people support it、they belive、hold the opposite view、they argue 等，另外还而用 maintain 和claim，这种常用动词应深谙之。
4、 “Others , however , hold the opposite view.”此句将however放在主谓之间，用逗号隔开，这种结构读起来有错落之感，文中多次用到，比如“This ,they belive , will contribute to children’s all-round development .”这也是平日写作的常用结构，考场上写出来据说可以提分。
5、文章结尾讲自己观点时， “And ,even if the children fail to became„„”虽然是递进关系，其实这是正反对比的写法。正说反说的好处就不多讲了，起码可以增加字数吧，值得借鉴。
在这种题目下，还有个窍门本文没有体现。我在此点明：如果要表达个人观点，有时候不容易形成自己的观点，此时可以转移重点，it is not important whether „„but„„，最后再提出美好的希望。
至此，写完。
都是手敲上去的，用了我5天，攒了一堆传热强度的作业没写。
范文只有四篇，选择的原则是不选写的最好的，只选最有借鉴价值的。而且文不在多，贵乎精。没必要像新东东一样出个《考研写作范文100篇》。我擦，你妹呀，100篇是想干嘛。不过，也是有练习之功用的，只是不好入手。我没有选取考研的范文，一则因为手头没有历年考研真题，二则我觉得没有什么必要了，因为这些东西都是一样的路数。 张浩（我班dota大神，天赋极高，我辈莫及）告诉我小火枪出六个狂战可以力挽天下，我今告诉大家熟背这四篇范文可以考试无忧。
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